查询词典 civil law

The purpose of this dissertation lies in perfecting relative laws of administration of medical waste,according to the lawmaking and law system of foreign countries.meanwhile,the notion is provided to consummate relative law system and achieve the purpose of holding in the administration of medical waste,environment protect and human health.this dissertation puts forward first-step conceivableness of perfecting lawmaking and law system concerning the administration to disposal of medical waste.because our country's law system concerning medical waste is too immovable and abstract,this research will make our country's law system of the medical waste more concrete and more definite,which will strengthen the operability in the fulfillment and make the lawmaking spirit embodied.simultaneously it provides legal basis and policy support for the administration to disposal of medical waste.the problem of the administration of medical waste enlarges the difficulties of disposal process.to perfect lawmaking,law-executing,law-supervising.is advantageous to strengthen the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.meanwhile it has theoretic meaning and application value for environment safety and human health.this dissertation is totally divided into four parts.the first part explains the current condition of the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country,which introduces the concept of medical waste,the harm of medical waste,the necessity of administration, current lawmaking condition and present law system of the medical waste.the second part introduces the general situation of lawmaking concerning the administration to disposal of medical waste of the united states,eu,japan and korea.simultaneously it explains the apocalypse of administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.the third part points out the existent law problem of the administration to disposal of medical waste,including lawmaking problem,law enforcement problem and law system problem.the fourth part aims at the relative suggestions to the existent law problems of the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.the suggestions want to raise lawmaking layer,perfect lawmaking contents,strengthens law enforcement,practice the law system of the manufacturer to be responsible for the medical waste.meanwhile,it gives the advice on the punishment-compensation system,the conduct permit system and the risk fund system.

本论文研究的目的在于借鉴国外有关医疗废物在立法、执法、法律制度等方面的经验，完善适合我国医疗废物管理的相关法律，提出我国有关医疗废物管理的立法构想，完善各项相关的法律制度，以达到规范医疗废物管理、保护环境、保护人类健康的目的。本论文为完善我国医疗废物管理的立法、执法和法律制度提出初步设想，由于我国有关医疗废物的法律制度规定得太原则、太抽象，通过本论文研究，使得我国医疗废物法律制度更具体、更明确，增强在实践中的操作性，使立法精神充分得到体现。同时可以为我国医疗废物管理工作提供法理依据和决策支持。我国医疗废物管理体制的问题加大了医疗废物治理的难度，立法、执法、监督等方面的完善有利于加强对我国医疗废物的管理；在保障可持续发展的环境安全和人类健康领域也具有理论意义和应用价值。本文共分为四个部分，第一部分说明了我国目前医疗废物管理的现状，介绍了医疗废物的概念、危害、进行管理的必要性、当前我国医疗废物的立法现状和法律制度现状。第二部分介绍了美国、欧盟、日本、韩国关于医疗废物管理的立法概况及对我国医疗废物管理的启示。第三部分指出了我国医疗废物管理存在的法律问题，包括立法问题、执法问题和法律制度问题。第四部分针对我国医疗废物管理存在的法律问题提出了相应的建议。建议要提高立法层次、完善立法内容、加强执法力度、实行生产者负责分类回收的法律制度、集中处置法律制度、惩罚性赔偿制度、经营许可证制度、环境责任保险制度和风险基金制度。

He put forwards that the article 4 of crime of L/C fraud in Chinese Criminal Law isn"t in compliance with the principle of penalty according to criminal law, and it will destroy L/C system. The principles of fairness, honest and credibility and prohibition of civil right abuse in General Rules of Civil Law have the feature of indetermination. The litigation of civil right attached to criminal procedure and litigation property save in the Code of Criminal Procedure, in view of their imperfection, cause the repeating capital frozen by police bureau, procuratorate and court. In view of low requirement of civil litigation capital save in Civil Procedure law, the frequent capital frozen happens all the time. Summary of Panel Discussion Concerning Chinese Coastal Area"s Economic and Judicial Work, owing to its low status and evidence"s inexplicitness of issuing ban, results in judger"s unrestrained jurisdiction power. Therefore, this author concludes that the characteristics of fragmentsand imperfection of Chinese L/C laws are disadvantageous to the perfection of the L/C legislation system ,and can not instruct judges to try the cases of L/C fraud effectively.

由于《美国统一商法典》的第五章关于信用证欺诈的规定相对我国法律而言比较完善，笔者在本文对其也作了论述，以期对我国未来的立法有所启示；第三部分主要分析了我国目前的有关信用证欺诈的规定，并指出《刑法》的有关信用证诈骗罪的规定的第4款不符合罪刑法定的要求，它对信用证的运行机制有极强的破坏性；《民法通则》中与信用证欺诈有关的公平、诚实信用、禁止权利滥用原则有其适用时的不确定性；《刑事诉讼法》关于刑事附带民事及诉讼保全的规定，由于规定的不完善，导致公、检、法等各机关对信用证的重复冻结；由于《民事诉讼法》对财产保全的条件要求过低，导致实践中信用证冻结频繁发生；《会谈纪要》由于其效力低和对发布禁令要求的证据并不明确，导致实践中法官的自由裁量权无限扩大。

First, this paper illustrates that punitive damages has strong prevention function, at the same time it accords with the inspirit of civil law of modern times, it doesn't conflict with basic theories of civil law, such as the partition of public law and private law, the separation of civil law and criminal law and unjust benefit, it is also the necessar...

本文首先从理论上阐明了该制度具有很强的预防功能，符合现代民法的精神，与公法与私法的划分、民刑分离、不当得利这些民法基本理论并不矛盾，是补偿性民事责任的必要补充，因此具有存在的合理性。

First, this paper illustrates that punitive damages has strong prevention function, at the same time it accords with the inspirit of civil law of modern times, it doesn't conflict with basic theories of civil law, such as the partition of public law and private law, the separation of civil law and criminal law and unjust benefit, it is also the necessary supple

本文首先从理论上阐明了该制度具有很强的预防功能，符合现代民法的精神，与公法与私法的划分、民刑分离、不当得利这些民法基本理论并不矛盾，是补偿性民事责任的必要补充，因此具有存在的合理性。

The draft of Civil Law by legislators and the advice toCivil Law by scholars, based on the basic p rincip les in Chinese General Rules of Civil Law, have exp ressed differently in terms of the basic p rincip les. But it is app rop riate to establish the p rincip les of equality, voluntaries, honestand credibility, public order and good habits, p rohibition of civil right abuse as the basic p rincip les of China's Civil Law.

在我国《民法通则》规定的民法基本原则的基础之上，民法典官方草案及主要学者建议稿对于民法基本原则采用了有所差异的不同表达，但将&平等&、&意思自治&、&诚实信用&、&公序良俗&和&权利不得滥用&确定为我国民法基本原则，较为妥当。

Firstly, the author does some research on the general protection system on Creditors protection in civil law .He holds that the general protection system has a defect that can not adapt to new era's requirements, and he also believes from the perspective of merchant law and economical law that the protection system in corporate law is a heritage and development of the general protection system in civil law. Then, he analyzes, discusses and concludes.the protection system in corporate law of different countries and takes the concerned system in Japanese corporate law as an example.

作者首先对民法上之债权人利益保护一般制度进行了研究，认为民法上之一般制度存在不能应对新时代要求之缺陷，并且从商法和经济法的角度出发，认为公司法上债权人利益保护制度是对民法一般保护制度的继承和发展；随后，作者对各国公司法上关于公司分立中债权人利益保护制度进行了总结、分析和探讨，并以日本公司法上的相关制度为例进行了比较考察。

Chapter Five - In the umpty suggestions to consummate the civil liability of sponsors, based on the review on the status in quo of our country, and the reference on foreign civil liability system, to provide suggestions to the civil liability system of our country, include: definitude on the boundary of civil liability during sponsors, issuers and other agencies and investors; and extend the term and enhance the approach of undertaking of civil liability of sponsors through intensify the independence of the deputy of sponsors; to make legal cleaning in process, provide judicial explanation and consummate civil compensation mechanism of securities.

第五章完善我国保荐人民事责任制度的若干建议中，在考察我国保荐人民事责任制度的现状、借鉴境外民事责任制度经验的基础上，提出完善我国民事责任制度的建议：包括明确保荐人与发行人、其他中介机构及投资者的民事责任分界；通过增强保荐代表人独立性、延长保荐人的任期加强保荐人民事责任的承担途径；进行法律清理、推出司法解释以及完善证券民事责任赔偿机制。

Shantie not timely arising due to any legal (including c**titutional, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, sword, fist, foot law, fingering, civil law, criminal law, calligraphy, public security organs, the Basic Law, Labor Law, Marriage Law,无效 law, no way, international law, today's statement Xixingx, and the Taiwan Relati** Act and the text or may be involved, and not covered by the Act, local security management regulati**) disputes or resp**ibility I shall not be liable.

因删贴不及时所产生的任何法律（包括宪法，加法、减法、乘法、除法、剑法、拳法、脚法、指法、民法，刑法，书法，公检法，基本法，劳动法，婚姻法，输入法，没办法，国际法，今日说法，吸星大法，与台湾关系法及文中涉及或可能涉及以及未涉及之法，各地治安管理条例）纠纷或责任本人概不负责。

The range of application of the abstract provisions in a civil code is much larger than the pigeonhole system of anglo-american case law.it must be borne in mind,however,that behind the screen of the general terms of a civil code the courts develop a bulk of so-called case law that in many ways resembles its counterpart in the common law.although the means by which a certain solution to a legal problem is reached may be strikingly different,the results tend to be very much the same under common-law and civil influence.

适用范围的抽象规定，在一部民法典是远大于扣压制度的英美案例law.it必须紧记，不过，这背后的屏幕上的一般条款，一部民法典法院发展散装的，所以所谓的判例法在许多方面相似，其对应在共同law.although手段，其中某一方案的一个法律问题是达成的，可突出不同，但结果往往是极为相似的共同下-法律和民间的影响力。

Apan has taen the adoption of the Civil Code, in particular law and case law, such as the recognition of customar wa of natural resources to build a sound sstem of utilization and protection of propert rights as a civil law on privac in accordance with the principle of civil law transactions .

日本采取了通过民法典、特别法规定和判例法承认习惯等方式，构建了完善的自然资源物权制度，将其作为民法上的一种私权，并按照民法原理进行交易。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48