查询词典 chloroplast

However, chloroplast matK genes are indispensable since in nonphotosynthetic parasitic plant, Epifagus virginiana and fren, Adiantum capillus-veneris which chloroplast genome has rearrangememt, the chloroplast matK is functional even being a free-standing from with dismissed trnK exons.The chloroplasts of Psilotum, moss and liverworts all have trnK5'-matK-trnK3' structure, but it is found that matK is a pseudogene in hornwort Anthoceros formosae. Little is known in other lower land plants, it is the purpose of this thesis to examine the presence of chloroplast matK gene is these taxa.

叶绿体trnK5'-matK-trnK3'的结构在高等植物相当一致，但先前研究发现两个matK脱离trnK而存在的例子，像是叶绿体严重退化的寄生植物Epifagus virginiana及因叶绿体基因重组而导致trnK外显子丢失的铁线蕨，它们的matK仍然具有完整的开读框，显示了matK的确十分重要而不可缺失，藓苔类和松叶蕨也被证实具有trnK5'-matK-trnK3'的结构，但是在角藓中却发现其matK是伪基因。

Over the last 10 years, antisense transgenic plants have been used as tools to address this and have revealed some unexpected findings. In this article, chloroplast tpi gene from spinach and tandem genes of chloroplast tpi gene from spinach and cytoplast fba gene from rice were transferred into filamentous, heterocystour cyanobacterium Anabaena sp.

将菠菜叶绿体tpi和水稻胞质fba的串联基因连接在光诱导的高效启动子PpsbA下游，克隆入pDC-08中构建了既能在大肠杆菌又能在蓝藻中表达的穿梭表达载体pDC-AT，并通过三亲接合转移转入鱼腥藻7120。

The thylakoid of chloroplast was lost, the chloroplast was shrinked and composed into several discontinuous parts, which suggest that the function of chloroplast was destroyed;(2) the cell wall was thickened clearly, plasmolysis was found in most of Platymanas subcordiformis cells;(3) the number of mitochondria increased, some cristae of mitochondria were dissolved;(4) the number of vacuolar increased and the size of vacuolar was not uniform, the shape was deformed;(5) the nucleus was deformed and part of the nucleus membrane was dissolved;(6) Golgi dicytosomes accompanied with a loose arrangement of cisternae and the peripheral tips of the dictyosome cisternae are not especially swollen.

叶绿体内的类囊体缺失，叶绿体皱缩，叶绿体被分离成几个不连续的部分，说明叶绿体功能被破坏；(2)细胞壁明显增厚，细胞壁与细胞膜存在质壁分离现象；(3)线粒体数目增多，部分内嵴遭破坏；(4)液泡数目增多，大小不等，形状不规则；(5)细胞核变形，核膜部分解体；(6)UV-B处理的高尔基体有一个排列松弛的潴泡，潴泡的外围顶端并没有特别膨大。

Under normal temperature.the Ca2+-ATPase activity was found on the innerside of the PM.on the vacuole envelope and the chloroplast envelope,and theenzyme activity declined upon heat stress.The Ca2+-ATPase activity on the vacuoleenvelope,PM.and the chloroplast envelope in both Ca2+-and oxalate-treated peppermesophyll cells was higher than that in the control under the same condition.TheCa2+-ATPase was also found at the granum lamella,and it was activatedsignificantly by exogenous Ca2+ and oxalate treatments.Under heat stress.the Ca2+-ATPase activity declined slowly in both Ca2+- and oxalate-treated mesophyll cells.But La3+ treatment inhibited the enzyme activity under both normal condition andheat stress.

常温下生长的叶肉细胞，在质膜、液泡膜、叶绿体被膜等处有Ca2+-ATPase活性，热胁迫后酶活性下降；外源Ca2+和草酸预处理对辣椒叶肉细胞各种膜上Ca2+-ATPase活性具有促进作用，特别是定位于液泡膜、质膜和叶绿体被膜上的酶活性明显比对照提高；在叶绿体基粒和基质片层上也有酶活性，并且Ca2+和草酸预处理对该部位上的酶活性激活作用更明显；La3+处理的作用与Ca2+和草酸处理的效果相反。

The evident damage of chloroplast ultrastructure in S.polyrrihiza appeared at pH 2.5, but no severe plasmolysis and chloroplast swelling were seen.

紫萍在pH 3.5时膜系统的外渗率仍较低，基粒和基质类囊体结构无明显改变：pH 2.5时叶绿体结构才出现严重伤害，但未见明显的肿胀与质壁分离现象。

This paper summarizes the appropriate range of some DNA sequences that are commonly used in current pteridophyte molecular phylogenetics, which comprises sequences from three plant genomes (chloroplast, nucleo-tide, and mitochondria), especially focuses on the usage of chloroplast DNA regions.

本文综述了目前蕨类分子系统发育研究中常用的DNA序列分析，它们分别来自叶绿体基因组、核基因组和线粒体基因组，着重阐明叶绿体基因在蕨类分子系统学研究中的应用。

Therefore, the both affected ion exchange and changed ion balance inside and outside of chloroplast membrane. ABA reduced pH of chloroplast suspension and dropped electrical potential of chloroplast membrane, ZT increased this electrical potential.

因此，二者可影响叶绿体膜内外离子的交换，改变膜内外质子的平衡，ABA降低光下叶绿体悬浮介质的pH，降低膜的电势值，ZT则增加其电势。

The mitochondrion and chloroplast are the semiautonomous organelles: the DNA of mitochondrion and chloroplast; the protein synthesis of mitochondrion and chloroplast; protein sorting and assembly of mitochondrion and chloroplast.

线粒体和叶绿体是半自主性细胞器：线粒体和叶绿体的DNA；线粒体和叶绿体的蛋白质合成；线粒体和叶绿体蛋白质的运送和装配。

The results showed that with the increase of salt concentration,the chloroplast of oats expanded,the slices of basal granule were distorted or even disintegrated,matrix was tenuity,the starch particles disappeared,plastoglobulis became empty,and the membrane of chloroplast became disintegrated.

结果表明：随着盐碱浓度的增加，燕麦叶绿体膨胀，基粒片层扭曲、变形、松散，基质稀薄，淀粉粒消失，嗜锇颗粒变为空腔，膜逐渐解体。

The upper and lower epidermal in the yellow leaf of Celtis julianae 'Aurea' had almost no chloroplast, but after reverting green the chloroplast appeared and the number of the chloroplast, starch grains increased and plastoglobulus reduced.

金叶珊瑚朴黄色叶的上下表皮细胞中几乎不含叶绿体，但转绿后的叶片中上下表皮叶绿体的数目增多，故叶色变绿。叶色由黄转绿过程中，淀粉粒增多，体积变大，嗜锇小球减少。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。