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Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

The hospital can make very difficult operations such as resection of hepatic lobes, ablation of encephaloma, radiofrequency catheter ablation of preexcitation syndrome with atrical-ventricular tachycardia, installation and monitoring of permanent artificial pacemaker, artificial joint replacement of femoral necrosis, total hip revision arthro-replacement, posterior vitrectomy combined with autologous serum blocking macular hole, mouth floor jow and neck combined radical operation of oral carcinoma etc..

医院能开展肝叶切除术、脑瘤摘除术、射频消融治疗综合症合并室上性心动过速、永久性人工心脏起搏器安装与监测、股骨坏死人工关节置换术，全髋翻修置换术、后段玻璃体切除术、气液交换术、自身血清封闭黄斑裂孔，口腔癌口底颌劲联系根治术等高难度手术。

In chapter 2 we propose a linear equality constraint optimization question , the new algorithm is combined with the new conjugate gradient method(HS-DY conjugate gradient method)and Rosen"s gradient projection method , and has proven it"s convergence under the Wolfe line search.In chapter 3 we have combined a descent algorithm of constraint question with Rosen"s gradient projection, and proposed a linear equality constraint optimization question"s new algorithm, and proposed a combining algorithm about this algorithm, then we have proven their convergence under the Wolfe line search, and has performed the numerical experimentation.

在第三章中我们将无约束问题的一类下降算法与Rosen投影梯度法相结合，将其推广到线性等式约束最优化问题，提出了线性等式约束最优化问题的一类投影下降算法，并提出了基于这类算法的混合算法，在Wolfe线搜索下证明了这两类算法的收敛性，并通过数值试验验证了算法的有效性。

Compared with women who never used HRT, risk of breast cancer was increased 4.6-fold for combined continuous HRT (95% CI, 2.39 - 8.84), 2.2-fold for combined-sequential HRT (not significant; 95% CI, 0.80 - 5.56) and 1.89-fold for estrogen-only HRT with estriol (not significant; 95% CI, 0.81 - 4.39). Five years after stopping HRT use, there was no increased risk.

持续采用含Progestin荷尔蒙取代疗法者会增加4.6倍的乳癌风险（95%信赖区间，2.39 - 8.84），间断采用含Progestin荷尔蒙取代疗法者会增加2.2倍的乳癌风险（无意义，95%信赖区间，0.80 - 5.56），单独使用estrogen荷尔蒙取代疗法会增加1.89倍的乳癌风险（无意义，95%信赖区间，0.81 - 4.39），5年后停止使用荷尔蒙取代疗法不会增加乳癌的风险。

The combined scheme of selective hydrogenation and etherization of FCC's light gasoline and hydrogenation desulfurization of heavy gasoline can make gasoline quality meet EURO IV Standard, indicating that this combined scheme is a feasible scheme selection for gasoline quality updating and upgrading.

FCC汽油实施加氢、醚化及重汽油加氢脱硫组合方案后，可使该汽油质量满足欧IV标准，说明该组合方案是实现汽油产品升级换代的一种可行的方案选择。

Results : The purity of the antibody was estimated to be greater than 90% after euglobulin precipitation combined with gel filtration, but less than 60% after ammonium sulfate precipitation combined with gel filtration.

腹水含有大量的杂蛋白，采用一步纯化法，不可能得到高纯度的IgM抗体，而多步骤纯化因耗时长，抗体活性损失大。

According to recent market condition, automobile advertisements are excursive, I think, they are necessary to combined with advertising campaign. Automobile is a durable consumption, its advertisement should be strategic, long-term planned, and combined with sales activities.

根据目前市场上汽车广告散漫的现状，我觉得汽车广告有必要与广告运动相结合，汽车作为一种耐用消费品，它的广告必须是战略性的，长久性的，而且是与营销活动相结合的。

Normal ocular station 10.98%, esophoria 19.36%, exophoria 11.17%, hyperphoria 19.22%, esophoria combined with hyperphoria 26.55%, exophoria combined with hyperphoria 12.72%.

本文对1.0以上视力的正常男性青年2185例隐斜检查作了统计分析，其结果如下：一，正位占10.98％，内隐斜占19.36％，外隐斜占11.17％。

Fiscal consumption budget should be divided into several parts, one of which should be combined into the public servant's salary; the rest that can't be combined should be allocated and consumed for its specified purpose; and abolish the traditional "finance pays for the bill" system.

由政府负责为在职公务员设立银行公积金个人账户，同时进一步深化公务员工资制度改革，逐步提高职务津贴等工资福利，使公务员的工资水平达到或接近社会中等收入水平。

But under Web 2.0, XML data based on RSS/ATOM/RDF/FOAF etc. are not combined with pages and websites , they are seperated and can implement synchronization, cohension and tranfer. By dealing with XML data, these contents can combined freely and can be displayed and processed by all kinds of application programs.(no matter Web programs or desktop programs).

而在Web 2.0下，基于RSS/ATOM/RDF/FOAF等的XML数据不再和页面、网站混粘在一起，它们被独立了出来，并能够实现同步、聚合和迁移，通过对XML数据的处理，这些内容能自由组合，能被各种应用程序（不论是Web程序还是桌面程序）呈现和处理。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。