查询词典 casualty insurance

Rather, this almost 600% increase has been achieved through large gains in National Indemnity's traditional liability areas plus the starting of new companies (Cornhusker Casualty Company in 1970, Lakeland Fire and Casualty Company in 1971, Texas United Insurance Company in 1972, The Insurance Company of Iowa in 1973, and Kansas Fire and Casualty Company in late 1977), the purchase for cash of other insurance companies (Home and Automobile Insurance Company in 1971, Kerkling Reinsurance Corporation, now named Central Fire and Casualty Company, in 1976, and Cypress Insurance Company at yearend 1977), and finally through the marketing of additional products, most significantly reinsurance, within the National Indemnity Company corporate structure.

相反地，这600%的成长几乎都是来自于国家产险本身的传统业务的稳定成长再加上新创立的公司(包含1970年的 Cornhusker 产险、1971年的 Lakeland 火险、1972年的德州联合保险、1973年的爱荷华保险及1977年的堪萨斯火险公司等)，以购并方式买下的(1971年的家庭与汽车保险、1976年现已更名为中央火险的 Kerkling 再保险以及1977年的赛普路斯保险公司)，以及最后透过行销新业务-主要以国家保险名下进行的再保险业务所得。

This article analyzes the profit model of insurance companies in detail and validates the relevance between the prescripts which have been constituted by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission in the operation of insurance funds and the investment income of insurance companies through financial statements of the three companies, China Life, Ping An of China and China Pacific, which have been coming into A-stock market. It analyzes the relationship between the insurance company asset allocation and the funds income and risk of insurance companies by simulating the different insurance companies' earnings on different asset allocation and different equity investment yield, so as to arrive at the objective how to configure which prescripts to funds operation of insurance companies is reasonable, demonstrates the rationalities of insurance funds operation prescripts which have been constituted by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, and considers the equity investment of insurance companies can be properly enhanced to thirty percent of total assets because China's economy will develop stably, chronically and at high-speed .

文中通过借助目前A股上市的中国人寿、中国平安和中国太保三家保险公司的报表详细地分析了保险公司的盈利模式，验证了保监会关于保险资金运用的管理规定与保险公司的投资收益率存在的相关性，并通过模拟在不同资产配置及不同股权投资收益率下保险公司最后的收益情况，用数据分析了保险公司资产配置与保险公司的资金收益和风险的关系，从而得出保险公司的资金运用怎样规定才是合理的，也论证了保监会对保险资金运用的管理规定的合理性，并认为在我国经济仍将长期稳定高速发展的情况下，可适当将保险公司的股权投资比例提高到总资产的30%。

Minimum investment for maximum interest is the internal origin of insurance swindling; the policy-holder, the insurant, the beneficiary or the clerk of the insurance company take advantages of the bugs in insurance contracts and insurance company management to aim at illegal income by means of inventing insurance object, producing false notice about the risk faced by the insurance object, repeating buying the same insurance item, or buying insurance services via insurance object without insurance interest.

投保人以较少的&投入&获得奇高的回报，是保险欺诈产生的内在基础；投保人、被保险人、受益人或者保险公司的工作人员利用保险合同与保险公司管理上的缺陷，通过虚构保险标的、对保险标的所面临的风险做虚假告知、购买重复保险、以不具有保险利益的保险标的投保。

Hull war risk is an independent insurance separated from hull insurance, which posses some characteristics of hull insurance, the principles of the hull insurance therefore apply to it. On the other hand, the fact that the hull war risk become an independent insurance illustrates that it has some special natures such as the risks it covers are exclusive, the premiums categorize general and special one, the Notice of Termination Clause is so distinguished that not covered by the hull insurance. However, PICC hull war risk insurance is an additional insurance to its hull insurance, which is improper as an independent risk.

船舶战争险是从船壳险中分离出来的独立风险，它具有与船壳险相同的特征，保险法的基本原则同样适用于战争险；另一方面，船舶战争险能够成为独立的风险，说明它具有不同于船壳险的特征，它承保的风险具有专属性，它的保费分为一般保费和特殊保费，它的通知终止条款是船壳险所没有的……但是，中国人保船舶战争险却是船壳险的附加保险，与战争险作为独立风险的性质不相适应。

John Ringwalt's homestate operation now consists of five companies, with Kansas Fire and Casualty Company becoming operational late in 1977 under the direction of Floyd Taylor. The homestate companies had net premium volume of $23 million, up from $5.5 million just three years ago. All four companies that operated throughout the year achieved combined ratios below 100, with Cornhusker Casualty Company, at 93.8, the leader. In addition to actively supervising the other four homestate operations, John Ringwalt manages the operations of Cornhusker which has recorded combined ratios below 100 in six of its seven full years of existence and, from a standing start in 1970, has grown to be one of the leading insurance companies operating in Nebraska utilizing the conventional independent agency system. Lakeland Fire and Casualty Company, managed by Jim Stodolka, was the winner of the Chairman's Cup in 1977 for achieving the lowest loss ratio among the homestate companies. All in all, the homestate operation continues to make excellent progress.

John Ringwalt 负责的 Homestate 业务旗下主要包含五家公司，其中堪萨斯火险在 Floyd Taylor 筹备下于1977年底正式营运， Homestate 1977年的保费净收入达到2，300万美元，三年前不过只有550万美元，其余四家的年度综合比率都低于100，其中 Cornhusker 甚至只有93.8， John 在努力管理其它四家公司的同时，更让 Cornhusker 过去七年有六年的综合比率低于100，从1970年正式营运以来，该公司已顺利成为内布拉斯加州传统独立经纪系统的领导业者，至于由 Jim Stodolka 带领的 Lakeland 火险则荣获1977年主席杯的头衔，因为去年该公司的综合比率最低，总的来说， Homestate 集团的营运在去年大有进展。

John Ringwalt's homestate operation now consists of five companies, with Kansas Fire and Casualty Company becoming operational late in 1977 under the direction of Floyd Taylor. The homestate companies had net premium volume of $23 million, up from $5.5 million just three years ago. All four companies that operated throughout the year achieved combined ratios below 100, with Cornhusker Casualty Company, at 93.8, the leader. In addition to actively supervising the other four homestate operations, John Ringwalt manages the operations of Cornhusker which has recorded combined ratios below 100 in six of its seven full years of existence and, from a standing start in 1970, has grown to be one of the leading insurance companies operating in Nebraska utilizing the conventional independent agency system. Lakeland Fire and Casualty Company, managed by Jim Stodolka, was the winner of the Chairman's Cup in 1977 for achieving the lowestloss ratio among the homestate companies. All in all, the homestate operation continues to make excellent progress.

John Ringwalt负责的Homestate业务旗下主要包含五家公司，其中堪萨斯火险在Floyd Taylor筹备下于1977年底正式营运，Homestate 1977年的保费净收入达到2，300万美元，三年前不过只有550万美元，其余四家的年度综合比率都低于100，其中Cornhusker甚至只有93.8，John在努力管理其它四家公司的同时，更让Cornhusker过去七年有六年的综合比率低于100，从1970年正式营运以来，该公司已顺利成为内布拉斯加州传统独立经纪系统的领导业者，至于由Jim Stodolka带领的Lakeland火险则荣获1977年主席杯的头衔，因为去年该公司的综合比率最低，总的来说，Homestate集团的营运在去年大有进展。

The responsibilities of the States body in charge of insurance management are:toformulate insurance industry policy and guidelines, to approve the establishment of insurance enterprises, to direct and supervise the business activities of insurance enterprises, to examine and decide on basic insurance clauses and insurance rates, to examine the accounting books and statements of insurance enterprises, and to levy economic penalties including ordering a cessation of business on those insurance enterprises which during their operation take actions which violate the States laws, regulations and policies, or harm the legal interests of insured parties.

国家保险管理机关的职责是：拟定保险事业的方针、政策，批准保险企业的设立，指导、监督保险企业的业务活动，审定基本保险条款和保险费率，检查保险企业的会计帐册和报表单据，并对保险企业在经营业务中违反国家法律、法规、政策、或者损害被保险方的合法利益的行为，给予经济制裁，直至责令其停业。

Through the nowadays situation of the international community insurance industry and the developments of the present condition with the economy, we can see that the environment liability insurance starts presenting the tendency of insurance industry being combined with banking and stock certificate industry, the insurance means combined with tax means, the insurer combined with insured benefits, the insurer combined with insurer, the insurance liability insurance compensation combined with environmental indemnification fund and the insurance being commercial combined with the insurance acculturates increasingly.

结合世界各国保险业和经济发展现状，可以看出，环境责任保险开始呈现出保险业与银行业、证券业结合，保险手段与税收手段结合，保险人与被保险人利益结合，保险人与保险人结合，环境责任保险与环境赔偿基金结合以及保险商业化与保险社会化日益结合等方面的趋势。

Article 88 If an insurance company with life insurance operations is cancelled or declared bankrupt according to law, the life insurance contracts and reserve funds it holds shall be transferred to another insurance company undertaking life insurance. If the company fails to reach transfer agreement with another life insurance company, the insurance supervision and administration department shall designate a life insurance company to accept the business.

第八十八条经营有人寿保险业务的保险公司被依法撤销的或者被依法宣告破产的，其持有的人寿保险合同及准备金，必须转移给其他经营有人寿保险业务的保险公司；不能同其他保险公司达成转让协议的，由保险监督管理机构指定经营有人寿保险业务的保险公司接受。

Chapter one of this text has recommended the foreign insurance to apply financial economy to the products pricing method of insurance company, but these methods have not explained how to determine the fair premium of the multiple-line insurance company .In order to solve many business line insurance company pricing problem, chapter two introduce an very important model in insurance company capital allocation field - MR capital allocation model, through deriving capital allocation formula and simulation analysis indicate MR model allocate multiple- line insurance company capital scientifically. In order to apply MR model to non-life insurance pricing, chapter three will extend MR model to introduce loss 3 and layer P . Since the premise of MR model is a certain market price of loss, the chapter four will use the risk-neutral probability transformation technique to get the market value of loss. Under lognormal distribution, we will use location parameter shift and proportional PH transformation to illuminate the technique. The final chapter combines the prior sections result to deduce out the fair premium formula, and apply it to price the catastrophe insurance.

本文的第一章介绍了国外保险业将财务经济学应用到保险公司产品定价的方法，但是这些方法都没有说明如何确定多业务线保险公司的公平保费；为了解决多业务线保险公司定价问题，第二章引入保险公司资本配置领域非常重要的一个模型—MR资本配置模型，通过推导资本配置公式及模拟分析表明MR模型科学地配置了多业务线公司的资本；为了将MR模型应用到非寿险公司的定价中去第三章扩展了MR模型，引入了损失β和层β的概念：由于MR模型的前提条件是有一个确定的损失市场价值，第四章利用风险中性转化方法获得损失的市场价值，在损失为对数正态分布的条件下，通过位置参数转化和比例危险转化方法给出了实例说明；第五章结合前几章的结果给出非寿险公司公平保费的定价公式，并运用它给出了巨灾保险价格的模拟分析。

"Bird Man's Diary, Butting on the Love Island", Changsha, China

2008年"鸟人日记，顶在爱情岛"，中国长沙

As long as they were in the service of a family of wizards, their magic would remain dormant.

只要他们一天为家庭服务，他们的法力就潜藏不动。