查询词典 civil engineering

Chapter Two illustrates the nature of the international guarantee.At first,the writer analyses the meaning of collateral nature and its theoretical basis.Thewriter points out that in order to reinforce the protection of the guarantor'sinterest,the guarantee is located as collateral guarantee in all countries'traditional legislation.In other words,the validity of the guarantee contract isdetermined by the underlying contract,i.e.if the underlying contract isestablished,the guarantee contract is established,too;if the underlying contract isvalid,and the guarantee contract is valid too.It is true,otherwise.But thedoctrine of autonomy of private law dominates the civil law and commercial lawin all the countries,so the parties are permitted to alter the collateral nature of theguarantee by an agreement under the related laws worldwide.so the collateralnature of the guarantee is not the compulsory nature of the law.This lays a solidfoundation for the emerging of the independent guarantee.The writer thenanalyses the meaning of independence and the cause of the booming of theindependent guarantee.In fact,the independent guarantee was originated fromthe change of the collateral nature by the parties contract.As a result,the validityof the contract of independent guarantee is not determined by the underlyingcontract as the collateral guarantee,But the validity of the independent guaranteecontract is independent from the underlying contract,the establishment and thevalidity of the contract of independent guarantee are not subjected to theunderlying contract.

第二章对国际信用担保的法律属性进行了论述，首先分析了从属性的含义及其理论基础，指出虽然各国传统立法为了加强对保证人利益的保护，都将信用担保定位于从属保证，即保证合同的效力取决于主合同的效力，主合同成立，保证合同也成立，主合同生效，保证合同也生效；主合同不成立，保证合同也不成立，主合同不生效，保证合同也不生效，但是由于私法自治的精神主导着各国的民商法领域，各国立法都允许当事人通过合同约定对信用担保的从属性进行改变，所以保证的从属性从来就不是信用担保制度的法律强制属性，这也为独立保证制度的出现奠定了制度前提；其次分析了独立性的含义以及独立保证兴起的原因，独立保证实际上就是当事人通过合同约定对保证从属性的改变，使独立保证合同的效力不再象从属保证合同的效力那样取决于主合同的效力，而是使独立保证合同的效力独立于主合同的效力，独立保证合同成立不因主合同的不成立而受影响，也不因主合同的无效而无效。

Bur rather than legalising civil unions, he has promised a bill to create inheritance and pension rights for unmarried couples, whatever their sexual orientation.

取消而非合法化市民协会，他承诺为未结婚的夫妻设立继承和国民年金权利立法，无论他们的性取向为何。

During the Galactic Civil War, the Twi'leks remained neutral, not wanting to become involved in the struggle.

在银河内战中，提列克人保持中立，不愿被卷入这场争斗中。

Various cases and accidents involving civil explosives occur frequently which damage the public and production safety severely,brings tremendous economic losing to the country and people s life safety,and the prob- lem involving explosives has been significant problem that influence the current social stability of China.

目前涉及民用爆炸物品的各种案件和事故频繁发生，严重危害了公共安全和生产安全，给国家和人民群众生命财产带来重大损失，涉爆问题成为当前影响社会稳定的重大问题。

Unfortunately, political unrest led to a brutal civil war from 1989 till 1996 during which the country fell apart and over 200,000 Liberians were killed.

可惜政治动乱导致了残酷的内战从1989年开始至1996年期间，国家解体及以上利比里亚20万人丧生。

In October, 1651, Monk forbade the preachers to impose oaths and covenants on the lieges, and prohibited civil magistrates from molesting excommunicated persons, or seizing their goods, or boycotting them.

在10月， 1651年，和尚不准讲道施加宣誓和盟约就lieges ，并禁止民间裁判骚扰驱逐的人，或没收其货物，或抵制他们。

But the finite element analysis method which requires complex calculation process for this structure system is not easy for civil engineer to handle and limites the further application of this system.

但是现阶段对该体系的计算方法还很不成熟，大多采用有限元方法进行空间整体分析，不便于设计单位使用，从而限制了这种结构体系的进一步推广应用。

This side of life, he argues, was more important than the dissidents, who were lionised in the West as "civil society", but ignored and unknown at home.

作者认为这类生活比起其对立面——在西方被尊崇为&文明社会&的那些更重要，但在国内却常被忽略或不为所知。

Contract is an agreement between litigants to establish, modify and terminate the civil rights and duties.

合同是当事人之间设立、变更或终止民事权利义务关系的协议。

Litigants have the right of disposing of their own civil rights and litigant rights within the limits prescribed by law.

当事人有权在法律规定的范围内处分自己的民事权利和诉讼权利。他毫无困难地驳倒了这个谬论。

We got alerted a couple of times while we were down south that HETs were on the way to bring us back up north because things were going to go hot again, but it was just rumors.

南下的途中我们不只一次得到警告说重型装备运输车将拉着我们重新北上，因为局势正在变得重新紧张起来，但这只是谣传。

It's the one where they find the ghost in the salt mine.

这一集是演他们在盐矿找到鬼