查询词典 classical economics

In classical economics and new classical economics, an enterprise is one of components of market and has apriority as an organization, so they do not discuss its economic character but focus on its actions of business management, like its production function and its extension, and the cost theory is suited to them.

在西方古典经济学与新古典经济学里，企业是市场的构成要素，作为一种组织具有先验性，因此，它们并不考虑组织本身的经济意义，而集中探讨企业的生产经营活动，即生产函数及其拓展，其成本理论也是与生产函数相匹配的成本函数的研究。

As a result, Classical Economics is an ideology. Marx's criticism of Classical Economics has...

马克思对古典经济学的批判对当今我们全面认识西方经济学具有重要的指导意义。

Type of Adam · Si Mi model is indicating of western economics Fan Shi build at first, the limit revolution of the person such as Jevons passes the Fan Shi that formed new classical economics integratedly of Marshall, abandoned Si Mi's labor theory of value, will replace with effectiveness axiology, can say the revolution that is Fan Shi of pair of Si Mi economics.

亚当·斯密范式标志着西方经济学范式的最初建立，杰文斯等人的边际革命经过马歇尔的综合形成了新古典经济学的范式，抛弃了斯密的劳动价值论，用效用价值论来代替，可以说是对斯密经济学范式的革命。

From this part, we should understand the course which people have realized the function of consumption in east and west economics, especially the long-time discuss on the relation of consumption and production. In the west economics, there are Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Boisguilbert, Quesnay, Turgot, Sismondi and so on in the classical economics; Say, Malthus in the philistine plutonomy; Marshall, Pigou, Veblen, Pareto and so on in imperialist period; Keynes, Rostov, Mole and so on in the modern west economics.

西方经济学中关于消费的思想从历史来看，主要包括：古典经济学中亚当·斯密、李嘉图、布阿贝尔吉尔、魁奈等人的消费思想和西斯蒙第的"消费居先论"；庸俗政治经济学中法国的萨伊、英国的马尔萨斯等人的消费思想；帝国主义历史时期马歇尔、凡勃伦等人的消费思想；现代西方经济学中凯恩斯、罗斯托、莫尔、加尔布雷茨等人的消费思想。

As the evolution of economics, new classical economics has been grown for three stages in natural monopoly, and they are economics of scales, economics of scopes and subadditivity of costs in turn. We review and analyze these thoughts and theories about natural monopoly, and then forecast the trend of natural monopoly theory based on the new institute economics.

本文在对这些理论加以梳理、分析之后，借助新制度经济学的理论和分析工具，预测了自然垄断理论的发展趋势，那就是自然垄断成因由技术成本因素过度到交易成本因素，自然垄断形成机制是在经济学上的自增强机制以及交易成本约束下的一体化理论下完成的，这与先验性的决定自然垄断然后再在行政上加以规制是不同的。

The second chapter reviews the traditional theory of natural monopoly in the frame of classical economics, from economics of scales, economics of scopes and to subadditivity of cost, including the extension of"Marshall puzzle"and"theory of contestable markets". The third chapter analyzes the traditional theory of natural monopoly based on the new classical economics, and points out the achievements and the limitations.

我们把这一体系内的自然垄断理论称为传统自然垄断理论，主要经历了规模经济理论、范围经济理论以及成本次可加性理论，当然目前这一领域内还延伸出了马歇尔困境以及有效竞争理论等研究前沿。

Bourgeois economics dresses up him into science, and have grumous class property essentially, even if the classical economics of the bourgeois economics of the science that be called by Marx is such also.

资产阶级经济学把自己打扮成自然科学，而实质上具有浓厚的阶级属性，即使是被马克思称为科学的资产阶级经济学的古典经济学也如此。

The new classical economics applies inframarginal analysis to investigate how the network size of division of labor in society is determined in the market place. In some degree, the new classical economics is the ideal way for analyzing world economy, but it still needs improvement.

新兴古典经济学运用超边际的分析方式，使得古典经济学对分工的解释在新的经济学分析方法下得以复苏，是比较理想的分析全球经济一体化的工具，但也有其局限性。

The system is analysed structures of pair of money property right, trade the analysis that wait brings into reason of not cost, complete information, limitary the academic frame of new classical economics, the face of new classical economics was changed on certain level.

制度分析把对财产权结构、交易成本、不完全的信息、有限制的理性等的分析纳入新古典经济学的理论框架，在一定程度上改变了新古典经济学的面貌。

From this part, we should understand the course which people have realized the function of consumption in east and west economics, especially the long-time discuss on the relation of consumption and production. In the west economics, there are Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Boisguilbert, Quesnay, Turgot, Sismondi and so on in the classical economics; Say, Malthus in the philistine plutonomy; Marshall, Pigou, Veblen, Pareto and so on in imperialist period; Keynes, Rostov, Mole and so on in the modern west economics.

西方经济学中关于消费的思想从历史来看，主要包括：古典经济学中亚当·斯密、李嘉图、布阿贝尔吉尔、魁奈等人的消费思想和西斯蒙第的&消费居先论&；庸俗政治经济学中法国的萨伊、英国的马尔萨斯等人的消费思想；帝国主义历史时期马歇尔、凡勃伦等人的消费思想；现代西方经济学中凯恩斯、罗斯托、莫尔、加尔布雷茨等人的消费思想。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷