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Institutions typically identified as Little Ivies include Amherst College, Bates College, Bowdoin College, Colby College, Connecticut College, Hamilton College, Haverford College, Middlebury College, Swarthmore College, Trinity College, Tufts University, Wesleyan University, and Williams College.

机构一般为小常春藤确定包括阿默斯特学院，贝茨学院，鲍登学院，科尔比学院，康涅狄格大学，汉密尔顿学院，哈佛学院，Middlebury学院，斯沃斯莫尔学院，三一学院，塔夫茨大学，卫斯理大学，威廉姆斯学院。

Pragmatic presupposition determines the choice of information focus and its position in a sentence,organizes the discourse into a coherent whole,concise,clear and smooth,and achieves the expected stylistic effects.in college english teaching,if teachers teach the knowledge about pragmatic presupposition in listening teaching,introduce the frequently-seen patterns of presupposition, increase the presuppositional sensitivity of students to certain words and structures,guide students to use the theory on presuppositional information to make forecasts on base of written listening material,listen purposefully,and get rid of the distraction of the minor and redundant information,the ability of students to obtain major information and linguistic inference will be strengthened and their listening competence will improve remarkably.george yule divided presuppositional triggers into factive presupposition,non-factive presupposition,counter-factive presupposition,existential presupposition,lexical presupposition and structural presupposition.presuppositional triggers are helpful for us to understand the true intention of the speaker or writer.in college english reading teaching,if teachers introduce the discourse organizing function of pragmatic presupposition and the relevant presupposition triggers,and teach students to use these triggers to communicate with the writer,the comprehension competence of students will be greatly enhanced.the essential function of presupposition is to build a framework for the further development of discourse.in college english writing teaching,teachers can use the theory on pragmatic presupposition to construct a handy training program for textual organization,increase the textual coherence, economy and structural perfection of the english writings by students.in college english translation teaching,teachers should focus on developing the pragmatic presuppositional thinking of students,enable them to grasp the presupposed information in source text / speech exactly,understand the original thoroughly,correctly reorganize and reproduce the pragmatic presuppositions in the target language,carry out the functional equivalence in translation and successfully realize the smooth and accurate communication.with the instruction of pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,the complete understanding and integral acquisition of english and chinese of students will come true.in conclusion,to implement the curriculum requirements for college english teaching promulgated by the ministry of education of china,we should emphasize the instruction of the theory on pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,carry it through from beginning to end.it's one of the important means to realize the college english teaching reform, improve the effects of college english teaching,strengthenr the practical and integrative language abilities of students,in order to cultivate the compound talents to adapt to the global integration and meet the requirements of the reform and opening in china.

在大学英语教学中，教师将语用预设知识贯穿于听力教学过程中，讲授一些常出现的预设类型，提高学生对一些特定的词语和结构的预设敏感度，引导学生运用预设信息理论对听力文字材料进行预测，有的放矢，排除次要、冗余信息的干扰，增强获取主要信息的能力和语言推理能力，从而提。。。更多高学生的听力理解水平。george yule将预设触发语分为事实预设、非事实预设、反事实预设、存在预设、词汇预设和结构预设，触发语有助于我们在阅读当中理解作者的真正用意。在大学英语阅读教学中，介绍语用预设的语篇组织功能和有关的预设触发语，并利用触发语来与作者进行交流，会极大地提高阅读理解能力。预设的基本功能就是为语篇的进一步发展建立一个框架。利用语用预设理论可以为大学英语写作教学构建一个易于操作的篇章组织训练方法，提高学生英语写作的语篇连贯性，经济性和结构优化。在大学英语翻译教学中，注重培养学生的语用预设思维，准确把握源语的前提信息，透彻理解原文，使语用预设在目的语中正确重组和再现，实现翻译的功能对等，交际的流畅性和准确性，并增强学生对英汉双语的全面性认识和整体性习得。综上所述，为更好地贯彻和实施教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，在大学英语教学中重视语用预设理论的传授，使语用预设贯穿于大学英语教学的始终，是实现大学英语教学改革的重要手段，改善大学英语教学效果，增强学生的实用综合语言能力，培养符合全球一体化趋势，适应改革开放要求的复合型人才。

N ow the university comprises the following institutions: the College of the Chinese Language, the College of Advanced Chinese Training ,the College of the Humanities (The Department of Teacher In Service Training), the College of Intensivefied Chinese Training,, the College of Foreign Languages, The Predeparture Training Center, the College of Further Education, the Network Education College, the Department of Basic Course Education, and the Department of Computer Science and Technology,The Finance Department..

北京语言大学的教学单位有：汉语学院、汉语进修学院、人文学院、汉语速成学院、、外国语学院、出国留学人员培训部、继续教育学院、网络教育学院、计算机科学与技术系、金融系等。

Based on ethnology theory, sociology and other subject perspectives, starting from cases of sample questionnaire and network of college students'national consciousness, it analyzes the basic characteristics of college students'national consciousness. Then, review the historical changing track of college students'consciousness Since the reform and opening time, and analyze the obsessional factors of college students'consciousness; and then, generalize some ordinary guiding and cultivating strategies. Taking the education of outlook on nation in Guangxi University for Nationalities for an example to introduce the facilitation experience of college students'national consciousness in national institutions. This provides effective reference to guiding and cultivating college students'national consciousness.

本文坚持以马克思主义的世界观和方***作指点，立足于民族理论、社会学等学科视角，从大学生民族意识的现实抽样问卷与网络表达的个案调查入手，剖析大学生民族意识的基本特性，接着，归顾改造开放以来大学生的民族意识历史演化轨迹并剖析大学生民族意识的现实困扰因素；入而，归纳普通院校大学生民族意识导育策略，并以广西民族大学民族观教育为例介绍民族院校的大学生民族意识导育经验，以期对高校大学生民族意识导育工作提供有效的借鉴。

The thesis analyzes deeply the questions of the college campus culture construction in the course of the college student"s innovation quality cultivation, such as the idea culture construction isn"t enough that made the college student"s innovation quality cultivation lack the source, the institutional culture construction lags to contrast with the society development that made the college student"s innovation quality cultivation lack the power, the administration system petrifies that made the college student"s innovation quality cultivation lack the harmony quality, the material environment construction has much superficies and little connotation that made the college student"s innovation quality cultivation lack the effect.

本文深入分析了当前校园文化建设在培养大学生创新素质中存在的问题，如观念文化建设不到位，使大学生创新素质培养缺乏源头；制度文化建设相对社会发展滞后，使大学生创新素质培养缺乏动因；管理体制僵化，使大学生创新素质培养缺乏协调性；物质环境建设多表象，少内涵，使大学生创新素质培养缺乏实效。

They include Cal Poly, Clemson (with a proposal from both its packaging and graphic communication departments), Eastern Kentucky University, Fox Valley Technical College, Maryland Institute College of Art, Massasoit Community College, Michigan State University, Northwest Arkansas Community College, Pennsylvania College of Technology, Thaddeus Stevens College, and Virginia Tech.

它们包括华航聚，克莱姆森（与一项建议，从它的包装和图形通信部门），东区肯塔基州大学，狐狸谷技术学院，马里兰大学学院艺术学院， massasoit社区学院，密歇根州立大学，西北阿肯色州的社区学院，宾夕法尼亚大学技术，项史蒂文斯学院和弗吉尼亚理工大学。

This study analyzed the current situation and figures out strategies to reinforce the college Dragon and Lion Dance :make culture into forerunner and give wide publicity about Dragon and Lion Dance culture in college;establish long-term development stratagem and management system; deeply dredge up advantage of the resource of college to enhance Dragon and Lion Dance of college ;strengthen the course and teaching reformation of college;go back to society and anabasis market to realize the continuance development model of produce-study-research .

针对目前我国高校龙狮运动的发展现状，本文提出并论证了今后我国高校龙狮运动的发展对策：以文化为先导，加大龙狮运动宣传力度；制定长远发展战略，建立健全管理体制；深入挖掘高校资源优势，做大做强龙狮项目；以课程改革为契机，加强高校龙狮运动课程与教学改革；加大高校龙狮运动师资培养力度；回归社会，进军市场，实现产学研一体化的可持续发展模式。

For instance purchase equipment unit: Qinghua University, Shandong University, Shandong agricultural college, Hebei Province agricultural college, Shanghai medical college, Beijing capital medical college, Nanjing medical college, Wuhan chemical industry institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, In the Suzhou nonmetalliferous ore research institute, Xinjiang the base natural purification high technology and new technology research institute, the Nanjing main source science and technology research institute, the Tianjin chemical industry research design institute, the Heilongjiang Province chemical industry research institute, the Hainan Province institute of pharmacology, the Chongqing treasure Xin group, the broad state established white group, the mansion Mungu dragon group seasoning company, in the Hsuchou graciousness China 药业 group, Kunming the friend group new material company, the Zhejiang Conn shell raises the face hall 药业 company, association abundant group Guizhou 药业, mountain Western Jin Dynasty new double crane 药业, Beijing double lucky 药业, Shanghai double-base 药业, the Shenzhen Jin'gang source new material science and technology development company, the North Sea fruit fragrant garden fruit juice limited company, the Jiangsu three instruments of torture aloe limited company, lucky fresh big Ze The spiral algae limited company, the rich farmer chemical industry company, the Hong Kong 沐 forest food industry group, the Jake mho industrial corporation, Ai Mote the company the Shanghai Kazak chemistry technology limited company, brightly reaches the labor trade limited liability company suddenly, the Jiangsu strength guarantees the building materials industry limited company, the Shanghai China valuable peacock essence spice limited company, user and so on Chongqing Asia mother substance technology company.

比如采购设备单位：、清华科技园股份有限公司，苏州非金属矿研究院、天津化工研究设计院、黑龙江省化工研究院、南京医科大学、武汉化工学院、武汉理工大学、海南省药物研究所、重庆钰鑫集团亚原生物技术公司、广州立白集团、厦门古龙集团、徐州恩华药业集团、南京蓝本科技研究所、河北省农业大学、昆明中友集团新材料公司、浙江康恩贝养颜堂药业公司、深圳金刚源新材料科技发展公司、北海果香园果汁有限公司、江苏三木芦荟有限公司、福清新大泽螺旋藻有限公司、富农化工公司、利农化工有限公司香港沐林食品工业集团、杰克姆工业公司、菲律宾国际医药公司、上海哈勃化学技术有限公司等用户。

Programs and 15 undergraduate programs. The university comprises of 11 teaching units, namely the College of the Chinese Language, the College of the Chinese Language Training, the College of Foreign Languages, the Predeparture Training Center, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences the College

学校现设有汉语学院、汉语进修学院、外国语学院、出国留学人员培训部、人文学院、汉语速成学院、继续教育学院、信息科学学院、金融系等教学单位。

Officiating guests at the opening ceremony were Prof Jack C Y Cheng, Pro-Vice-Chancellor; Prof John C K Lee, Dean of Education; Prof Youlian Hong, Chairman of organizing committee of ICCO 2008 and Chairman, Department of Sports Science and Physical Education; Prof Leung Yuen-sang, Head of Chung Chi College; Prof Henry N C Wong, Head of New Asia College; Prof Stephen H S Wong, Dean of Students, United College and Professor, Department of Sports Science and Physical Education; Ms Bonnie Kan, College Secretary, Shaw College and Dr Patrick Yung, Deputy Director, Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre.

开幕典礼之主礼嘉宾包括：中大副校长郑振耀教授、中大教育学院院长李子建教授、ICCO 2008 筹备委员会主席暨体育运动科学系系主任洪友廉教授、祟基学院院长梁元生教授、新亚书院院长黄乃正教授、联合书院辅导长暨体育运动科学系王香生教授、逸夫书院院务主任简丽嫦小姐及香港赛马会运动医学及健康科学中心执行总监容树恒医生。

The circulation, consumption and reproduction of the trilogy have not only testified to its historical significance and literariness, but also invested it with new meanings.

该三部曲的流通、消费与再生产不仅验证了其历史意义及文学性，而切还赋予它以新的意义。

If he thought that he could buy me off, he would be wrong.

如果他认为他可以收买我，那他就大错特错了。