查询词典 chain reaction

Calcium sulfate has been used for bone regenation in oral medicine. Osteopontin, a marker molecule, expressed by osteoblast, plays multiple roles in human body. However, the effect of calcium sulfate on osteopontin expressed in osteoblasts is unclear. In this study, U-2 osteosarcoma osteoblastic cells were cultured in 0, 0.5, 1, or 10 μM calcium sulfate hemihydrate. There was no effect in the proliferation of cells, suggesting that calcium sulfate up to 10 μM is biocompatible. The cells and conditioned media were collected for analyzing mRNA and protein levels of osteopontin by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively.

硫酸钙用於口腔医学中的骨头再生已经有多年历史，骨桥素是一种被骨母细胞分泌且在人体扮演重要多重角色的标的分子，然而，硫酸钙在骨母细胞分泌硫酸钙上的影响仍未明朗，在本实验之中，培养U-2骨肉瘤类骨母细胞(U-2 osteosarcoma osteoblastic cells)於0、0.5、1、10 μM的硫酸钙之中，在细胞数目的复制上，四种硫酸钙浓度并无影响，显示出U-2骨肉瘤类骨母细胞培养於10 μM的硫酸钙仍是生物相容性的。

Nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that c-SPH mRNA is expressed most in tissues with the highest hemocyte abundance.

巢状反转录聚合酶连锁反应显示c-SPH mRNA的讯号在血球中最为强烈。

Methods BALB/c mice were anesthetized with ether and infected intracranially with 20 μl 4.5×108 plaque forming units of coxsackievirus B3. CVB3 RNA in mice brain was detected by reversal transcription polymerase chain reaction and the pathological changes of brain tissues were observed by HE staining.

BALB/c纯系小鼠分两组，实验组小鼠颅内直接注射滴度为4.5×108 pfu的柯萨奇病毒B3悬液20 μl，对照组颅内注射生理盐水20 μl，应用逆转录酶聚合酶链反应法测定脑组织中CVB3 RNA含量，HE染色观察脑组织病理学的改变。

Fund Project: the National Natural Science and Technology Source Program, No. 2001DEA1006*Abstract: Number of neural stem cells is small. NSCs look like circle or ellipse with or without short neurite, with large nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and deep karyotin. NSCs have no visible differences with other kinds of cells in appearance, and have no cell surface marker. Currently, there are mainly three aspects to identify NSCs: expression of specific nerve antigen, including nestin, Musashi, transcription factor, and cell adhesion molecules; self-renewal ability including single cell clone analysis, BrdU mark and S phase cell; the potential of multi-direction differentiation including immunocytochemical process and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

由于神经干细胞的数量很少，从细胞形态来看神经干细胞为圆形或椭圆形，无或有较短的突起，核质比大，核染色较深，形态上与其它种类的细胞没有明显的差异，并且未找到一种细胞表面特异性标志物，因此目前鉴定神经干细胞主要有以下3个方面：特异性神经抗原的表达，包括巢蛋白、Musashi、转录因子及细胞黏附分子；自我更新能力，包括单细胞克隆分析、BrdU标记S期细胞；多向分化潜能，包括免疫细胞化学法、聚合酶链反应色法。

Number of neural stem cells is small. NSCs look like circle or ellipse with or without short neurite, with large nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and deep karyotin. NSCs have no visible differences with other kinds of cells in appearance, and have cell surface marker. Currently, there are mainly three aspects to identify NSCs: expression of specific nerve antigen, including nestin, Musashi, transcription factor, and cell adhesion molecules; self-renewal ability including single cell clone analysis, BrdU mark and S phase cell; the potential of multi-direction differentiation including immunocytochemical process and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

由于神经干细胞的数量很少，从细胞形态来看神经干细胞为圆形或椭圆形，无或有较短的突起，核质比大，核染色较深，形态上与其它种类的细胞没有明显的差异，并且未找到一种细胞表面特异性标志物，因此目前鉴定神经干细胞主要有以下3个方面：特异性神经抗原的表达，包括巢蛋白、Musashi、转录因子及细胞黏附分子；自我更新能力，包括单细胞克隆分析、BrdU标记S期细胞；多向分化潜能，包括免疫细胞化学法、聚合酶链反应色法。

Fig 1 Negative control Female umbilical cord sample has no Y-specific signal after in situ hybridization with the biotinylated Y-repeated sequence DNA probe PY3.4 Fig 2 Positive control Flow-sorted male umbilical cord cells hybridized to Y-specific DNA probe PY3.4,Every cell contains a Y-specific signal Fig 3 Fetal cells sorted from maternal blood Flow-sorted cells from a pregnant woman at 20 weeks of gestation hybridized to Y-specific DNA probe PY3.4,containing a Y-specific signal Fig 4 The result of polymerase chain reaction Lane 1:male umbilical cord NRBCs sorted by FITC-conjugated anti-monoclonal glycophorin A;Lane 2:sample of 2;Lane 3:male umbilical cord NRBCs sorted by FITC-conjugated anti-CD36;Lanes 4-5:samples of 1 and 3;Lane 6:50 cells of male;Lane 7:5 cells of male;Lane 8:200ng male DNA(positive+control);Lane 9:nonpregnant female DNA(negative+control);Lane 10:ΦX174 HaeⅢ Maker,271bp:amplified band of Y-specific gene SRY;383bp:amplified band of human β-globin gene

图1 阴性对照女性脐带血标本，经与生物素标记的Y-染色体重复序列DNA探针原位杂交后未见Y-染色体特异信号图2 阳性对照分选的男性脐血细胞经与Y-特异DNA探针杂交后，每一细胞都含有Y-染色体特异信号图3 母体外周血中分选的胎儿细胞从一位妊娠20周的孕妇外周血中分选出的细胞经与Y-特异DNA探针杂交细胞中含有Y-染色体特异信号图4 聚合酶链反应结果 1：GPA-FITC单抗分选男胎脐血NRBCs；2：2号标本；3：CD36-FITC单抗分选男胎脐血NRBCs；4、5：1、3号标本；6：50个男性细胞标本；7：5个男性细胞标本；8：200ng男性DNA；9：未孕女性DNA；10：ΦX174 HaeⅢ标准，271bp：为SRY基因扩增带；383bp：为人β-珠蛋白基因扩增带内参照

The AC2 gene fragment of cotton leaf curl virus was obtained from total DNA of CLCuV infected tobacco leaves by polymerase chain reaction, and the amplified DNA fragment was cloned into vector.

以棉花曲叶病毒侵染的烟草叶片组织总DNA为模板，通过聚合酶链反应扩增CLCuV的AC2基因片段并插入克隆载体。

In this study, a novel EoRab gene was cloned from Euplotes octocarinatus by degenerated primer polymerase chain reaction, with a length of 814 bp in macronucleus and 669 bp in the coding region.

本研究运用PCR技术从原生动物八肋游仆虫大核基因组中克隆获得了一个新的EoRab基因，该基因在八肋游仆虫大核基因组中全长814bp，编码区为669bp，拟编码222个氨基酸。

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction tests for eotaxin-1 messager RNA were performed in 5 cases of nasal polyps accompanied with chronic sinusitis and 2 cases with fungal ball sinusitis, and 2 cases of inferior turbinate mucosa.

并运用RT-PCR的方法检测5例慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉﹑2例真菌球性鼻窦炎合并息肉和2例下鼻甲黏膜中Eotaxin-1mRNA的表达情况。

METHODS Microdissection technique with micromanipulator under microscope, as well as subsequent DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction amplification methods, was employed.

通过光学显微镜直视下用显微操纵系统进行显微切割技术结合DNA提取和PCR方法，对在组织切片上获取病毒核内包涵体的来源进行分子生物学鉴定。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。