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In the early modern times and with the establishment of trading ports along the coastal and bonier areas, northwest China gradually had more deals with the international and domestic markets, and the commercialization of the products of animal husbandry and the export-oriented marketing made unprecedented progress, which greatly improved the backwardness of northwest China and became an important part of China's export-oriented economy in the early modern times.

进入近代以后，随着沿海、沿边口岸的对外开放，这一地区逐步与更加广阔的国内和国际市场接轨，畜牧业产品商品化、市场化和外向化程度，有了空前迅速的提高，从而大大改变了这一地区的相对封闭落后状态，成为中国近代外向型经济的重要组成部分。

"China's commodity imports reached record highs in 1H09, buoying global commodity prices and confidence in China's economic recovery," Ben Simpfendorfer, chief China economist for Royal Bank of Scotland, wrote.

苏格兰皇家银行首席中国经济学家贝哲民在报告中表示：中国大宗商品进口在今年上半年创历史新高，推升了全球大宗商品价格，并提振了人们对中国经济复苏的信心。

From the founding of the Party in 1921 to its fourth congress in 1925, or from Communist Party of China's program to the second edition of the corrected constitution of the Communist Party of China passed in the Communist Party of China's fourth congress, Democratic Centralism burgeoned.

从一九二一年七月党的创立到一九二五年二月党的四大的召开，即从中共一大通过的《中国共产党纲领》到中共四大通过的《中国共产党第二次修正章程》，这一时期属于党章中民主集中思想的萌芽时期。

In September 11, 2001, to push the "Green education action in schools in China" run by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, the World Wide Fund for Nature and the British Petroleum Company, the MOE decided to set up 8 canters in 8 normal universities in different regions of China.

可持续发展教育历来是华南师范大学重点研究项目之一。20世纪80年代末，华南师范大学成立环境科学研究院，该研究院致力于环境保护的科学和教育研究。2001年9月11日，为了推进中华人民共和国教育部，世界自然基金会和英国石油公司共同倡导的&中国校园绿色教育行动&，教育部决定在全国8大师范院校成立8个研究中心。

These theories respectively are the governing theory, liability-control theory and trust-deputize theory. The reason why we choose these theory to analyses the problem of incorruptible style supervision system construction of China customs is that the China customs, in theory, ignored the governing of bureaucracy, incompatible the liability-control, and the problem of asymmetry information. Because of the problem of concerning above, in reality, China customs should be appear the problem like feebleness of power of uprightness lead, weakness of superior supervision, catabolizing of polity power, the emptiness of same grade supervision, and failure of incorruptible supervision.

本文认为从这些理论视角出发，我国海关在理论上正是由于不重视科层之间的治理，责任控制无法相互对应，和委托代理产生的信息不对称的问题，而在实践中必然出现现行廉政监督机制的制度缺陷：垂直领导体制下的集权弱化，上级监督&虚监&问题；监督组织政治权威的异化，同级监督&弱监&问题；基层单位高度集权体制下的监督虚化，内部监督&漏监&问题；惩罚失当使腐败收益上升成本降低，廉政监督&失灵&问题等四个方面的弊端。

Besides, this paper is based on the data of the population censes in 2000 with the total fertility rate as the controlling parameter, using PEOPLE and EXCELL to make an analysis of the trend of the oldest- old in China. The result of this analysis demonstrates that the oldest-old is increasing at the fastest rate in China, which has become a block in the development of China.

本文还以中国2000年人口普查数据为基础，以总和生育率为调控参数，在一定的死亡水平之下，采用People和Excell对中国高龄老年人口进行趋势分析，预测结果表明，中国高龄老年人口仍然是增长最快的人口群体，其问题的严重性已不言而喻。

George Thomas Staunton's legend China experiences is one of British overseas colonizes exploration representative personages in 19th century initial period, this thesis penetrates to the description of his biography key activities, besides the supplement formerly Chinese scholar's insufficiency which studied about him, the author hoped take him as an example, further contacted some more important fields, like Europeans outside the territory exploration, philosophical history, the British free trade ideological trend and East India Company, the British views on China after Macartney Embassy, the Orientalism, the anthropology research, the China and the West culture impact and so on questions, hoped could evoke more discussions.

斯当东传奇性的中国经历是19世纪初期英国海外殖民探险的代表人物之一，本论文透过对其生平重要活动的描绘，除补遗先前中文学界对此人研究的缺漏外，笔者希望以其为例，进一步触及较重要的层面，如欧人域外探险、「历史哲学」史观、英国自由贸易思潮与东印度公司、马戛尔尼使团后英人的中国意象、东方主义、人类学研究、中西文化冲击等问题，希能引发学界更多的讨论。

In consideration of status of the traditional fishing rights in the exclusive economic zone system, when delimitates the maritime boundaries with relevant states in east China sea and yellow sea, China should stress the following main factors in order to strive for gains as much as possible, such as geology, geography, length of coastal line, reasonable reservation of fishery resources, equal exploitation to fishery resources, especially stress economic impacts on China.

鉴于传统捕鱼权在专属经济区中的地位，当我国与有关国家进行东、黄海海域划界时，应强调地质、地貌、海岸线的长度、渔业资源的合理保护和对渔业资源的公平利用等，特别是经济因素，以争取合理的利益。

The summary demarcates the problem to solving the continental shelf of East China Sea between China and Japan, China insists that should delimit according to the fair principle on the basis of international law through the negotiation, Japan maintain that demarcates the suitable medium line method with the sea area of the relevant countries.

针对解决中日两国之间的东海大陆架划界问题，中国坚持应通过协商在国际法基础上按公平原则划定；日本主张与相关国家的海域划界适用中间线方法。由于海洋划界关系到各当事国家的主权和切身利益，应当坚持公平原则这个根本立场。

The Cross-Strait relations are in a special status in a long time. The interactions between Taiwan and China in the economy are closely day by day, but in the politics are very different. China intervenes Taiwan in internationally again and again to unroll it's arrogance of power. And in Taiwan of DPP came into power past eight years, DPP highlighted the sovereignty question to avoide the breakdown of politics. Those made Taiwan and China to keep in addition kind of balance of 'closing economy, disaffecting polics'.

两岸关系长期以来处在一种特殊的情境之下，经济上双方的交流日益密切，甚至有形成共同体之趋势，但是在政治上，彼此的隔阂却日渐深化，彼岸一再打压，展现强权姿态，台湾在民进党执政八年期间，凸显主权问题，以防政治防线崩堤，危及其生存根本，使得双方保持著「经济拉近、政治疏远」的另类平衡。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。