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The nonlinearity and discrete gradient inherited in CAViaR model is a conundrum for parameter estimation. We take the asymmetric Laplace distribution with scale parameter as the error process; indicate the variance has a minimum positive value when the scale parameter is a constant, conflicting with the distribution of real financial data. Further we estimate the parameters of indirect TARCH-CAViaR model base on Bayesian framework and Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The optimal scale parameter can also be obtained by Markov chain Monte Carlo method.

CAViaR一般模型中递归分位回归方程的非线性和非连续可微性是参数估计的一个难题，基于含有尺度参数的不对称拉普拉斯分布作为误差过程，指出将尺度参数固定为常数会导致不对称拉普拉斯分布随机变量的方差存在最小正值的限制，与实际金融数据分布不符；进而提出采用贝叶斯分析和马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗模拟方法，估计间接TARCH-CAViaR模型的参数，并可获得尺度参数的合理估计。

They had longer chain gaps and needed a chain that was "stiffer" laterally.

他们长链的差距和需要一个链是"严厉的"横向。

Through the calculation on flexivity of drag-chain and length of chain curve,set screw-pull-ing instrumentneeds to be adaptedto suitable period.

通过对牵引链的挠度和链曲线长的计算，确定链传动需要调整的适当时期。

In traditional business environment, the enterprises emphasize the meticulous division of labor, entrusting the real object resources, realizing internal value of enterprises value chains have already displayed some blemish and shortage under the new development environment: Because of the logistics, funds and information of the entity within traditional business activities flowing to all was restricted by that time, resulting in the lengthiness of the value chain, dispersion, the management structure of many layers pyramid type of the value chain inner part.

在传统的上午环境中，企业强调细致的分工，倚重实物资源，多以人工手段和传统方式达成企业内部各个价值点的实现。

Supply chain is some kind of food chain, enterprise is one kind of life-form, enterprise community is like biotic community, and the industry environment is a kind of ecology environment.

如何解决这些问题，并对我国电子信息的发展提出好的建议和规划，是我国电子信息产业界和经济学界一直在不断探索的问题。

A hybrid convolution was used to analyze the assembly functions of linear dimension chain and nonlinear dimension chain.

采用混合卷积法对线性尺寸链和非线性尺寸链的装配函数进行统计公差分析，混合卷积法是解析卷积和数值卷积的结合使用。

The operating range suitable for three-phase reaction was obtained and a mathematical model established. The results show that MSB formed by fine magnetizable powder and fliudizing flow can be operated stably in a wide range. MSB has three kinds of regimes: particulate, chain, and magnetically condensed. In these regimes, the chain regime is the best for three-phase reaction. When Ni-RE-P catalyst particles mixed with some iron powder, magnetically stabilization is easily achieved; therefore, it is possible that NiRE-P catalyst can be controlled in the bed for reaction more easilly if adding certain percentage of iron powder.

研究结果表明：细粉铁磁性颗粒形成的磁稳定床可在较宽流速范围内稳定操作，该磁稳定床有三种操作状态：散粒状态，链式状态和磁聚状态，其中有利于进行气液固三相反应的操作状态是链式状态；当磁稳定床在最小流化速度和带出速度之间操作时，床层处于链式状态；最小流化速度和带出速度可用（1-24）、（1-25）、（1-27）、（1-33）式计算；弱软磁性Ni-RE-P非晶催化剂中混入定量铁粉颗粒后便可形成磁稳定床，因此利用混入铁粉颗粒在外加磁场作用下控制弱磁性非晶催化剂颗粒进行反应的方法是可能的。

It provided the electrical, major axis transmission chain, chain, sprocket and the cross-piece composition.

它只要由电机、链传动长轴、链条、链轮以及三级滑叉组成。

The chain has been oxidized to give it a darkened finish which makes it a superb chain to match oxidized pendants, pendants set with marcasite, or other genuine antique or vintage pieces.

这家连锁店已经被氧化为给它一个黑暗的完成这使得它拥有一支优秀链匹配氧化吊坠，吊坠设置与白铁矿，或其他真正的古董或老式件。

Then we estimate the amount of land use in 2002 and 2005 by Markoff Chain Method and Artificial Neural Network. We also use Markoff Chain to estimate the structure change of land usage from ...

并利用马尔可夫链和神经网络两种方法预测了上海市中心城区 2 0 0 2年和 2 0 0 5年的土地利用结构和土地利用结构的变化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。