查询词典 civil law

Which one is more important, human rights or property rights? How to review the transformation of civil rights system? Can the conceptualist jurisprudence be compatible with an open civil rights system? These are all hotspot problems in civil law theory.

人权重要还是财产权重要，如何认识民事权利体系的变迁，概念法学是否能够容纳开放性的民事权利体系等都是民法理论中的热点问题。

And it presents in the following respect mainly; Firstly, the idea and mode of thinking can't suit the need of the new developing situation; Secondly, training policies and regulations system of the civil servant is not perfect, and it need to strengthen further in accordance with the law; Thirdly, the training system is not obeyed, organization structure is standard, training's standard is not unified; Fourthly, training's fund is insufficient, the teaching equipment is outmoded, the teaching means lags behind; Fifthly, target quality raise constantly, give training propose high demand; Sixthly, train teachers' team is unstable, the structure is unreasonable, whole quality remains to improve, the teaching method remains to improve; Seventhly, the cycle of renewal of knowledge accelerate, training materials, course offered can not catch up with the demand for development of era, can't meet need of civil servant's training; Eighthly, with the execution of educational industrialization and coming of training mercerization, targets face the challenge of the competition; Ninthly, there is less communication between the educational organizations, information does not flow smoothly; Tenthly, the function of scientific research and consult doesn't affect play enough, and the study of civil servant train theory is insufficient; Eleventhly, training content is not norm, and training method is not advanced.

主要表现在以下方面：一是观念和思维方式不能适应新形势发展的需要；二是公务员培训政策法规体系不完善，依法培训有待进一步加强；三是培训工作体制不顺，机构设置不规范，培训标准不统一；四是培训经费投入不足，教学设备陈旧，教学手段落后；五是培训对象素质不断提高，给培训工作提出了更高要求；六是培训师资队伍不稳定，结构不合理，整体素质有待提高，教学方法有待改进；七是知识更新周期加快，培训教材、课程设置跟不上时代发展要求，不能适应公务员培训需要；八是教育产业化的实施和培训11市场化到来，培训对象面临竞争的挑战；九是施教机构之间缺乏沟通，信息不流通；十是科研、咨询功能发挥不够，公务员培训理论研究不深；十一是培训内容不够规范、培训方法不够先进。

In its early development common law was largely a product of three English courts—King's Bench, Exchequer, and the Court of Common Pleas—which competed successfully against other courts for jurisdiction and developed a distinctive body of doctrine. The term "common law" is also used to mean the traditional, precedent-based element in the law of any common-law jurisdiction, as opposed to its statutory law or legislation, and also to signify that part of the legal system that did not develop out of equity, maritime law, or other special branches of practice.

关于普通法的历史基础和传统在英国法律史学家S·F·C·密尔松的《普通法的历史基础》和美国法理学家卡尔·N·卢埃林的《普通法的传统》中已经说得十分清楚，而对于普通法之所以有如此强大的生命力的根源以及普通法的精神，美国社会法学学派创始人、美国哈佛大学法学院院长罗斯科·庞德（Roscoe·Pound）则在其《普通法的精神》一书中进行了精辟的阐述。

Some scholars pointed out that during the periodof the US seizing and later,the role and status of German law in Japan's law systemseemed to be replaced by the America law,so the law principles of Japan and Germanyvaried more and more.In fact,the Japanese law principle still kept continuity with Ger-man law.

有学者指出，在法学领域，在美国占领时期以及其后的一段时期，好象美国法完全取代了德国法在日本的地位和作用，因此日德法学相互的距离越来越远，但事实上，日本在许多法律领域依然维持着与德国法的连续性，在许多领域由于"学说继受"而打下的德国式基础得以维持和保存。

Canon law is also called "ecclesiastical law"; however, strictly speaking, there is a slight difference of meaning between the two expressions: canon law denotes in particular the law of the "Corpus Juris", including the regulations borrowed from Roman law; whereas ecclesiastical law refers to all laws made by the ecclesiastical authorities as such, including those made after the compiling of the "Corpus Juris".

教会法也被称为"教会法"（强制ecclesiasticum ），但严格来说，有一种略有不同的意义，两国间的表情：教会法是指在特定法律的"法典"，包括法规借来罗马法，而教会法是指所有的法律是由教会当局的作为，例如，包括那些经过编撰的"法典"。

In view of the continuity of academic research, this paper reviews the latest development in the studies of folk law in China in 2008 in terms of the ontology of folk law, the relation between folk law and state law, the various fields of folk law, the judicial application of folk law.

鉴于学术研究的连续性，2008年度中国民间法研究学术报告，继续在民间法的本体研究、民间法与国家法的关系研究、各类民间法研究、民间法司法运用研究等方面，对一年来中国民间法研究所取得的知识增量予以客观呈现。

Grasp Marxism Law science theory and recent trends of international law science, have an intimate knowledge of socialist legislation, master the theory of law science, especially the theory of international economic law, science and technological law and air law.

掌握马克思主义法学理论及国际法学动态，熟悉我国社会主义法制体系，着重掌握法学理论及各部门法尤其是国际经济法及科技、航空法、知识产权法的理论

This paper will discuss the question of anti-monopoly law's exempt in agricultural area as following: at first, the paper introduces the general theory on exemption from anti-monopoly law; then, this paper will introduce the legislations of United States and European Union on anti-monopoly law's exempt in agricultural area, review and analyze the history, and expound respective jurisdiction and policy; and then, the paper will concretely analyze the legal principle of anti-monopoly law's exempt in agricultural area; and then, it will discuss two concrete questions about system, including defining the concept of"involver"-----the person of legal relation of anti-monopoly law's exempt in agricultural area, and according to the legal frame of anti-monopoly law, the paper will analyze the legitimate action the agricultural cooperative organization; at last, this paper will advance some legislative suggestions about our national Anti-monopoly Act's exempt in agricultural area.

首先，介绍反垄断法豁免问题的一般理论；然后，介绍美国和欧盟在农业领域的反垄断法豁免的立法规定，回顾和分析其立法历史，阐述相关法理和政策考量；其次，具体分析农业领域反垄断法豁免采用的法律原则；再次，主要讨论两个具体制度问题，包括界定"参与人"概念——农业领域反垄断豁免的法律关系的主体，和根据反垄断法框架分析农业合作组织的合法行为；最后，为我国反垄断法农业领域豁免提出立法建议。

To the at present prevailing invalid view in three value logic of three law about the thinking law, this text set out from dialectics about the dialectical relation principle of the universality and particularity , think the law of identity , law of contradiction , law of excluded middle are for guaranteeing the universal law of people's correct thinking has general guidance functions to human thinking , will not lose efficiency in this concrete scientific field of thinking of three value logic

针对时下流行的关于思维规律前三律在三值逻辑中失效的观点，本文从辩证法关于普遍性与特殊性的辩证关系原理出发，认为同一律、矛盾律、排中律是为了保证人们正确思维的普遍规律对人类思维具有普遍指导作用，不会在三值逻辑这一具体的思维科学领域内失效

The socialism administration ruling by law idea is the concrete embodiment of the socialism ruling by law idea in the field of the administrative law,is the inner request of the socialism administration ruling by law and the reflection of the basic principle,is the support to put forward the administration by law and construction of the government ruling by law.

社会主义行政法治理念是社会主义法治理念在行政法领域的具体体现，是社会主义行政法治的内在要求和基本原则的概括和反映，是推进依法行政、建设法治政府的精神支柱。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48