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A pair of primers was designed according to the coat protein gene of Arabis mosaic viru and used to amplify a 990 bp partial gene of the cp by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the 990 bp partial gene was cloned into the pEGX-9p-1, a prokaryotic expression vector fused with GST. The recombinant vector was transformed into E. coli BL21. The fusion protein was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 induced with the IPTG at 37℃.

依据报道的ArMV外壳蛋白基因(coat Protein， Cp)序列设计引物，通过RT-PCR 扩增得到长约990bp的ArMV cp基因亲水基团部分片段，将目的片断克隆到原核表达载体pEGX-6p-1中，构建ArMV cp基因与GST蛋白融合表达载体pEGX-cp，重组载体化大肠杆菌BL21，经IPITG诱导后，融合蛋白GST-cp得到了特异表达。

Results:The level of total anaerobic population and total aerobic population of excrement specimens of three kinds of IBS sufferers were different significantly, particularly the level of bifidobacterium and cillobacterium(P.01);the level of bacteroid population was higher significantly in diarrhea-predominant and mixed type of IBS sufferers (P.01);the level of enterococcus population was higher significantly in diarrhea-predominant IBS sufferers(P.05);among the aerobes, the number of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus colonies were increased by different level(P.01or0.05) in the IBS suffers, in particular, the number of Escherichia coli colonies in diarrhea-predominant IBS sufferers increased most significantly.

结果：三种类型的IBS患者粪便中总厌氧菌群和需氧菌群数目与健康人差异明显，特别是双歧杆菌属和乳酸杆菌属明显减少（P.01；拟杆菌菌落数在腹泻型和混合型IBS患者中明显增加（P.01）；肠球菌菌落数在腹泻型IBS患者中明显增加（P.05）；需氧菌中患者组大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌菌落数均不同程度增加（P.01或0.05），大肠杆菌菌落数在腹泻型IBS患者中增加最明显。

Objective:to study the level of total anaerobic population, total aerobic population, four kinds of anaerobes and two kinds of aerobes in excrement of sufferers of varies kinds of irritable bowel syndrome and that of normal persons.methods:excrement specimens from 52 ibs sufferers of different kinds and that of 18 normal volunteers were collected, and the level of four kinds of anaerobes and two kinds of aerobes were quantified.results:the level of total anaerobic population and total aerobic population of excrement specimens of three kinds of ibs sufferers were different significantly, particularly the level of bifidobacterium and cillobacterium(p.01);the level of bacteroid population was higher significantly in diarrhea-predominant and mixed type of ibs sufferers (p.01);the level of enterococcus population was higher significantly in diarrhea-predominant ibs sufferers(p.05);among the aerobes, the number of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus colonies were increased by different level(p.01or0.05) in the ibs suffers, in particular, the number of escherichia coli colonies in diarrhea-predominant ibs sufferers increased most significantly.conclusion:sufferers of different types of ibs have different intestinal tract dysbacteria phenotypes.

目的：了解不同类型肠易激综合征患者和健康状况正常的人粪便中总厌氧菌群和需氧菌群及常见的4种厌氧菌和2种需氧菌的含量情况。方法：对临床上确诊的各类型ibs患者共52例和18例健康状况正常的志愿者，采集粪便标本进行总厌氧菌群和需氧菌群及常见的4种厌氧菌和2种需氧菌定量检测。

To study and know well the rudimentary knowledge and the basic techniques of modern Microbiology are demanded for Graduate students. The experiments including the principle and operation of phase contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope; Microphotography , the technique of photographic enlargement;Applications of polymerase chain reaction ; Construction, transformation and detection of plasmid in E.coli ; Infectivity of virus and its molecular detection ; The technique of protoplast fusion in filamentary fungi ; Induction and purification of β-galactosidase from E.coli and assay the enzyme activity; Detection of GC content and DNA-DNA hybridization in bacteria ; Production , extraction and detection of poly--hyduoxy butyrate from bacteria.

以实验教学为主，要求研究生学习和掌握一些现代微生物学研究所需的基本技术，内容包括：相差显微镜、荧光显微镜的使用和显微摄影技术，PCR技术的应用，细菌质粒的构建、转化及检测技术，病毒的侵染性及其分子检测技术，丝状真菌原生质体融合技术，大肠杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶的分离及纯化及其动力学测定技术，细菌G+C mol%的测定及细菌DNA-DNA杂交技术和聚羟基丁酸产生菌的发酵、产物提取及检测技术等。

Sequence structure of a cloned gene is an important factor to determine its expression level in E.coli. In this paper, we studied the expression of a fragement of HIV-1 gp120 gene and a fragement of choler toxin A subunit gene in E.coli using a new expression strategyoptimizing the gene sequence as a whole.

外源基因的序列结构是影响外源基因在大肠杆菌中表达的重要因素，我们采用基于"外源基因全序列结构优化"的新的表达策略，研究了HIV-1 gp120-801和霍乱毒素A亚单位(CTA-246)基因在大肠杆菌中的表达情况。

Results Ganmaofang had definite bacteriostatic action on standard strain of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli, and clinical dissociative strain of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsislla pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus simulans and beta streptococcus in vitro. Its MIC is between 0.075 g/mL and 0.2 g/mL. Ganmaofang could prolong the survival time of mouse infected by staphylococcus aureus and decrease the mortality of ill mouse, meanwhile it could enhance the survival rate of mouse infected by pneumoniae diplococcus.

结果感冒方体外对标准菌株金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和临床分离菌株金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、表皮葡萄球菌、中葡萄球菌、溶葡萄球菌、乙型链球菌具有一定的抑菌作用，MIC 0.075~0.2 g/mL，体内可延长金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的存活时间和减少感染小鼠的病死率，对肺炎双球菌感染小鼠可提高感染小鼠的存活率。

Coli HB101 expressed fimbriae as well as E. coli HB101 indicating the involvement of MrkF in fimbriation.

此外，基因重组大肠杆菌HB101与HB101皆能产生纤毛，显示MrkF可能参与纤毛组装过程。

Department of Microbiology and Immunology is primarily dedicated to teaching and research in protein secretion in Escherichia coli, cell wall synthesis and cell division in Escherichia coli, interactions and functions of proteins, mechanism of DNA replication arrest, microbial pathogenesis, microbial genetics, immunodeficiency, immunogenetics, infectious diseases, molecular biology, etc.

微生物学与免疫学系主要致力于微生物学与免疫学的教学与研究，其研究领域包括大肠杆菌的蛋白质分泌，大肠杆菌细胞壁合成和细胞分裂，蛋白质的相互作用和功能，DNA 复制抑制机理，微生物致病机理，微生物遗传学，免疫缺陷，遗传学，传染病，分子生物学等。

METHODS: Escherichia coli genomic DNA was extracted and purified from Escherichia coli 25922 by alkaline lysis method.

目的：探讨细菌DNA是否参与全身性炎症反应综合征的发生及其可能机制。

Analysis of nuclear extracts of human cells has indicated a similar excision repair mechanism for nick-directed mismatch correction in higher cells, and several reconstituted systems that rely on purified human proteins have been described, such as hMutSα、hMutSβ、hMutLα. Recently, scientists discovered that nickel could be inhibitors of DNA repair. Nickel can greatly enhance the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of compounds in cigarette by inhibiting the nucleotide excision repair pathway in human cells. We have confirmed that nickel could inhibit MMR of E. coli and human and presumed that nickel inhibited repair before MutH incision of the MMR in E. coli. However, there is no evidence of mechanism of nickel inhibiting MMR in human cells.

镍是存在於香菸中的微量金属，近年来有学者发现镍是DNA修复反应的抑制剂，长期抽烟的人会容易因为香菸中化合物攻击DNA而引起突变，进而引起肺癌，而镍会抑制核苷酸移除修复系统（nucleotide excision repair；NER），所以使得体内的DNA损伤无法修复；过去实验室已经证实大肠杆菌的核酸配对错误修复系统会受到镍等重金属的抑制，并且推测出镍的抑制反应是抑制在修复反应的上游nicking的步骤；另外，也证实了人类的核酸配对错误修复系统也会受到镍的抑制，然而还没研究证实会抑制在核酸配对错误修复反应的哪个步骤。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失