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The first part includes two chapters, discussing the engenderment and formation of the conception of Ligeti's structural thinking from a macro perspective, emphasizing the influences from history, culture and the whole musical context in the 20th century. The second part includes four chapters, discussing the techniques used in Ligeti's works from a micro perspective. The third, fourth and fifth chapters emphasize "structural processes", while the sixth chapter analyzes "structural shape".

上篇包括两章，主要对利盖蒂的结构思维观念从产生到形成进行宏观论述，着重探讨了20世纪的历史、文化、音乐创作大背景对利盖蒂结构思维发展的影响：下篇包括四章，主要对利盖蒂的结构思维表现手法进行微观分析，第三、四、五章从"技法形态"对其作品进行分析，第六章从"布局形态"对其作品进行分析，这一部分比第一部分偏重，也是本文的重点。

Many scholars think that these chapters are another epistle, because they are so different from the preceding chapters.

许多学者认为，这些章节是另一个书信，因为他们是如此不同，前面的章节。

It may be divided into two parts except for introduction and conclusion. Firstly, chapters 2,4,5,6 investigate and analyze the informal debt-collection practice in Southern China, and chapter 3 deals with the concept of self-help explanatorily. Secondly, chapters 7,8,9 explore self-help more generally and try to construct a general theory of self-help remedy.

除导论和结语外，全文可分为二大部分：第二、四、五、六章系对华南一个民间收债个案的调查与分析，其中插入第三章私力救济的概念；第七、八、九章虽未完全脱离个案，但力图放宽视野，更一般地分析私力救济现象和进行理论建构。

This dissertation consists of five chapters. The arrangement of the chapters and the main contents in each chapter are presented as follows:In chapter 1, we make a brief introduction to all kinds of magnetoresistance effects; the basic properties of the perovskite-type manganese oxides, including research history, crystal structure, electronic structure, magnetic structure, and the electronic and magnetic phase diagrams; the strain relaxation of manganite thin films; and the research progress in application.

各章的主要内容分别概括如下：第一章简单介绍了各种磁电阻效应；钙钛矿锰氧化物的基本性质，包括研究历史、晶体结构、电子结构、磁结构和电磁相图；锰氧化物薄膜中应力弛豫；锰氧化物在应用方面的研究进展。

The first two chapters showcase the Anti-Rightist Campaign (1957) and "the Great Leap Forward"(1958). Based on the works of Poetry and the poems relevant to the two said political campaigns, these two chapters analyze the ways in which the poems assembled, cohered and acquired referentiality intra-textually and in a wider cultural context. Changes in that formative process provide an effective frame of reference for us to reflect on the losses and gains of the Poetry and socialist literature in a particular time.

前两章分别选择1957年下半年的"反右派"和1958年的大跃进这两个典型的运动，根据《诗刊》与这两个运动有关的作品来分析文本与文本群、文本类型在自身内部以及在更大的文化语境中聚集、凝结和获取现实指涉力的方式，其中的变化过程为我们思考和总结一个刊物和一个阶段的社会主义文艺的特点和得失提供一个有效的观察点。

The whole thesis is divided into nine chapters, its first six chapters focus on the analyses of terrorism, then the last three chapters turn to studying a new thinking of international cooperation against terrorism On the analyses of the part of terrorism with the first three chapters, I define terrorism as follows: Terrorism is a kind of action or thought in which it is the intentional use of, or threat to use ruleless violence or technical methods against civilians or against civilian targets, in order to attain political aims. What differs from other scholars' definitions is that the definition proposed states that terrorism is not only a political violence, but also a social trend of thought.

在前六章的对"恐怖主义"的分析上，本文提出了有别于他人的恐怖主义定义："使用或主张使用无规则的暴力或技术手段，或是袭击平民和或是袭击公用设施，以图达到政治目的的一种行为与社会思潮"，认定恐怖主义不仅是一种政治暴力行为，更是一种社会思潮；还对自杀性恐怖主义、恐怖主义的类型和划分、恐怖主义的历史与发展历程、恐怖主义形成的机理及理论解释等论题进行了较系统的理论探索，分析了伊斯兰原教旨主义与恐怖主义的关系；而且，还根据论文作者本人在国外调研掌握到的大量翔实的第一手资料，揭示了境外"东突"恐怖分子是"国际恐怖主义的一部分"的本来面目，并分析和预测了它们未来的发展趋势，提出了中国反对东突恐怖势力的若干建议。

The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first, the technologies of atomic force microscopy and of the measurement elasticity of biomolecules were introduced. In the second, the validity of VSPFM was confirmed by lift mode atomic force microscopy. In this chapter, the height of DNA was measured by lift mode atomic force microscopy, which demonstrated that the method of height measurement of biomolecules by VSPFM was correct and established the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by vibrating mode scanning polarization force microscopy. In the third chapter, detailed work has been illustrated on the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by VSPFM. And the compressive elasticity of DNA was measured. In fourth and fifth chapters, the method was applied in the measurement elasticity of proteins. Two proteins elasticity, fibre-like protein α-synuclein and global protein IgG, were measured by VSPFM, through which the method wound its way to the application of biomolecules. In last chapter, the final part of the thesis was a summary. A conclusion of the thesis and a self-comment on my work as a PhD candidate have been made, and expectation about the further works has been addressed.

本论文共分为六章，第一章，引言部分主要介绍了原子力显微镜技术及生物大分子弹性测量技术；第二章主要是VSPFM方法的正确性论证，介绍抬高模式原理，利用抬高模式原子力显微镜对DNA的高度进行测量，论证振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的高度的正确性以及准确性，从而为振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的弹性方法的建立奠定基础；第三章以脱氧核糖核酸为例详细介绍了振动模式极化力显微镜测量生物大分子弹性的方法的建立，对DNA的压弹性进行了初步的测量和分析；第四章和第五章介绍了振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用：α-synuclein和IgG分别是纤维状蛋白和球状颗粒蛋白，通过振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量这两种蛋白质的弹性，摸索振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用；第六章对全文进行了总结，在对论文的工作进行归纳和自我评价之后，还对进一步的工作进行了展望。

The main article is divided into six chapters: the first and second chapters discribe compositely the historical background and expression form of the birth and development of Early Chinese Commercial Advertisement as the clue of full text; the third chapter discusses specifically the type and style of Early Chinese Commercial Advertisement as the emphasis of the article; the fourth, fifth and sixth chapters present agencies of Early Chinese Commercial Advertisement, professional quality of adpersonin, printing technology of advertisement and Early Chinese Commercial Education.

文章主体分为六章：其中第一、二章作为全文的线索，对中国早期商业广告诞生和发展的历史背景、表现形式作综合的描述；第三章是本文的重点，具体讨论中国早期商业广告的种类和设计风格；第四、五、六章介绍中国早期的商业广告机构、广告人的专业素质、广告的印刷技术、以及中国早期的广告教育。

The first two chapters look back the urbanization and status of American municipality before the end of 19th century; and discuss the city boss in the latter part of 19th century; following two chapters discusses American municipal reform in the progressive movement; chapter five analyzes the theoretical contribution of Richard Childs-father of city-manager plan; the last two chapters highlight the establishment and growth of city-manager plan.

第一章回顾了美国19世纪末以前城市化的进程；第二章论述了市政体制早期的发展和19世纪后半期城市老板僭权；第三、四章论述了进步运动时期的市政体制改革；第五章阐释了城市经理制之父——理查德·蔡尔斯对城市经理制的理论贡献；第六、七章对城市经理制的诞生及其基本发展脉络进行了分析和综述。

In chapter eighteen Lord Krsna sums up the conclusion of the previous chapters and describes the attainment of salvation by the paths of karma in chapters one through six and in jnana yoga section which are chapters thirteen through eighteen.

在第十八章中，主奎师那把前面章节的结论做了总结。从第一章到第六章，他描述了通过因缘修行之路而获得解脱成就。从第十三章到第十八章，他描述了通过修行依纳纳瑜珈而获得解脱成就。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。