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Institutions typically identified as Little Ivies include Amherst College, Bates College, Bowdoin College, Colby College, Connecticut College, Hamilton College, Haverford College, Middlebury College, Swarthmore College, Trinity College, Tufts University, Wesleyan University, and Williams College.

机构一般为小常春藤确定包括阿默斯特学院，贝茨学院，鲍登学院，科尔比学院，康涅狄格大学，汉密尔顿学院，哈佛学院，Middlebury学院，斯沃斯莫尔学院，三一学院，塔夫茨大学，卫斯理大学，威廉姆斯学院。

Pragmatic presupposition determines the choice of information focus and its position in a sentence,organizes the discourse into a coherent whole,concise,clear and smooth,and achieves the expected stylistic effects.in college english teaching,if teachers teach the knowledge about pragmatic presupposition in listening teaching,introduce the frequently-seen patterns of presupposition, increase the presuppositional sensitivity of students to certain words and structures,guide students to use the theory on presuppositional information to make forecasts on base of written listening material,listen purposefully,and get rid of the distraction of the minor and redundant information,the ability of students to obtain major information and linguistic inference will be strengthened and their listening competence will improve remarkably.george yule divided presuppositional triggers into factive presupposition,non-factive presupposition,counter-factive presupposition,existential presupposition,lexical presupposition and structural presupposition.presuppositional triggers are helpful for us to understand the true intention of the speaker or writer.in college english reading teaching,if teachers introduce the discourse organizing function of pragmatic presupposition and the relevant presupposition triggers,and teach students to use these triggers to communicate with the writer,the comprehension competence of students will be greatly enhanced.the essential function of presupposition is to build a framework for the further development of discourse.in college english writing teaching,teachers can use the theory on pragmatic presupposition to construct a handy training program for textual organization,increase the textual coherence, economy and structural perfection of the english writings by students.in college english translation teaching,teachers should focus on developing the pragmatic presuppositional thinking of students,enable them to grasp the presupposed information in source text / speech exactly,understand the original thoroughly,correctly reorganize and reproduce the pragmatic presuppositions in the target language,carry out the functional equivalence in translation and successfully realize the smooth and accurate communication.with the instruction of pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,the complete understanding and integral acquisition of english and chinese of students will come true.in conclusion,to implement the curriculum requirements for college english teaching promulgated by the ministry of education of china,we should emphasize the instruction of the theory on pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,carry it through from beginning to end.it's one of the important means to realize the college english teaching reform, improve the effects of college english teaching,strengthenr the practical and integrative language abilities of students,in order to cultivate the compound talents to adapt to the global integration and meet the requirements of the reform and opening in china.

在大学英语教学中，教师将语用预设知识贯穿于听力教学过程中，讲授一些常出现的预设类型，提高学生对一些特定的词语和结构的预设敏感度，引导学生运用预设信息理论对听力文字材料进行预测，有的放矢，排除次要、冗余信息的干扰，增强获取主要信息的能力和语言推理能力，从而提。。。更多高学生的听力理解水平。george yule将预设触发语分为事实预设、非事实预设、反事实预设、存在预设、词汇预设和结构预设，触发语有助于我们在阅读当中理解作者的真正用意。在大学英语阅读教学中，介绍语用预设的语篇组织功能和有关的预设触发语，并利用触发语来与作者进行交流，会极大地提高阅读理解能力。预设的基本功能就是为语篇的进一步发展建立一个框架。利用语用预设理论可以为大学英语写作教学构建一个易于操作的篇章组织训练方法，提高学生英语写作的语篇连贯性，经济性和结构优化。在大学英语翻译教学中，注重培养学生的语用预设思维，准确把握源语的前提信息，透彻理解原文，使语用预设在目的语中正确重组和再现，实现翻译的功能对等，交际的流畅性和准确性，并增强学生对英汉双语的全面性认识和整体性习得。综上所述，为更好地贯彻和实施教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，在大学英语教学中重视语用预设理论的传授，使语用预设贯穿于大学英语教学的始终，是实现大学英语教学改革的重要手段，改善大学英语教学效果，增强学生的实用综合语言能力，培养符合全球一体化趋势，适应改革开放要求的复合型人才。

Therefore this same holy general synod, representing the universal church and sitting as a tribunal in the aforesaid inquiry, pronounces, decrees and declares by this definitive sentence written here, that the same Peter de Luna, called Benedict XIII as has been said, has been and is a perjurer, a cause of scandal to the universal church, a promoter and breeder of the ancient schism, that long established fission and division in God's holy church, an obstructer of the peace and unity of the said church, a schismatic disturber and a heretic, a deviator from the faith, a persistent violator of the article of the faith One holy catholic church, incorrigible, notorious and manifest in his scandal to God's church, and that he has rendered himself unworthy of every title, rank, honour and dignity, rejected and cut off by God, deprived by the law itself of every right in any way belonging to him in the papacy or pertaining to the Roman pontiff and the Roman church, and cut off from the catholic church like a withered member.

因此，这同样圣地一般主教，普世教会和休憩作为一个法庭在上述的调查，判决，法令，并宣布这个确切的句子写在这里，同彼得德月球，称为本笃十三，正如人们所说的，已是一个perjurer ，引起丑闻，以普世教会，是推动和种鸡的古代裂，即确立已久的裂变，分化，在上帝的圣教会，妨碍了和平与团结的说，教会， schismatic disturber和邪教组织，偏从信念，持续违反者的文章的信仰圣地之一，天主教教会的，不可救药的，恶名昭彰的，并表现在他的丑闻，以上帝的教会，并说，他已令自己辜负每一个名称，职级，荣誉和尊严，拒绝了，并切断被上帝所剥夺，法律本身的每一项权利以任何方式属于他的在教皇或有关罗马教皇与罗马教会，并切断由天主教教会像一个干枯的成员。

This most holy general synod of Constance, legitimately assembled in the holy Spirit, having invoked Christ's name and holding God alone before its eyes, having seen the articles drawn up and presented in this case against the lord pope John XXIII, the proofs brought forward, his spontaneous submission and the whole process of the case, and having deliberated maturely on them, pronounces, decrees and declares by this definitive sentence which it commits to writing: that the departure of the aforesaid lord pope John XXIII from this city of Constance and from this sacred general council, secretly and at a suspicious hour of the night, in disguised and indecent dress, was and is unlawful, notoriously scandalous to God's church and to this council, disturbing and damaging for the church's peace and unity, supportive of this long-standing schism, and at variance with the vow, promise and oath made by the said lord pope John to God, to the church and to this sacred council; that the said lord pope John has been and is a notorious simoniac, a notorious destroyer of the goods and rights not only of the Roman church but also of other churches and of many pious places, and an evil administrator and dispenser of the church's spiritualities and temporalities; that he has notoriously scandalised God's church and the christian people by his detestable and dishonest life and morals, both before his promotion to the papacy and afterwards until the present time, that by the above he has scandalised and is scandalising in a notorious fashion God's church and the christian people; that after due and charitable warnings, frequently reiterated to him, he obstinately persevered in the aforesaid evils and thereby rendered himself notoriously incorrigible; and that on account of the above and other crimes drawn from and contained in the said process against him, he should be deprived of and deposed from, as an unworthy, useless and damnable person, the papacy and all its spiritual and temporal administration.

这个最神圣的总主教的人Constance ，合法地聚集在圣灵的，有引用基督的名字和控股只有上帝面前，其眼睛，看过的文章，制定并提出了在这种情况下，对主教宗若望二十三世，论证，提出了，他的自发意见书，并在整个过程中的案件，并经商议成熟对他们的判决，法令，并宣布这个确切的一句话，它致力于写作：即离境的上述主教宗若望二十三世，从这个城市的人Constance从这片神圣的总理事会，偷偷和一名形迹可疑小时的通宵，变相及不雅着装，过去和现在都是非法的，众所周知的丑闻，以上帝的教会和本局，扰乱和损害了教会的和平与团结，支持这个长-常委会裂，并在差异与发誓，承诺与宣誓，由勋爵说，教皇约翰向上帝，向教堂，并把这一神圣的议会；表示勋爵说，教皇约翰一直是一个恶名昭彰的simoniac ，劣迹斑斑的驱逐舰该货物的权利，不仅对罗马教会，而且对其他教会和许多虔诚的地方，以及一个邪恶的管理员及配药的教会的spiritualities和temporalities ；他出名scandalised上帝的地下教会和基督徒的人，由他的可恨和不诚实的生命和道德的，无论是以前，他晋升为教皇，后来就目前为止的时候，即是由上述他scandalised是scandalising在一个恶名昭彰的时装上帝的地下教会和基督教人民，即在经过适当和慈善警告，经常重申，以他，但他硬是坚持了上述弊病，从而变成自己出名不可救药的，并认为是考虑到上述及其他罪行得出，并包含在说的过程中对他的，他就应该被剥夺和被废黜的，从作为一个不配；无用damnable的人，教宗和所有它的精神和时间管理。

N ow the university comprises the following institutions: the College of the Chinese Language, the College of Advanced Chinese Training ,the College of the Humanities (The Department of Teacher In Service Training), the College of Intensivefied Chinese Training,, the College of Foreign Languages, The Predeparture Training Center, the College of Further Education, the Network Education College, the Department of Basic Course Education, and the Department of Computer Science and Technology,The Finance Department..

北京语言大学的教学单位有：汉语学院、汉语进修学院、人文学院、汉语速成学院、、外国语学院、出国留学人员培训部、继续教育学院、网络教育学院、计算机科学与技术系、金融系等。

We believe that the church, consisting of all true believers, being Christ's own, and indwelt by the Holy Spirit, is the Body of Christ, the invisible church; that the church is holy, universal, and one in Christ; that the invisible church manifests itself in the visible church, local congregations consisting of all who profess to believe in Christ and are baptized; that as the people of God and a kingdom of priests the church is called to grow unto the stature of the fullness of Christ and to fulfill her mission through the exercise of the gifts of the Holy Spirit, in worship, sacraments, fellowship, discipline, and service.

所有真信徒属於基督，是圣灵的居所，是基督的身体，亦是无形的教会；教会在基督里是圣洁、普世性与合一的。无形的教会藉有形的教会表明出来，地方的教会包括一切心信口认基督而且接受洗礼，作为上帝的子民、祭司的国度。教会必须渐渐长大，满有基督长成的身量，藉著运用圣灵的恩赐在崇拜、圣礼、团契、纪律与服事、见证等事上完成宣教的圣工。

Of the Notes or Signs of the True Church. Moreover, as we acknowledge no other head of the Church than Christ, so we do not acknowledge every church to be the true Church which vaunts herself to be such; but we teach that the true Church is that in which the signs or marks of the true Church are to be found, especially the lawful and sincere preaching of the Word of God as it was delivered to us in the books of the prophets and the apostles, which all lead us unto Christ, who said in the Gospel: My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me; and I give unto them eternal life.

该债券或标志的真正教堂，而且，正如我们承认没有其他教会的头比基督的，所以我们不承认每一个教会是真正的教会，其中vaunts自己是这样，但我们教导说，真正的教会就是在这标志或标志的真正教会被发现，尤其是合法的和真诚的说教的上帝的话，因为它是在向我们在书籍的先知和使徒，这一切导致我们所不欲，基督他说，在福音中说：我的羊听我的声音，我知道他们，他们跟著我走；我请赐给他们永恒的生命。

Plus I've been to prayer meetings, home meetings, small groups, Sunday School, and I've been to potluck suppers, church picnics, church hayrides, church swimming parties, church cantatas, church revivals, and church business meetings.

加上我参加的祷告会、家庭聚会、小组聚会、主日学，还有我参加过的聚餐、教会野餐、教会出游、教会游泳聚会、教会合唱、教会复兴、教会商业会议等等，更是难以计算。

Based on ethnology theory, sociology and other subject perspectives, starting from cases of sample questionnaire and network of college students'national consciousness, it analyzes the basic characteristics of college students'national consciousness. Then, review the historical changing track of college students'consciousness Since the reform and opening time, and analyze the obsessional factors of college students'consciousness; and then, generalize some ordinary guiding and cultivating strategies. Taking the education of outlook on nation in Guangxi University for Nationalities for an example to introduce the facilitation experience of college students'national consciousness in national institutions. This provides effective reference to guiding and cultivating college students'national consciousness.

本文坚持以马克思主义的世界观和方***作指点，立足于民族理论、社会学等学科视角，从大学生民族意识的现实抽样问卷与网络表达的个案调查入手，剖析大学生民族意识的基本特性，接着，归顾改造开放以来大学生的民族意识历史演化轨迹并剖析大学生民族意识的现实困扰因素；入而，归纳普通院校大学生民族意识导育策略，并以广西民族大学民族观教育为例介绍民族院校的大学生民族意识导育经验，以期对高校大学生民族意识导育工作提供有效的借鉴。

The thesis analyzes deeply the questions of the college campus culture construction in the course of the college student"s innovation quality cultivation, such as the idea culture construction isn"t enough that made the college student"s innovation quality cultivation lack the source, the institutional culture construction lags to contrast with the society development that made the college student"s innovation quality cultivation lack the power, the administration system petrifies that made the college student"s innovation quality cultivation lack the harmony quality, the material environment construction has much superficies and little connotation that made the college student"s innovation quality cultivation lack the effect.

本文深入分析了当前校园文化建设在培养大学生创新素质中存在的问题，如观念文化建设不到位，使大学生创新素质培养缺乏源头；制度文化建设相对社会发展滞后，使大学生创新素质培养缺乏动因；管理体制僵化，使大学生创新素质培养缺乏协调性；物质环境建设多表象，少内涵，使大学生创新素质培养缺乏实效。

Just so you know where we're going...

只要让你知道我们的目标。。。

One of his friends acted as the gobetween in his business.

在这件事中，他的一个朋友充当了中间人。