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By means of experiments of marker transfer,acridine orange sensitivity test,F' curring and mini-chromosome transformation it is.conchi-ded that the F' plasmid is always in an integrated state in the Sin strains and that the initiation of the replication of the bacterial chromosome is carrie...

标记转移、吖啶橙敏感性，F′质粒消除和mini-染色体质粒转化等实验说明，Sin菌株中F′质粒始终处于整合状态，并且在40℃中细菌染色体的复制由整合状态的F′质粒所带动。

In the eukaryon cell nucleus has continues a chromosome, each chromosome also only contains a DNA member.

真核细胞核中有不止一个染色体，每个染色体也只含一个DNA分子。

A referencing flock comprsing eight paternal half-sib families totaling 374 individuals from Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep was utilised to analyze the allele frequency, polymorphism information content and heterozygosity of nine microsatellite from 2~ chromosome of sheep genome.And the research based on the daughter design to locate the putative QTL affecting wool traits was carried out in the linkage framework-mapping of 2~ chromosome.

本研究利用凉山半细毛羊的8个父系半同胞家系共374个个体，分析了绵羊基因组2号染色体上9个微卫星标记的等位基因频率、多态信息含量和群体杂合度，利用已构建的凉山半细毛羊2号染色体遗传连锁框架图谱，采用女儿设计对影响凉山半细毛羊8个羊毛性状的数量性状位点进行了定位研究。

Chromosome number in all counted complete metaphases of Carassius auratus var. Dongtingking is 48. Analysis of chromosome can be divided into four sections according to the position of the centromere.

核型分析结果表明，翘嘴鲌的肾细胞染色体组是由48条染色体组成，染色体组型按着丝粒位置可分为四组，分别是中部着丝粒染色体、亚中部着丝粒染色体、端部着丝粒染色体。

All metaphases showed three distinct green signals, which have the same size and intensity, corresponding to a normal chromosome 8 and two isochromosomes 8q, and five red signals, of which one was located on a normal chromosome 8 and the another two quite symmetrically on the both arms of each isochromosome 8q, respectively.

结果发现：所有中期分裂相均显示3个绿色荧光杂交信号和5个红色荧光杂交信号；2个绿色荧光杂交信号分别位于2条等臂8q染色体着丝粒处，信号大小和强度均与位于正常8号染色体着丝粒处的1个绿色荧光杂交信号相当；1个红色荧光杂交信号位于正常8号染色体长臂上，另外2个红色荧光杂交信号非常对称地位于每一条等臂8q染色体的两条长臂上。

The sixth, there were no significantly differences between colchicine groupsand vinblastine groups on the metaphases, in the experiment of prepare mouse4-cell embryo stage single blastomere chromosome specimen by using optimumparameters; and there were significantly differences between colchicine groupsand vinblastine groups on the metaphases (P＜0.05), in the experiment of preparemouse 8-cell embryo stage single blastomere chromosome specimen by usingoptimum parameters.The end, the preparation quality of mouse 4-and 8-cell embryo stage singleblastomere specimen were 2.5, 2.7, 2.4, 1.9, respectively.

低渗液选用0.45％氯化钠时，低渗效果优于选用0.5％柠檬酸钠和0.35％氯化钾的。6、在利用最佳参数制备小鼠4-细胞期胚胎单卵裂球染色体标本时，经统计分析，两种阻断剂的作用效果差异不显著；而在制备小鼠8-细胞期胚胎单卵裂球染色体时阻断剂选用长春花碱的效果优于秋水仙素的(P＜0.05)。7、秋水仙素组和长春花碱组小鼠4、8-细胞胚胎单卵裂球染色体标本制备质量分别为：2.5、2.7、2.4、1.9。

There was anearlier repli-cation band in the broad,late replication legion W chromosome's long arm,whilst Z chromosome lacked this earlier replication band.

在W染色体长臂近着丝粒处有一个较早的复制带，Z染色体则缺乏这个复制带。

The egg production of a week et al was also analyzed . 18 pairs of microsatellite primers were screened from chromosome 1 and chromosome Z, the primers were designed to allow optimal performance of the markers, in sets containing multiple microsatellites, on ABI3100 sequencers. We determined there were correlation among 13 microsatellite markers and 19 characters in 25 egg traits through least square means. At the same time, we calculated correlation among characters of egg traits in silkies.

从鸡1号染色体和Z染色体上筛选出18对微卫星标记，进行多重PCR扩增，并对引物组合的反应体系进行优化，在F1群体中检测到13个标记位点分别与25种性状中的19种性状有不同程度的相关，并进行同一标记不同基因型间的多重比较，同时还计算了产蛋性状间的表型相关。

It was preliminarily assumed that Z〓Z〓 hybrids were fertile male, and Z〓W〓 hybrids were abnormal and sterile. Negative interactions between Z chromosome from H. assulta and W chromosome from H. armigera maybe the major reasons for abnormality of hybrids.

初步判断，正交产生的子一代中，同配性别的Z〓Z〓为有生育能力的雄性子一代，异配性别的Z〓W〓为无生育能力的畸形子一代；Z〓染色体和W〓染色体的不协调可能是造成子一代生殖器官畸形的主要原因。

Based on different DNA fragments between Z and W chromosome, the developed PCR method has no risk of the mistrial of those sex identification markers depended on W chromosome, and can omit extra internal control or restriction enzyme deigestion. The DNA-based spindlin gene approach can provide a rapid, exact and low cost method for sex identification in poultry.

本研究以PCR检测家禽Z与W性染色体中之纺缍体蛋白基因intron序列，以其长度的差异来鉴定家禽性别，可避免仅检测W染色体性别鉴定标记的误判，且不需再搭配内部对照，更不需结合限制酶切割法即进行家禽性别鉴定。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！