查询词典 civil law

In this part, the author holds that under most circumstances ,the start and operation of the internal mechanism of the civil law are only decided by the party according to his own benefit; what the civil law should do and can do is just entitling rights and defining duty for the party; in the field of the civil law, the party arranges and realizes his own benefit by legalized rights—the conflicts and struggles of rights.

在本部分中作者认为，在很多情况下，民法内在机制之启动与运作仅仅由当事人根据自身的利益进行选择决定，民法所要做和所能做的也仅仅是为当事人赋予权利和确定义务。在民法的视野之内，当事人通过法律化了的利益——权利的对立与斗争来安排与实现自身的利益。

The effect of bad check can be independent with its"bad"question.According to law,the drawer of bad check should undertake the bill duty,and still undertake civil and administrational even criminal law duty;the endorser of bad check should undertake the related bill duty with drawer,but should not undertake the related civil duty under the general situation;the payer of bad cheek should not undertake the certain payment duty in the bill law,and should refuse to pay money for the cause of transcending the contract duty;the holder of bad cheek should enjoy the right of bill and the right of asking for civil compensation.

空头支票自身的票据效力可与其空头问题独立；空头支票的出票人依法应承担票据责任，同时还应当承担民事、行政甚至刑事法律责任；空头支票的背书人应与出票人承担连带票据责任，但一般情况下不能承担连带民事责任；空头支票的付款人不承担票据法上当然的付款义务，可以超出合同义务为由而拒绝付款；空头支票的持票人依法享有票据权利和民事赔偿的请求权。

She expresses, in recent years China is made and revised the need that a series of law laws and regulations admit with getting used to Internet, include national security law of law, conservative country secret, copyright law, turn over unfair competition law, archives law to wait for a series of as germane as information activity law, new castigatory criminal law also set 3 criminality that concern with the computer, invade blame of computer information system illegally namely; Destroy blame of computer information system; Benefit carries out secret of country of financial bilk, theft, corruption, defalcate, filch or other crime with the computer.

她表示，近年来中国制定和修改了一系列法律法规以适应互联网发展的需要，包括国家安全法、保守国家秘密法、著作权法、反不正当竞争法、档案法等一系列与信息活动有密切关系的法律，新修订的刑法也规定了3条与计算机有关的犯罪行为，即非法侵入计算机信息系统罪；破坏计算机信息系统罪；利用计算机实施金融诈骗、盗窃、贪污、挪用公款、窃取国家秘密或其他犯罪。

Considering the administrative law regime from the angle of government regulation law,traditional administrative law and traditional economic law,one can find that it is conducive to the improvement of government relation law to treat government regulation law as an important subbranch law,established on the basis of general administrative law theories.

从政府管制法与传统行政法、传统经济法关系的角度对行政法学体系进行再认识，可以将政府管制法作为建立在行政法一般理论基础上的一个重要分支来开展研究，这对于推进政府管制法治化具有重要意义。

Potassium, natrium determines it is good that use ion chooses electrode indirect method it is better also with indirect method to determine at calcium of direct way;, it is next occasionally phosphor of; of law of azotic arsenic Ⅲ determines use phosphor molybdic acid is ultraviolet law outcome is better it is better with result of law of personal candy kinase that; blood sugar determines; urea determines use Niao enzymatic ultraviolet anhydride of better; flesh uses rate law result enzymatic law outcome is better; albumin determines, it is vanadium acid next alkalescent phosphoric acid of oxidation law; is enzymatic determine outcome of fluid of use AMP amortize is better; amylase determines law of thing of enzymatic standard background and iodic colorimetric law coefficient of variation all bigger, former a bit small, latter of percent of pass is tallish, each lab can try to choose according to his condition.

结论钾、钠测定使用离子选择电极间接法好于直接法；钙测定用间接法也较好，其次是偶氮砷Ⅲ法；磷测定使用磷钼酸紫外法结果较好；血糖测定用己糖激酶法结果较好；尿素测定用脲酶紫外速率法结果较好；肌酐用酶法结果较好；白蛋白测定用溴甲酚绿法较好；胆红素测定用酶法结果好，其次是钒酸氧化法；碱性磷酸酶测定使用AMP缓冲液结果较好；淀粉酶测定酶法底物法和碘比色法变异系数均较大，前者稍小，合格率后者稍高，各实验室可根据自己的条件加以选用。

This article first analyze the general theory of legal responsibiltiy from nomological aspect, build the basic frame of economic law "responsibility theory" based on law responsibility. Through expatiating the concept、character、element and type of economic law responsibility, the article aims to break the sorting limit of traditional "responsibilty theory" and show the speciality of economic law responsibility. Through analyzing two theories of economic law responsibility deeply, it provides theory security for the independence of economic law responsibility. It further shows that establishing the independence of economic law responsibility is the requirement of economic law's development and improvement, is the requirement of adapting the new situation and regulating market economy system, is the foundation of buliding commonweal litigation system and punishing the illegal body.

本文首先从法理的角度分析了法律责任的一般理论，并以法律责任为剖析原型构建经济法责任理论的基本框架，通过对经济法责任的概念、特征、构成要素及类型的具体阐述，力图打破传统责任理论划分的局限性，以求凸现经济法责任的独特性；通过对经济法责任的两大理论基础的深入分析，为经济法责任的独立性提供理论保障；进而表明确立经济法责任的独立地位是经济法发展和完善的要求，是适应新形式、规范市场经济秩序的需要，是建立经济公益诉讼机制、有效追究经济违法主体责任的前提和基础。

Some states could formulate domestic conflict of law meets the gauge settledly when assigns based on the conflict law to be suitable a national the law, when the solution of conflict of laws changes according to around the law respective country related law, this conflict of law center applicable law and according to law vassal state solution when has the possibility not to be inconsistent with the interregional conflict of laws, so it possibly produces one new kind "the conflict of norms"- conflict of lawsof the court country and the intertemporal conflict of laws of the state which the applicable belongs to.

有的国家在制定国内冲突法时会规定当依据冲突法指定适用一个国家的法律时，当解决法律冲突适用准据法所属国家的相关法律前后发生变化时，该冲突法中的适用规则和准据法所属国解决时际法律冲突的规则就有可能不一致，这样就可能产生一种新的&法律冲突&——法院地国冲突法和准据法所属国时际私法之间的矛盾。

Chapter Ⅴ is the Ⅱvaluation of native resources and the modern meanings of conventional law. The core idea of each chapter is as follows:The first chapter evaluates individualism jurisprudence methodology first of all, though which rereads the connotation of conventional law. It thanks conventional law is been being nationally by the folk social groups and teams after long producing and living, which embodies the willing and benefit of the folk social groups and teams and appoints for its resolving system of rights、duty and conflict, including the general action standard that recognized material and spiritual strength ensures its implement. The standard's extention includes producing conventional law, living conventional law, commercial conventional law, ethnic conventional law, religious conventional law, and etc..

各章主要内容概述如下：第一章先对个人主义法学方法论进行评介，尔后从此方法论视角重新解读了习惯法的涵义，认为习惯法是由一定的民间社会群体或组织在长期的生产、生活中自然形成的，体现民间社会群体或组织成员的意志和利益，约定其权利、义务和冲突解决机制，并由其成员认可的物质或精神力量保障实施的普遍性行为规范的总称，其外延包括生产习惯法、生活习惯法、商业习惯法、民族习惯法、宗教习惯法等。

Feng Qin is a clinician of the Intellectual Property Law Clinic of CUPL, Associate Professor of The institute of intellectual Property Law, Civil Commercial and Economic Law School, and a. Lawyer of Beijing CUIPPC Law Firm. She Participated in 2007 and 2008 in University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law and American University Washington College of Law workshop in Clinical and Advocacy Skills training .

冯琴，中国政法大学民商经济法学院知识产权法研究所副教授，知识产权法律诊所主讲教师，北京市中诚友联律师事务所律师。2007年和2008年两次参加美国太平洋大学麦克乔治法学院和美利坚大学华盛顿法学院暑期诊所法律技能培训。

On the basis of that, one of the important contents of this article is to study the basic principle of criminal law in eye of comparison, meaning detecting all characteristics of criminal law principle by comparison of the basic principle of criminal law to that of constitution and that of civil law, and further checking the old and newly-coming concept of basic principle of criminal law, trying to prepare checking methods for the possibly coming concept of basic principle of criminal law in future.

以此为阶，本文的一个重要内容即是以比较的眼光对刑法基本原则进行研究，即从刑法基本原则与宪法基本原则以及刑法基本原则与民法基本原则的对比分析中找出刑法基本原则的各方面特性，以此进一步检验已有的及新近的提法，并力求对以后刑法基本原则可能出现的提法预备辨认手段。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48