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Clear cell carcinomas that may occur in the lower urinary tract include variants of the more common cancers such as prostatic adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma as well as infrequent carcinomas such as clear cell carcinoma, which is similar to that of mullerian origin and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.8 A benign process that occasionally has been reported to show marked clear cell change is nephrogenic adenoma, a lesion that is considered a benign metaplastic process.3,5,12 Perhaps because of the great histo

透明细胞癌可能发生在较低泌尿系统包括变异更常见的癌症如前列腺腺癌和过渡细胞癌以及罕见的癌如透明细胞癌，它是相似的苗勒管起源和转移性肾细胞癌 18亿美元的良性碾压工艺，偶尔被报告显示标记为透明细胞变化腺瘤，被视为是一种良性病变的化生 process.3，5，12也许因为伟大的历史

And the conditions in cell suspension culture of Mikania micrantha were studied. The results showed that sucrose was the compatible carbon sucrose, and 30g/L sucrose concentration can satisfy the growth of Mikania micrantha cell; ammonium was absorbed under different sucrose concentration that haven't demonstrated significant specificity, and was completely absorbed on the lag phase and the early logarithmic phase; while nitrate was mainly absorbed on logarithmic phase. The density-dependent of Mikania micrantha cell starting to grow and density-inhibited of cell growth were proposed, the fittest inoculating quantity of Mikania micrantha in cell suspension culture was 40g/L.

并对微甘菊细胞悬浮培养条件进行研究，结果表明，微甘菊细胞生长适宜的碳源是蔗糖，并且较合适的蔗糖浓度为30g／L；在不同蔗糖浓度下氨基氮的吸收差别不大，氨基氮在迟滞期和对数期前期已基本消耗完毕，对数期生长主要利用硝基氮，因而提出，在微甘菊细胞液体悬浮培养中，氮源可以采用初始低氨基氮浓度，对数期中间维持高硝基氮，而且对数期中逐步流加少量的氨基氮；微甘菊细胞迟滞期分裂启动存在密度依赖现象，对数期生长存在密度抑制现象，最适接种量为40g／L。

Results］ There were 11 cases with clear cell carcinoma; 1 case, granular cell carcinoma; 4 cases, mixed cell carcinoma; 1 case, multilocular cell carcinoma; 1 case, papillary renal carcinoma; 2 cases, chromophobe cell carcinoma and 1 case, collecting duct carcinoma.

结果］ 11例透明细胞癌，1例颗粒细胞癌，4例混合细胞癌，1例多房囊性肾细胞癌，1例乳头状癌，2例嫌色细胞癌，1例集合管癌。

Western Blot indicated that AIF was selectively released before cytochrome C from the intermembrane space of mitochondria to cytosol, and that release needed Bax relocation to mitochondria. Results above suggest that caspase-independent cell death maybe occurred earlier than caspase-dependent cell death in staurosporine induced T lymphocytes apoptosis. Caspase-independent cell death is an alternative pathway of cell death which could guarantee the safe and noninflammatory removal of corpses when caspase was mutented or blocked in the cell, it plays an important role in maintaining the number of T lymphocytes and ensuring the proper function of immune system.

细胞caspase非依赖死亡方式可能是Caspase依赖性死亡方式的替代途径，它可以保证在Caspase发生突变或通路受阻时，T细胞仍然能够正常死亡，这对于维持T细胞的数量和保证免疫系统正常功能的发挥具有十分重要的意义。

Results Of 20 cases, 15 cases were pleomorphic carcinoma(10 cases with adenocarcinoma,3 cases with large cell carcinoma,1 case with squamous cell carcinoma and 1 case with giant cell carcinoma),4 cases were spindle cell carcinoma, and 1 case was giant cell carcin...

结果20例患者中，15例为多形性癌，其中10例伴腺癌成分，3例伴大细胞癌成分，1例伴鳞癌成分，1例伴巨细胞癌成分；4例为梭形细胞癌；1例为巨细胞癌。

MTT assay FAK signaling pathway inhibitor genistein on human corneal epithelial cell cytotoxicity;RT-PCR detection of human corneal epithelial cells adhesion to fungus at different times,extracellular matrix protein including laminin,fibronectin,FN glass,Ⅳcollagen,transmembrane protein integrinαⅤ,integrinβ1(ITGβ1),as well as the FAK signaling pathway FAK1,FAK2 and Paxillin gene expression;Western blot detection of the signal transduction pathway adhesion-associated protein ITGβ1,FAK and PAX expression and the inhibition of genistein. Immunocytochemical method was used to observe the LN,FN and FAK expression in human corneal epithelial cells during interaction with the fungues;Laser scanning confocal microscope had a cell positioning on FN,FAK and PAX,observed the changing of the human corneal epithelial cytoskeleton after stimulated by fungues;Quantitatived by flow cytometry to detect of human corneal epithelial cells with PAX at ITGβ1 fungal expression after adhesion;Optical microscopy quantitied the fungues and human corneal epithelial cell adhesion and recorded to determination the integral optical density afrer adhesion;Scanning and transmitted electron microscope observed the changing of cell ultrastructure after fungues and human corneal epithelial cell adhesion.

第一部分真菌激活人角膜上皮细胞FAK信号转导通路的体外实验研究将三种常见致病真菌(白色念珠菌、烟曲霉菌和茄病镰刀菌)分别与人角膜上皮细胞共孵育，MTT法检测FAK信号通路抑制剂染料木黄酮的对人角膜上皮细胞的细胞毒性作用；RT-PCR检测真菌黏附人角膜上皮细胞后不同时间细胞外基质层连蛋白、纤连蛋白、玻连蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原、跨膜蛋白整合素αV、整合素β1(ITGβ1)，以及FAK信号通路中FAK1、FAK2和桩蛋白基因的表达情况；Western blot的方法检测黏附信号转导途径相关蛋白ITGβ1、FAK和PAX的表达，以及染料木黄酮对真菌刺激人角膜上皮细胞FAK信息通路活化的抑制作用；免疫细胞化学方法观察人角膜上皮细胞与真菌相互作用过程中LN、FN和FAK的表达；激光共聚焦显微镜对FN、FAK和PAX进行了细胞定位，并观察真菌刺激后人角膜上皮细胞骨架的变化；流式细胞仪定量检测人角膜上皮细胞ITGβ1与PAX在真菌黏附后表达的改变；光学显微镜观察真菌与人角膜上皮细胞黏附数量，记录并测定了黏附后积分光密度值OD扫描及投射电镜观察了真菌与人角膜上皮细胞黏附后，细胞超微结构的改变。

Ornithine decarboxylase, a rate-determining enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, is involved in the control of cell cycle, differentiation, cell growth and apoptosis. Previous studies described that protein kinase Cd regulates ODC activity. In this thesis, human leukemia cell line, HL60 cell, was used for the treatment with a specific PKCd inhibitor, rottlerin, to measure the effects on cell growth.

鸟胺酸去羧化（ornithine decarboxylase，ODC）为多胺酸起始与决定反应速率的酵素，对细胞周期、细胞生长、分化及细胞凋亡扮演一重要角色；在寻找肿瘤治疗及预防药物研究中，纯化植物天然物质是其中来源之一，研究者筛选药物时，测定对鸟胺酸去羧化活性是否具抑制效果是一个重要的试验。

In the sub-cluster scale theory, R1 indicated the possibility which the hole skip the middle size hole to become a big cell, it would make striking influence on the tensibility ; R2·R1 indicated the well-distribution degree of cell size, it would make the notable influence on the cell density P; R2/R1 indicated the big cell and small cell exchange possibility, it would make the remarkable influence on the re-spring degree because of the different influence with the hole size.

其中R1表征泡孔越过中等泡向大泡孔缔合的倾向，它对断裂伸长率影响最大；R1·R2表征泡孔的均匀性，受泡孔密度影响较大；lnR2／R1表征体系在发泡过程中大小泡孔相互转化倾向比，由于大小泡孔对泡体回弹率贡献不同，lnR2／R1对发泡体回弹率影响较大。

Conclusions1、E_2 may induce the apoptosis and Fas,FasL expressions of Jurkat cell,its effect positively related to the dose and treating time of E_2.2、There is intrinsic co-expression of ERαand ERβon Jurkat cell,which can be upregulated by E_2,positively related to E_2 doses.3、E_2 may act as an apoptosis inducer of Jurkat cell via ERβ.4、E_2 can promote the transcriptive activity of NF-κB in Jurkat cell.The increased NF-κB activity may lead to increased apoptosis of Jurkat cell.

结论1、E_2可增加Jurkat细胞的凋亡，并增加Fas、FasL的蛋白表达，且其作用与E_2的剂量和处理时间呈正相关。2、Jurkat细胞上存在ERα、ERβ的表达，且E_2可上调这两种受体的表达，E_2剂量越大，ER表达量越高。3、E_2可能通过ERβ发挥其促进Jurkat细胞凋亡的作用。4、E_2能增加Jurkat细胞中NF-κB的转录活性，Jurkat细胞中NF-κB活性增加有促进凋亡的作用。

The area is small to the highest ( conversion efficiency 13 - 15%, some have achieved more than 20%) of monocrystalline silicon solar energy cell conversion efficiency, and output power is big, and stability is good, grows ( generally can reach more than 20 years ) service life, but the raw and processed material cost height, the weak light specific property is wronger, and production technology is complicated, hence the selling price is also higher; The polycrystalline silicon solar energy cell is basic identical with the function characteristic of monocrystalline silicon solar energy cell; The conversion efficiency of non- brilliant silicon solar cell than hangs down ( simples about 6 - 8%), the area is than greatly, but because of his raw and processed material cost than hanging down, can be easy to big area industrialize production, what will have hope to be used the generally big area to generate electricity from now on most will be this kind of application that battery is along with manufacture technique and new material, in a single day the practical package photoelectricity conversion efficiency of its big area achieves more than the 10-15%, and the price of every tile electric power-generating equipment is fallen 1 - 2 U.S.dollar of time, and just is enough to that the solar energy cell efficiency that big area the getting extensive use will constantly replace in now convention certainly special use and the laboratory of sources of energy s will high get many.

单晶硅太阳能电池转换效率最高（转换效率13～15%，有的已达到20%以上），面积小，输出功率大，稳定性好，使用寿命长(一般可达20年以上)，但原材料成本较高，弱光特性较差，生产工艺复杂，故售价也较高；多晶硅太阳能电池与单晶硅太阳能电池的性能特点基本相同；非晶硅太阳能电池的转换效率较低（约6～8%左右），面积较大，但因其原材料成本较低，可便于大面积工业化生产，今后最有希望用于一般大面积发电的将是这种电池。随着制造技术和新材料的应用，一旦它的大面积实用组件光电转换效率达到10-15%以上，每瓦发电设备的价格降到1～2美元时，便足以大面积得到广泛应用并将不断取代现在常规能源。当然特殊用途和实验室中的太阳能电池效率要高得多。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。