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Stannous caprylate was selected as the catalyst. Under certain vacuum, we investigate the relation of both the dose of catalyst, the temperature of reaction, the time of reaction and the molecular weight of the PLA.Furthermore we investigate how the purity of lactide and the circumstance of vacuum affect the molecular weight of the PLA.

实验中选用辛酸亚锡Sn(oct_2为催化剂，在一定的真空度下考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间与聚乳酸分子量的关系；并考察了丙交酯纯度及真空度对聚乳酸分子量的影响。

The result shows that urban landuse growth in Wuxi City has distinct phase character since 1978, which reflects the course of urban development and maturily. Owing to the diversity of local nature, traffic, society and economy condition and the leading of policy, spatial distribution of urban construction landuse growth in Wuxi City has distinct diversity and strong centripetalism. The central city landuse growth has distinct leading direction at different period of time. And the central city has so strong attraction and radiation force to the market towns that dominate the direction of landuse growth of the market towns scattered around a certain distance.

研究表明：改革开放以来，无锡市城镇建设用地扩展具有显著的阶段性，用地扩展模式反映了城市发育、成长乃至成熟的历程；自然交通、社会经济条件的差异以及政策的引导，无锡市城镇建设用地扩展的空间方位差异显著，具有较强的向心性，主城区不同时段扩展的主导方向明显，对其周围集镇具有强大的吸引力和辐射力，它主宰着周围一定范围内集镇用地发展方向。

To be different from the already chloromethylation catalyst, it has a certain amount of moisture wet, which will not produce huge amounts of doughtic cancerogenic chloromethyl methyl ether during and after the reaction.4,4\'-bisbiphenyl, 1,4-bisbenzene, 1,4-bis(chloro- methyl)-2,5-dimethylbenzene, 1,5-bis-2,4-dimethylbenzene, 4-(chlor- omethyl)-1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,2-bis-4,5-dimethylbenzene, 5,8-bis-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, 3,3\',5-tris-4,4\'-bisbiphenyl and 3,3\', 5,5\'-tetrakis-4,4\'-bisbiphenyl were synth- esized by using this new catalyst. Results indicated that when the reaction temperature was 55～60℃, the reaction time was 12h, the catalyst which consists of the concentration of 80%H_2SO_4, HAc and Lewis acid, the amount of Lewis acid 0.15 mol(nLewis:nbiphenyl=1.5:1), yield of biphenyl chloromethylation product 4,4\'-bis(chrolomethylbiphenyl can reach a maximum 85%.

采用这种催化体系完成了4，4′-二氯甲基联苯、对二氯甲基苯、1，4-二氯甲基-2，5-二甲基苯、1，5-二氯甲基-2，4-二甲基苯、4-氯甲基-1，2-二甲基苯、1，2-二氯甲基-4，5-二甲基苯、5，8-二氯甲基-四氢萘、3，3'，5-三氯甲基-4，4'-二甲基苯和3，3'，5，5'-四氯甲基-4，4'-二甲基苯的合成，结果表明：在反应条件为：反应温度55～60℃，反应时间12h，选择80%H_2SO_4、冰醋酸和Lewis酸为催化剂，反应最佳反应Lewis酸用量是0.15mol(和原料比为1.5：1)，反应效果最好，联苯氯甲基化产物(4，4′-二氯甲基联苯)收率为85%；在反应条件为：反应温度70℃，反应时间8h，80%H_2SO_4、冰醋酸和Lewis酸为催化剂，反应最佳反应Lewis酸用量是0.1mol(和原料比为1：1)时，反应效果最好，苯的氯甲基化产物收(来源：ABd0C论文eded网www.abclunwen.com)率为75%；在反应条件为：在反应条件为：反应温度40℃，反应时间10h，60%H_2SO_4和Lewis酸为催化剂，反应最佳反应Lewis酸用量是0.1mol(和原料比为1：1)时，反应效果最好，对二甲苯氯甲基化产物(1，4-二氯甲基-2，5-二甲基苯)收率为78.5%；在反应条件为：反应温度35℃，反应时间10h，60%H_2SO_4、冰醋酸和Lewis酸为催化剂，反应最佳反应Lewis酸用量是0.1mol(和原料比为1：1)时，反应效果最好，间二甲苯氯甲基化产物(1，5-二氯甲基-2，4-二甲基苯)收率为81.5%。

To the collophanite of certain region, Liaoning Province, the content of P_2O_5 was 19.50% and MgO was 6.87%. Using MG as collector to reversely float dolomite, its concentrate can be upgraded to 24.68%(P_2O_5), and the P_2O_5 grade of concentrate of sodium oleate as collector was only 21%. Simultaneity, the recovery of P_2O_5 of concentrate was 83.20%; the tailing contained P_2O_5 only 10%, it obviously declined compareing with sodium oleate.

对于辽宁某地胶磷矿(原矿含P_2O_5 19.50％，MgO 6.87％)，使用MG药剂及单一反浮选工艺，可获得P_2O_5品位24.68％的精矿，较传统的油酸钠提高约3个品位，磷回收率83.20％，而尾矿P_2O_5品位仅为10％左右，比油酸钠等的尾矿P_2O_5有明显下降。

In order to decrease the error rate of speech recognition, speaker adaptation techniques are often used to adjust speaker-dependent acoustic models. MLLR (Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression) and MAP are two of the most popular techniques in recent years. MLLR uses the technique of regression trees. It calculates the transform matrix for each leaf node of the tree. This makes it possible to use fewer sentences to decrease the error rate of HMM-based speech recognition. However, while we examined the recognition result, we found that although the overall error rate decreased, but the error rate of certain confusable phones was higher. In order to solve this problem, we propose the use MPE (Minimum Phone Error Discriminative Training) to solve this problem.

在语音辨识技术的实际应用上，语者调适技术常被用做调整语者无关之声学模型，使其对於特定语者之辨识率有所提升，常见的语者调适技术有最大化相似度线性回归（Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression），其精神在於透过对语音辨识模型相近的mixture做群聚，再对各个群聚做调整，以期能达到利用少量语料，提升辨识率的目的，但其缺点为，在发音上相近的模型，其mixture原本就极为近似，若再分类为同一群聚做调整，容易因为使用者的发音习惯，而使模型偏向ㄓ或ㄗ，因此虽然整体的辨识率获得提升，但却造成混淆音的错误率上升。

The results showed that: with the regression analysis of Betula platyphylla, Pinus koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis, Picea koyamai var koraiensis, and Betula costata, there was a significant negative correlation between neighborhood interference index and the growth (0.40~0.89) and the correlation extent depended on the neighborhood influence zone and slope. The neighborhood influence zone corresponding to maximal regression coefficient R~2 was the neighborhood influence radius. Based on the linear subsection regression between neighborhood interference index and influence zone of five species, the neighborhood interference index increased with the increasing zone and there was a previous increasing trend in a certain scope, while the increasing trend slackened beyond the zone. The neighborhood influence zone corresponding to transition point was the neighborhood influence radius. The neighborhood interference index positively correlated with the neighborhood influence zone and the range of R~2 was 0.40-0.64. With the analysis of tree cores of Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica at middle and lower slope in a plot which was fostered in 1995, the distance which the growth release farthest neighborhood and object stub was judged, thus the neighborhood interference radius was inferred. According to the studies, we found that the neighborhood interference radius was different among different trees, even if the neighborhood interference radius of the identical tree species also had the difference at different slopes.

结果表明：通过对白桦、红松、冷杉、红皮云杉和枫桦树种进行邻体干扰指数与生长量回归分析发现，邻体干扰指数与生长量呈显著负相关(0.40～0.89)，相关程度因邻体影响范围和坡位而异，R~2达到最大值所对应的影响范围即为邻体影响半径；通过对白桦、红松、冷杉、红皮云杉和枫桦树种进行邻体干扰指数与影响范围的线性分段拟合，邻体干扰指数随影响范围的增加而增加，其在一定的范围内上升较快，而超出该范围后上升的幅度变慢，变化的转折点所对应的影n向范围可以判定为邻体影响半径，线性回归显著(0.40～0.64)；通过对1995a抚育的胡桃楸、水曲柳样树进行研究，分析邻体树种的中坡位和下坡位的生长锥芯，判断产生生长释放的最远邻木与基株树桩所对应的距离，推断邻体影响半径；根据研究发现，邻体影响半径因树种不同有一定的差异，即使同一树种的邻体影响半径在不同坡位也有一定的差异。

Counterplead right of guarantor, the important right of guarantor obtained with the foundation of his guaranty, means the right enjoyed by guarantor to contradict the requests of obligee and to refuse or delay bearing guaranty liability according to certain grounds of opposition when obligee asserts the request of guaranty liability to guarantor.

保证人抗辨权是保证人因保证行为的成立而获得的一项重要权利，是指债权人向保证人提出承担保证责任的请求时，保证人根据一定的抗辨事由所享有的反驳债权人请求，拒绝或延缓承担保证责任的一种权利。

The reliability of analysis result depends largely on the in-house experimental conditions. Unlike the previous analysis that only concerns the sole effect of permeable pressure, this article considers both permeable and confining pressure and deformation characteristics of concrete material under the interaction of them according to the real work state of construction, which may leads to the changing pattern of permeable rate as listed below: permeable rate always reaches its peak with the time process going on, than goes down and remains straight on some certain value; The PR will tend to decline while the confining pressure is increased, and the time taken before the peak will be extended as well; Under the constant permeable pressure and circularly changing confining pressure, the minus-exponential ascend and descend relationship could be applied between the PR and Time axes respectively with crannied and intact concrete samples, and the PR of crannied concrete is far more larger than that of intact concrete. The change pattern of concrete could also be mathematically analogized using the least square method.

室内的实验条件是研究成果可靠性的重要因素，而以往的研究都只考虑了渗透压单一作用，本文根据混凝土结构的实际工作状态，同时考虑了围压与渗透压共同作用下的混凝土材料的渗透性变化特征，得出了混凝土材料在围压作用与渗透压共同作用下的渗透率的变化规律：渗透率都是随时间推移先达到一个峰值，再降低并趋于平稳；渗透率会随围压的增大而减小，并且峰值的到达时间也会随之延长；在渗透压不变，围压升降循环的情况下，有裂缝、无裂缝混凝土的渗透率变化规律是随时间成负指数关系上升、下降，且有裂缝混凝土试件的渗透率远远高于无裂缝混凝土的渗透率，并对混凝土的变化规律运用最小二乘法进行数学拟合。

The common feature lies in each member of the system family, and is the main source of reuse; the variable feature only lies in some members of the system family and the determinability of the scope of which determine the cost of developing the members in certain domain.

共性特征存在于领域内的每个成员系统中，是领域的主要复用源泉；变化性特征只存在于领域内的某些成员系统中，变化性特征的范围确定性决定了领域中应用系统的生产成本。

Because of the relation of positive sequence of the production and deposition time of dissolvable TR compound, in certain years, the "red" of Pu'er Tea is an important index to identify the aged period of Pu'er Tea.

由于不溶性茶红素复合物的产生与存放时间的正相关关系，在一定的年限内，普洱茶的&红&是鉴别普洱茶陈期的重要指标。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。