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Only one complete corollinae chromosome was detected in Ml4, and was determined corollinae chromosome 9. We have used in situ hybridization of genomic DNA to discrimination the parental chromosomes in Beta Ml 4, suppression of cross-hybridization by blocking DNA was not necessary indicating that the investigated Beta genome contain sufficient species-species DNA enabling the unequivocal determination of genomic composition of the hybrids.In our study , the results of BAC -FISH combined with the analysis of GISH in Beta M14,indicating that present of the corollinae chromosome 9 alone was sufficient to confer apospory in Beta M14 upon celluar and molecular..

BAC克隆16-M11和26-L15携带M14花期特异表达的基因；在M14甜菜对应的有性栽培甜菜染色体上没有出现信号，呈半合子状态；包含的单或低拷贝DNA序列在野生白花甜菜进化过程是共线的；两个BAC克隆部分同源；位于末端重组抑制区，所有这些不同寻常的特性都暗示着：BAC克隆16-M11和26-L15和无融合生殖特性相关，可作为无融合生殖

Granulosus is further;2. In differentiation of closely relatedspecies, the changes in heterochromatin and pericentric inversions are key factors, this is wellnoted in the small chromosomes;3. A. mantzorum has well-differentiated XY type sex chromo-'.omes, the Y chromosome is mainly composed of euchromatin, but has strong C-band in themiddle of the long arm. It is suggested that the Y chromosome of A. mantzorum is in the-initial stage of sex chromosome differentiation.

结果表明：(1)四川湍蛙、理县湍蛙和棕点湍蛙之间的亲缘关系较近，而它们与棘皮湍蛙的亲缘关系较远；2）在近缘种的分化中，染色体结构异染色质的变化和臂间倒位是重要的因素之一，这在小型染色体上表现得尤为突出；四川湍蛙具有在形态上分化很明显的性染色体。C带分析表明，此性染色体主要由常染色质构成，但在其Y染色体的长臂上存在明显的中间C带，推测尚处于性染色体分化的初期阶段。

The main aberrations of the euchromosomes was chromosome gain, including trisome, tetrasome, and polysome. The gain rates of the four euchromo-some were 84.9%, 77.5%, 63.7% and 83.2%, and the frequencies of polysome for each euchromosome were 24.6%, 34.9%, 23.4% and 31.7%, respectively. Loss of chromosome Y was observed in 61.2% of male patients. The combination of the four chromosome probes 3, 8, 10 and 20 detected 74.5% of ESCC and the combination of 3, 8, 20 and Y detected 85.0%.

发现所测常染色体在食管癌组织中均存在较高的数目畸变率，主要表现为染色体增益，包括三体、四体及多体。4条常染色体3、8、10和20号染色体增益率分别为84.9%、77.5%、63.7%和83.2%，其中多体率各为24.6%、34.9%、23.4%和31.7%。Y染色体在61.2%的男性患者表现缺失。3、8、10和20号探针联合检测食管癌的阳性率为74.5%， 3、8、20和Y染色体探针联合检测男性食管癌的阳性率为85.0%。

Distorting of them by type, the rate of number aberration is 9.9%, the rate of the structure aberration is 2.3% and the abnormal rate of the chromosome polymorphism diversity is 3.5%. Distorting of them by chromosome, the rate of the euchromosome aberration is 11.7% and the rate of the sex chromosome aberration is 4.0%.

其中按畸变类型分类，数目畸变率为9.9％，结构畸变率为2.3％，染色体多态性畸变率为3.5％；按染色体不同分类，常染色体畸变率为11.7％，性染色体畸变率为4.0％。

The QTLs analysis of anther length and ratio of stigma exsertion,two key traits of classification for cultivated rice and common wild rice indicated that there are two QTLs controlling anter length located at the region of C424-G39 of Chromosome 2,and C2289-R1553 of Chromosome 5 and G1149-R1963 of Chromosome 8 respectively.

对控制花药长度和柱头外露率这两个栽培稻和野生稻的重要分类性状的QTL分析结果表明，控制花药长度的2个QTLS分别位于第2染色体C424～G39和第9染色体C2807～C1263间；控制柱头外露率的2个QTLS分别位于第5染色体R2289～R1553间和第8染色体G1149～R1963间。

With this method the homomorphic chromosome pair No.10 in Bufo bufo gargarizans could be identified as sex-specific chromosomes of the ZZ/ZW-type.The Z chromosomes in all male animals replicated synchronously,but Z chromosome and W chromosome of females revealed heteromorphic replication pattern.

用这种方法我们鉴定中华大蟾蜍蜍第10对同型染色体为ZZ/ZW型性染色体，所有雄性动物两个Z染色体的复制型是完全相同的，而雌性动物的Z和W染色体显示出异型复制型。

It was also found that the chromosomes paired well and formed a rod heteromorphic bivalent in the hybrid F1[73(36)9-1×CSDT 1BL]. Whereas 73(36)9-1 produced mainly configuration of 20''+1'+t' when test-crossed with CSDT 1BS. It showed that the translocation occurred on chromosome 1B short arm, and this segment came from rye chromosome 1RL. In the present paper we discussed also the way in which the translocation might be caused, and concluded that it was formed through reunion of two kind telocentrica (1BL and 1RL) after simultaneous misdivision of two univalent chromosomes (a wheat chromosome 1B, and a rye 1R).

同时还发现，73（36）9-1和"中国春"双端体的1BL能很好地配对并形成一个棒状的异形二价体，而它和CSDT 1BS的染色体则主要产生20+1′+t′的构型，从而证明易位发生的可能途径，推断是由于在F1花粉母细胞中的两个单价体（一个是小麦染色体1B，一个是黑麦染色体1R）同时进行错分裂之后产生的两种端着丝点染色体（1BL和1RL）重新并合形成的，因而冬小麦73（36）9-1可能是一个自发产生的易位系。

The results showed that there was difference with the cell lines in growth and size, the chromosome analysis revealed typical characterization of Lepidopteran chromosome therefore two cell lines can' t be distinguished by analysis of character of the morphology and chromosome.

二者在形态上有一定的差异，而且细胞大小不同，生长速度也有一定的差异，两株细胞系的染色体符合鳞翅目昆虫染色体的典型特征，从染色体形态和数量上不能区分两种细胞系。

As rice chromosome is very small, it is difficult to identify morphologically the individual chromosome from rice chromosome complement.

水稻染色体形体较小，很难从形态上区分各别染色体。

RDNA was assigned to the telomeric region of Chromosome 15 and Chromosome 19 in dwarf-surf clam , and the same sequence was assigned on the proximal region of long arm of Chromosome 10 and on the telomere of short arm of Chromosome 12 in the hard clam .

18S-28S rDNA在两种蛤中有两个位点。rDNA探针定位在侏儒蛤的第15对和第19对染色体的端粒区域，同一序列定位在硬壳蛤的第10对染色体的长臂和第12对染色体短臂的端粒区域。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。