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It is a usual structure of focal-plane-array readout integrated circuit which uses a capacitance trans-impedance amplifier as the input stage, a correlated double sampling circuit to get signal and reduce noises, and a source follower circuit to output the signal.

焦平面读出电路的一种常用结构是以电容跨阻抗放大器作为输入级，相关双采样方式提取信号并抑制噪声，源跟随器方式输出信号。

Therefore, high efficiency can be achieved. The circuit parameters are decided according to the intrinsic impedance of the resonant tank. As the duty ratios of the active switches are fixed, the charging current should be programmed via tuning the circuit operation frequency and therefore the circuit impedance. The optimum operating point is sieved by the frequency response diagram to operate the charger at high efficiency.

至於并联负载电路参数的设计是以共振槽的特性阻抗为基准，调变切换频率并固定主动开关的责任周期，藉由频率的变化改变电路阻抗，以控制充电电流的大小，透过频率响应立体图，挑选适当的操作点，使共振式充电器运作於最佳状态，以获得高效率。

The peak time detecting circuit which is composed of full-wave rectification circuit and differential circuit can detect the reach time of echo signal accurately.

采用时间增益补偿技术，补偿超声波在空气中的衰减，减少回波信号的起伏；由有源全波整流电路和微分电路等组成峰值时间检测电路，可正确检测回波的峰值到达时间。

Using the time-gain compensation technique to compensate for ultrasonic wave's weaking when transmitting in the air,and reduce the fluctuation of echo signal.The peak time detecting circuit which is composed of full-wave rectification circuit and differential circuit can detect the reach time of echo signal accurately.

和其他方法相比，如激光测距、微波测距等，由于声波在空气中传播速度远远小于光线和无线电波的传播速度，对于时间测量精度的要求远小于激光测距、微波测距等系统，因而超声波测距系统电路易实现、结构简单和造价低，且超声波在传播过程中不受烟雾、空气能见度等因素的影响，在各种场合均得到广泛应用。

The objective of the thesis is to present newly developed AC driver and protection circuits for light emitting diode. The LED modules for each upper and low arm are with pulse-width modulation control in every half fundamental cycle. The indication and protection circuits act whenever short circuit and open circuit of LED module occur. Moreover, the current path is switched off when there is a short circuit of LED module.

目前一般白光发光二极体的驱动器，皆是使用直流电源驱动，本文利用发光二极体本身单向导通的特性，将发光二极体串接成桥式整流器的方式，只需控制流经中间路径的电流周期，就可达到调整发光二极体亮度之目的，并且增加发光二极体故障时的保护指示电路。

Because the Hall probe circuit, magnetic-flux meter circuit and extension measurement circuit share the same A/D converter, but MAX110 only have two channel, so the system use CD4052. CD4052 is the analog switch controlled by microcomputer, which can switch the three input channels. The singles is passed to microcomputer after A/D converted.

所有与模拟电路有关的低频接口控制线都采用光电耦合器TPL521进行隔离，而频率较高采用6N137构成单片机相关外围器件的隔离，以便抑制数字电路的尖脉冲和其他噪声对模拟电路产生干扰，提高系统的信号噪声比。

The whole system is divided into four parts, they are electric circuit provided by Hall element electric current, Hall voltage measurement circuit with sampling, data processing and the display circuit.

整个系统分成霍尔元件工作电流提供电路、霍尔电压测量用采样电路、数据处理部分、显示电路四大部分组成。

Hardware design includes equipment selection ,I/O address assigning ,exterior input circuit designing ,exterior output circuit designing , the joint circuit of sensor etc .

硬件设计主要包括装置选型、I／O地址的分配、外部输入电路设计、外部输出电路设计、通讯模块设计以及A／D模块和传感器的连接电路等。

Based on the current linear attenuation model and the idea of minimum arcing voltage in inductive intrinsically safe circuit , the authors establish the principle for choosing L/R ratio assuredly by using the intrinsic safety discriminant of inductive circuit and express the discharge time with known circuit parameters.

基于电感性本质安全电路放电电流线性衰减模型，引入最小建弧电压的概念，得到了放电时间不含未知参数的表达式，利用电感电路的本质安全性能判别式，确定了电感电阻比 L/R的选取原

The recognition method of circuit drawing plotted by AutoCAD is proposed It uses the topological graph to describe the electrical symbol s drawing and adopts the isomorphic graph algorithm to recognize the electrical symbols, meanwhile,the circuit wires are also recognized It can recognize the circuit drawing automatically with high accurac

提出自动识别使用AutoCAD绘制电气原理图的方法该方法利用拓扑图表示电气符号，采用图的同构算法识别电气符号，并在识别出电气符号的基础上识别电路线该方法能够以较高的准确率自动识别电气原理

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48