查询词典 chromosome

Majority of acute leukemias in infant, either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloblastic leukemia, posses a chromosomal translocation affecting the 11q23 chromosome region which specifically inoles the mixed-lineage leukemia gene.1-3 Most pediatric leukemias with MLL rearrangement clearly hae a remarkably short latency.1,4 MLL gene rearrangement is also associated with secondary leukemias of patients preiously treated with the topoisomerase II inhibitors.4 The latency of these secondary leukemias is similarly ery short.4 Of note, the concordance rate of leukemia with MLL rearrangement in infant monozygotic twins approximates to 100%,1,4 and identical breakpoint in the MLL gene was shared in these pairs of identical twin infants with concordant ALL.1,4 Moreoer, the unique and clonotypic MLL fusion gene was detectable in neonatal blood spots for Guthrie cards from non-twined indiiduals who subsequently deeloped ALL.1,4 These obserations indicate not only that MLL fusion is generated in utero but also that MLL fusion proteins could be capable of inducing leukemic transformation with few, if any, secondary mutations.2,3,4 Greaes et al speculate that an MLL fusion protein somehow promotes rapid transition to full-blown disease in patients ia ery rapid clonal expansion, genetic instability, or inhibition of DNA damage repair.4 In general, for clonal expansion of malignancies, tumor cells often hae acquired strategies that escape immune sureillance of the hosts.5,6 Immune escape mechanisms also contribute to the failure of graft-ersus-leukemia effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.7 Therefore, leukemia cells could acquire some immune escape mechanisms during leukemogenesis.

绪论 绝大多数的婴儿白血病，不管是急性淋巴性白血病或是急性骨髓性白血病，在染色体11q23部位有染色体易位的情况；这个部位的染色体易位牵连了混合谱系白血病基因。大多数具有MLL基因重排的儿童白血病潜伏期明显短很多。MLL基因重排也和经拓扑异构酶II抑制剂治疗后的继发性白血病有关。这些继发性白血病的潜伏期类似地都非常的短。很重要的是，单卵双胞胎婴儿同时患有或同时免于MLL基因重排阳性的白血病的一致性接近100%；并且同样患有ALL的同卵双胞胎的MLL基因的断裂点是一致的。而且，这种独特的克隆特异性的MLL融合基因能够从那些得ALL的非双生个体出生时的血斑标本中检测到。这些发现表明MLL融合基因产生在胎儿还在子宫的是后，而且MLL融合蛋白能过和其他的基因突变一起诱导白血病的产生。Greaes 等推测MLL融合蛋白在某种情况下同过快速克隆增殖，遗传的不稳定性或是DNA损伤修复的抑制促使疾病迅速地全面爆发。恶性肿瘤细胞的克隆增殖通常已经获得了逃避机体免疫监视的能力。免疫逃避机制也归因于异体外周血干细胞移植后移植物抗白血病作用的失效。所以，白血病细胞在白血病的产生过程中可能获得了某些免疫逃脱机制。

Objective To investigate the fusion genes derived from chromosome structural aberrations in children with acute myelocytic leukemia determined by multiplex RT_PCR and explore its potential clinical significance in diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation.

目的研究儿童急性髓细胞性白血病染色体畸变所形成融合基因的临床和实验关系。

Objective To investigate the features of Ph chromosome and its significance in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

目的 探讨慢性粒细胞白血病不同病期染色体核型特点及其临床意义。

Objective To investigate the mechanism of multiple antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae chromosome.

目的 对淋球菌的染色体耐药机理进行了一定的探索。

Genetic abnormalities on Chromosome 2p, 10q and l8q may be associated with the pathogenesis of central neurocytoma.

染色体2p、10q和18q的遗传学改变很可能与中枢神经细胞瘤的发病机制有关。

Chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of 10 irradiated and 6 nonirradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were studied by FISH and coventional analysis.

应用FISH技术检测10例放疗后及6例放疗前鼻咽癌患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变并与常规法比较。

Duke University researchers used two genetic research shows that Nosema is clear from the sexual evolution of the fungi, and in particular with the bacteria closely related to the joint, they found that Nosema of more than 2000 genes, 33 Gene junction with the bacteria, these chromosome markers show that Nosema bonding with the bacteria is likely to have a common ancestor, and it with other known contact fungi grew apart.

杜克大学的研究人员使用两个基因研究证明，微孢子虫明显地从有性的真菌中进化，并且尤其同接合菌密切相关，他们发现，微孢子虫的2000多个基因中，有33个基因同接合菌一样，这些染色体标记显示，微孢子虫同接合菌很可能拥有共同的祖先，并且，它同其他已知的真菌联系更为疏远。

Actin has been identified in nuclear skeleton, nucleolar matrix and chromosome scaffold of these plants.

结果显示，三种植物细胞核骨架、核仁骨架和染色体骨架上存在肌动蛋白。

Li has also introduced chromosome engineering to the breeding of wheat strains with a "nullisomic backcross method", which has reduced the duration of wheat breeding through distant hybridization to 3.5 years, whereas the previous breeding of "Xiaoyan" lasted 20 years.

李振声还采用了缺对染色体回交的方法将染色体工程引入到了小麦强度的培育方面。通过这种方法可以将远缘杂交的时间减少到三年半。采用之前的方法，笑颜6号的杂交过程需要20年的时间。

Infertility ; male ; Oligospermia ; Gene deletion ; Y chromosome ; Polymerase chain reaction

不育；男性；少精子症；基因缺失； Y染色体；聚合酶链反应

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！