查询词典 change

The conclusion is that the path of Nanjie's institutional change is the outcome of the coevolution, say, competition, constraints, enforcement and transformation between the state and market; the coevolution have three dimensions: benefit, legitimacy and ideology; the path and outcome of institutional change in the process of coevolution are shaped by both the dual process of modernization and marketization in China's social transformation and the path dependence and cultural lag in China's incremental reform strategy: on the one hand, as historical conditions, the proceeding and logic of China's modernization constraint the state and market's institutional choices; on the other hand, under the interplay between the path dependence and cultural lag, the interaction between the state and market can produce various complex combinations, therefore various institutional landscape, even "institutional paradox".

本文认为，高度政治化、高度集体化的南街村体制是国家与市场互动演化，即国家与市场之间相互竞争、制约、强化和改变的结果；国家与市场之间的互动演化有利益、合法性和意识形态等三个维度，而互动演化所造成的制度变迁轨迹和结果则同时受中国社会转型中的现代化进程和市场化进程，以及渐进式改革中的路径依赖和文化堕距的影响：一方面，现代化进程作为一种共同的历史条件制约着国家和市场各自在互动过程中的制度选择；另一方面，在路径依赖和文化堕距的交互作用下，国家与市场之间的互动会形成多种复杂的、犬牙交错的组合，从而塑造出千姿百态的制度景象甚至"悖论"。

Taste cells are cultured on the LAPS chip for several days and then the change of extracellular signals can be detected by measuring the change of LAPS photocurrent. Compared with MEA and FET array, LAPS chip is easier to fabricate and allows us to track taste cells cultured randomly and locate it to desirable site taking advantage of light-addressability of LAPS.

与MEA和FET阵列芯片相比，LAPS芯片不仅制各工艺简单，而且其光源可移动寻址，方便对芯片表面随机培养的细胞进行跟踪定位，克服了MEA和FET阵列芯片固定检测位点几何特性的限制。

Had determined the rubber aerocyst model and the material"s parameter, analyzed the change of the curtain line geometry characteristic during the operation process of air spring with the mechanics performance change as well as gas solid coupling between the gas unit and the rubber aerocyst wall with the non-linear finite element analysis.despite of the influence The rubber piles did to landscape orientation rigidity and the perpendicular rigidity, more importantly, it could temporarily support the vehicle"s body when the spring capsule leaks air or bursts, enable the vehicle has a good traffic safety, this article has also carried on the detailed analysis about it.

橡胶堆除了对垂向刚度和横向刚度有影响外，更重要的是，当空气弹簧胶囊漏气或破裂的时候，可以暂时地起支撑车体的作用，使行车安全有了保障，本文对此也进行了详细的分析。

Based on the definitions of metric tensor and curvature tensor, the full expressions of their changes are put forward with asymptotic analysis, where the metric tensor change expression coincides with Ciarlet's, and the curvature tensor change expression is described more accurately than Ciarlet's.

提出的度量张量的改变量与Ciarlet给出的一致，而曲率张量的改变量比Ciarlet给出的更精确。

There are alexandrite like color change and cymophane spinels. Color change spinels are discovered in Srilanka and Umba river of Tanzania.

变色尖晶石是在斯里兰卡和坦桑尼亚的文巴河流域发现的，自然光下呈石蓝紫色，白炽光下呈紫红色。

In his oscillating dalliance with "experience" and "change", he seems to have plumped for "change" as the foundation of his campaign.

在经验和改变两张牌中摇摆不定，布朗看似猛然投注于改变，把其作为他竞选的基石。

Characteristics of free vibration and forced vibration of a damped system with dry frictional damping,viscous damping and c x·2 damping are analyzed and calculated,acceleration response of free-vibration of the dry frictional damped system has a sudden change when x· is zero,the change value is constant and depends only on the natural frequency ωn and the displacement xk due to dry friction.

本文对存在干摩擦阻尼、粘性阻尼和c.x2阻尼系统的自由振动及受迫振动特性进行了解析及数值计算，得到干摩擦阻尼系统自由振动的加速度响应在速度零点有一突变，这一变化量为定值，且只与系统固有频率ωn及摩擦当量位移xk有关。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

The customer change, often means that a market the change and the adjustment, incautiously even the market will bring the deathblow to partial.

客户的变动，往往意味着一个市场的变更和调整，一不小心甚至会对局部市场带来致命的打击。

Face a foundation to teach the tide that course reforms, the pedagogic state of mind that participates in a class to change is disparate, outstanding table is as follows now a few respects: One, because the essence that does not catch a class to change on understanding is long-term since the debar from holding office that gets traditional education idea, the school and teachers are used to be in what should try educational baton to drive under, blindly follow sb.

面对基础教育课程改革的潮流，参与课改的教师心态迥异，突出表现在如下几个方面：一、在熟悉上抓不住课改的本质由于长期以来受传统教育思想的禁锢，学校和教师们习惯于在应试教育的指挥棒的驱赶之下，亦步亦趋。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新