查询词典 climate

The study has shown:(1) With increasing sediment depth and the woody giblets, the total organic carbon, the extraction of benzene , the total humic acids and the unhydrolyte are enhanced, while the hydrolyte is decreasing.(2) According to the GC-MS analysis, n-alkane,n-alkan-2-ones and n-alkanones are composed mainly of long-chains,such a result is thought to be characteristic of a herbaceous input from 2300a.B.P. n-alkanones exist in the samples may be considered as the evidence of microorganisms activity.(3) It is showed that the lipids is more sensitive to the climate change than the floristic. The proxy of the pollen spore of the peat stratum is different from the normal environment proxy. It is one of the main reasons that the sensitivity difference of the bog vegetation reacting to the climate isn't accordant with the log of the fat molecule fossil and biology fossil.(4) The transformation of the peat organic carbon is under the influence of temperature,acidity,organic material constituting, etc, and it showed the up-trend with the depth. In the short-term scale, the conversion of the peat organic carbon is effected by seasonal water,regional climate and vegetations; while in the long-term scale, it is controlled mainly by the climate.(5) According to the comparing the orderliness of organic compound,vegetation giblets with the depth to the characteristics of the peat molecule fossil with the section, in the development of this peatmire, 1500a B.P（210cm）is regard as the borderline of the late Holocene, the keynote of the front period is warm with several cold fluctuations, and the trend of the back period is dry and cold although there were several fluctuations.

研究表明：（1）随深度的增高及植物残体中木本残体的增多，总有机碳、苯萃取物、总腐植酸、不被水解物含量逐渐增高，而易水解物含量减少；（2）GC- MS分析显示，正构烷烃，直链烷基2-酮和正烷醇均以长链组分为主，揭示了该泥炭柱剖面2347a.B.P的母源输入以草本植物为主；甲基酮类和短链正烷醇的存在是微生物活性很大的生物证据；（3）通过有机分子标志物与孢粉、植物残体等指标的对比研究表明：脂类化合物对气候变化的反映要比植物种灵敏得多，不同沼泽植物对气候变化的敏感性的差异是脂类分子化石记录与生物大化石结果很难一致的主要原因之一；（4）泥炭有机碳的转化受到温度、酸度、有机物质组成等很多因素的影响，短时间尺度，泥炭有机碳的转化受季节性降水、地方气候和植被等因素的影响；长时间尺度，泥炭地有机碳的转化，受气候条件控制；（5）总结泥炭分子化石特征、泥炭有机质各组分含量及植物残体组成随深度的变异规律，分析结果显示该泥炭地层形成过程中，1500a B.P（210cm）可作为划分前后晚全新世的界线，前期的基调是气候偏暖，但又有几次偏干冷气候的反复，后期气候以干冷为主，其间虽有几次上升波动，但整体趋势不变。

Based on the two proxies of climate change - tree-ring and stalagmite, combining them with the historical documents, the author discusses the history and effects of climate change about 200 years in Kunming, In this dissertation, the author infers the possibility of climate change for the next five years, ten years, and fifty years; Then get a Synthetic result of historical climate change.

在对树轮和石笋这两类气候变化自然代用资料研究的基础上，结合历史文献资料，分析了近200年昆明地区气候变化的历史和影响，并对昆明地区未来5年、10年和50年气候变化的可能性进行推测，形成了这三类资料支持之下，对历史气候的集成研究成果。

Based on the ecological characteristics, climate and humidity condition for the vegetation of the sporopollen from the both of the wells, the palaeovegetation types have been reconstructed. The result shows that the paleoclimate changes from tropical semiarid-subhumid climate to subhumid mid subtropical climate to subhumid south subtropical climate.

通过对两口钻井的孢粉植被类型、气温带和干湿度类型及孢粉谱的进一步分析，可将泉头组-青山口组沉积期的气候变化划分为三个演化阶段，自下向上依次为半干半湿的热带气候——半湿润的中亚热带气候——半湿润的南亚热带气候。

During ～2.68-2.45 Ma, the vegetation was dominated by arbores, mainly Pinus, Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia, indicating a cold warm climate in the mountain region. During ～2.45-2.11 Ma, herbs increased rapidly and the climate became dry-cold, indicating the characteristic of the bushveld climate. During 2.11-1.49 Ma, the quantity and species of the herbs reached the culmination and the bush increased accordingly, showing that the climate became more and more arid. During 1.49-1.36 Ma, herbs declined slightly but pteridophytes increased relatively greatly, revealing a dry-cold grassland climate.

约在2.68～2.45Ma期间，植被以乔木为主，主要为松、藜、蒿，属山地寒温气候；约在 2.45～2.11Ma期间，草本植物迅速上升，气候变得干旱寒冷，显示出灌木草原气候特征；在2.11～1.49Ma期间，草本植物数量和种类达到之最，灌木相对增加，也显示气候进一步趋于干旱；在1.49～1.36Ma期间，草本植物有小幅下降，但蕨类植物增加幅度较大，显示了干冷草原气候特征。

These simulations focused on the major factors driving Cretaceous climate changes and the critical time periods of the climate change, and tested the internal and external forcing in the earth climate system and the feedback effects among various spheres of the earth system, thus providing us an understanding of the mechanism of greenhouse climate and an important scientific basis for projection of the future climate changes.

这些古气候模拟试验锁定在气候变化的关键时段和驱动因子、测试地球内外动力和地球各圈层反馈作用，可为认识温室气候的成因、探讨气候变化内在机制和预测未来气候提供重要的科学依据。

From 6860 to 3170 cal.yr BP,semi-desert steppeexpanded,regional montane forest steppe retreated,suggesting a prolonged warm and dryclimate.Between 3170 and 2340 cal.yr BP,regional forest steppe expanded whereassemi-desert steppe retreated,indicating the climate became cool and wet gradually and thehumidity reached the maximum at the end of this stage.During 2340～1600 cal.yr BP,Poaceae steppe dominated whereas wetland meadow expanded and the montane forest stepperetreated,suggesting a cool and wet climate prevailed,wormwood grass steppe prevailed andthe climatic instability increased after 1600 cal.a BEThe climate and environmental reconstructions by pollen were supported by the diatomrecords.A relative high lake level and moister climate prevailed between 8660 and 7230 cal.yr BP as inferred by the dominance of planktonic diatom genera and high planktonic/benthicratio (〉40).low lake level and dry climate sustained during 7230～2330 cal.yr BP assuggested by the low abundance of planktonic diatom and low planktonic/benthic ratio ～20and the lake returned to high level during 2330～930 cal.yr BP as inferred by there-dominance of the planktonic diatom and the high value of palnktonic/benthic ratio.The pollen-based climate reconstruction was also consolidated by the grain size andPediastrum concentration records.

Ugii Nuur湖周围现代孢粉研究表明：松属为空气传播的外来花粉，其含量变化可能指示了远山森林草原发育状况；禾本科具显著低代表性，母体植物建群时含量通常在10％以下：藜科花粉含量可以指示区域气候干旱程度。2、以现代孢粉研究为基础、可靠AMS~(14)C年代为框架，Ugii Nuur孢粉记录高分辨率地重建了蒙古国中部地区过去8660 cal.yr BP以来的植被和气候变化。8660～7800 cal.yr BP研究区植被为禾草草原，湖畔及河谷低地发育苔草草甸，远山发育松属针叶林和森林草原，气候温和略湿润；其中8350～8250 cal.yr BP湿生草甸扩张，旱生植物成分减少，气候凉湿。7800～6860 cal.yr BP旱生成分增加，气候转向暖干。6860～3170 cal.yrBP半荒漠草原扩张，远山森林草原退缩，山地草原和河谷及湖畔湿生草甸退缩，气候持续暖干。3170～2340 cal.yr BP半荒漠草原退缩，远山森林草原扩张，气候转凉变湿，末期湿度条件达最佳。2340～1600 cal.yr BP禾草草原发育，湖畔及河谷低地湿生草甸扩张，远山森林草原略有退缩，气候总体较凉湿。1600 cal.yr BP以来研究区发育禾草-冷蒿草原，气候波动较大。

Three regional climate models (MM4,RegCM2 and P-σ incorporated coordinate model)have been used to simulate the regional climate over eastern China in July .It is found that these three models have different performances in simulating different climate elements such as 500 hPa geopotential high field ,temperature fields,sea level pressure and rainy belt location.The results are important for developing regional climate model system which is suitable for eastern China and improving the simulation and forecast results.

利用MM4中尺度数值模式、RegCM2模式和P-σ混合坐标五层区域气候模式，以GFDL多年平均的6月份气候场作初始场，对我国东部地区7月份的区域气候进行数值模拟，比较、检验了三个模式模拟中国东部区域气候的性能，发现对500 hPa高度场、温度场、海平面气压场、雨带位置等不同的模拟对象，三个模式各有优劣，其结果对于发展适合我国东部地区的区域气候模式系统、改进模拟和预测效果具有一定的参考意义。

Based on the review of the successive four assessment reports of the IPCC WGII on climate change impacts on streamflow from 1990 to 2007, it is summarized that the First and Second Assessment Reports were regarded as the first generation studies, featuring the impacts of mean climate change on streamflow and the adaptation to it, while the Third and Forth (AR4) Assessment Reports as second generation studies, emphasizing the impacts of anthropogenically forced and natural climate changes on streamflow and the adaptation to them. The progresses and issues in the research methodologies of the impacts of climate change on hydrology and water resources are analyzed.

在回顾IPCC于1990-2007年4次关于气候变化对径流影响的评估报告进展的基础上，将第一次与第二次评估报告归纳为第一代--以气候均值变化对径流影响及其适应为主要特征；第三次与第四次评估报告为第二代--突出人为气候变化与自然气候变异对径流影响及其适应问题，分析了常规的气候变化对水文水资源影响评估方法的发展过程及存在的问题。

Water Resources Information Center, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100053, ChinaAbstract : Based on the review of the successive four assessment reports of the IPCC WGII on climate change impacts on streamflow from 1990 to 2007, it is summarized that the First and Second Assessment Reports were regarded as the first generation studies, featuring the impacts of mean climate change on streamflow and the adaptation to it, while the Third and Forth (AR4) Assessment Reports as second generation studies, emphasizing the impacts of anthropogenically forced and natural climate changes on streamflow and the adaptation to them. The progresses and issues in the research methodologies of the impacts of climate change on hydrology and water resources are analyzed.

在回顾IPCC于1990—2007年4次关于气候变化对径流影响的评估报告进展的基础上，将第一次与第二次评估报告归纳为第一代——以气候均值变化对径流影响及其适应为主要特征；第三次与第四次评估报告为第二代——突出人为气候变化与自然气候变异对径流影响及其适应问题，分析了常规的气候变化对水文水资源影响评估方法的发展过程及存在的问题。

At about the same time, glaciologists pointed out that a statement concerning Himalayan glaciers in the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was wrong.

就在此时，冰川学家指出，政府间气候变化委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change，IPCC)最近的报告中，有关喜马拉雅山冰川的一些说词是错误的。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。