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Therefore, with some engineering and biological measures, after some pioneer trees are planted in extremely degraded tropical areas,the pioneer forest should be reformed by multilayer and multispecies broad leaved mixed forest in time, wihich could accelerate the development of artificial forest into local climax community.

因此，对于极度退化的热带丘陵台地区，在一定工程和生物措施基础上，用先锋绿化树种造林成功后，及时用多层多种的阔叶混交林改造原有先锋林，可以加速人工林向地带性植被类型演替。

Tree species diversity in the secondary forest was significantly lower than that in montane moist evergreen broadleaved forest at climax stage as compared by Shannon-wiener index, Simpson's diversity index, and Fisher's index.

以Shannon-Wiener指数H、Simpson指数D和Fisher指数α计算了栎类次生林的树种多样性(H=1.42±0.27；D=0.65±0.09；α=2.59±1.16)，并与中山湿性常绿阔叶林的树种多样性进行了比较，结果显示处於演替顶级阶段的中山湿性常绿阔叶林具有更高的树种多样性。

The comparison of fine root biomass and belowground C and N storage among the Korean pine and broad-leaved climax forest, three dark-conifer forests, a betula ermanii forest along the altitudinal gradient

因此，细根由于其生长迅速、周转率较快，而且可以在较深的土壤中分布，成为生态系统中土壤碳、氮的重要来源。

Although all vegetation is secondary in character, the mature forests can be thought as the climax monsoon EBLF partly because forest area around a Buddhist temple in the centre of the park is believed to have been protected from complete clearance.

对有机碳库(-37.71％)、氮库(-48.39％)和磷库(-35.17％)削减效应最大的退化类型为成熟常绿阔叶林退化为次生林，其余退化类型也都不同程度的导致了土壤有机碳库和氮磷养分库含量的下降，唯一特别的是，在次生林退化为灌丛时土壤氮库含量有所增加(+1.31％)，以及灌丛退化为灌草丛时土壤磷库含量有所增加(+4.56％)。

The process of natural succession of restoring vegetation in central Guizhou after rocky desertification in Karst area was divided into the herbosa stage, the stage of herbosa-shrub, the stage of vine-shrub, the stage of subaltern tree forest and the climax stage.

黔中喀斯特地区石漠化后，植被恢复自然演替过程可分为草丛阶段、草灌阶段、藤刺灌丛阶段、次生乔林阶段和顶级群落阶段。

7Gm〓 in the 20 yr forest, 1139. 8gm〓 in the 80 yr forest and 912. 4 gm〓 in the climax forest, respectively. However, along with forest succession, the dominant tree species fine root annual production increases, whereas other arboreal and grass fine root annual production decreases.

白桦山杨幼林、白桦山杨成熟林与原始阔叶红松林中，细根年生长量分别为712.7gm〓、1139.8gm〓和912.4gm〓；但是，随着演替的进行，林地主要树种细根的年生产量会逐渐增加，其它木本和草本细根的年生产量则逐渐降低。

In the 20 yr forest, 304. 6gm〓 C and 11. 6gm〓 N are inputted to the soil. In the 80 yr forest, 502. 3gm〓 C and 17. 2gm〓 N are inputted to the soil. In the climax forest, 430.3gm〓 C and 11. 9gm〓 N are inputted to the soil. Along with forest succession, the C inputted to the soil B layer by fine root increases because of the deepening of root depth distribution.

白桦山杨幼林、白桦山杨成熟林与原始阔叶红松林中，细根每年向林地周转的碳量分别为304.6gm〓、502.3gm〓、430.3gm〓，氮量分别为11.6gm〓、17.2gm〓、11.9gm〓；其中，随着演替的进行，由于根系分布的加深，细根每年向土壤B层周转的碳量会逐渐增加。

The forest was characterized with phanerophyte evergreen plants with single-mesophyll-leathery leaves, which reflected the nature of tropical Karst mountainous seasonal rain forest.(2). Community succession was divided into five stages by using Cluster method, PCA method; the succesion stages include herbaceous stage, scrub-shrub stage, small tree stage, arbor stage and climax seasonal rain forest stage.(3). Based on similarity theory, succession sere was constructed with the community similarity equation formed.

结果表明：(1)森林群落在外貌上，以常绿高位芽、单叶、革质、中型叶植物为主，反映了热带岩溶山地季雨林的特点；(2)运用聚类分析、PCA排序等方法将群落演替阶段划分为草本群落阶段、灌丛阶段、小乔木阶段、乔林阶段、顶极季雨林阶段；(3)运用相似学原理，组建群落间相似度方程并以此方程构建了群落演替系列；(4)研究表明桂西南岩溶区生态系统健康受到严重胁迫。

From the high altitude to the low altitude, the forest type is the betula ermanii forest, the moss-betula ermanii dark-conifer forest, the dark-conifer forest, the moss-pinus koraiensis dark-conifer forest, and the Korean pine and broad-leaved climax forest.

长白山北坡主要原始森林生态系统由高海拔到低海拔分别为：岳桦林、苔藓岳桦暗针叶林、山地中部暗针叶林、苔藓红松暗针叶林、原始阔叶红松林。

This is the climax of the creative process.

这是高潮的创作过程。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。