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This paper explores shareholder approach, material approach and investment approach to cash flow, and it is concluded as follows: Net present value calculated is equal for shareholder approach and material approach, but for fixed assets investment projects, shareholder approach is far more concise and workable than material approach and provides direct cash flow information with clear and useful economic significance. Investment approach analyzes forecast cash flow for investment projects from a different angle, not only offering additional managerial accounting information, but also testing the properness of and providing theoretical support for shareholder approach and material approach.

通过对股东现金流量法、实体现金流量法和全投资现金流量法模型的研讨，提出如下观点：股东现金流量法与实体现金流量法计算的净现值是相等的，但对寿命期有限的固定资产投资项目，股东现金流量法远比实体现金流量法简洁易懂，便于操作，其提供的现金流量信息直观，经济意义明晰，有用性强；全投资现金流量法从另一个角度进行投资项目的预期现金流量分析，不但能提供补充的管理用会计信息，而且能对股东现金流量法模型的正确性进行验证，互相提供理论上的支持。

"Other definitions include ratio of quick assets to current liabilities , ratio of cash plus near-cash assets to current liabilities , and ratio of cash plus accounts receivable plus the market value of selected investments to current liabilities ."

其他定义还有：速动资产与流动负债的比率；现金加近似现金的资产与流动负债的比率；现金、应收帐款和某些投资的市价与流动负债的比率等。

Other definitions include ratio of current assets less inventories to current liabilities, ratio of quick assets to current liabilities, ratio of cash plus near-cash assets to current liabilities, and ratio of cash plus accounts receivable plus the market value of selected investments to current liabilities.

其他定义还有：流动资产减去存货与流动负债的比率；速动资产与流动负债的比率；现金加近似现金的资产与流动负债的比率；现金，应收帐款和某些投资的市价与流动负债的比率等。

Other s include ratio of current assets less inventories to current liabilities, ratio of quick assets to current liabilities, ratio of cash plus near-cash assets to current liabilities, and ratio of cash plus accounts receivable plus the market value of selected investments to current liabilities.

其他定义还有：流动资产减去存货与流动负债的比率；速动资产与流动负债的比率；现金加近似现金的资产与流动负债的比率；现金，应收帐款和某些投资的市价与流动负债的比率等。

S include ratio of current assets less inventories to current liabilities, ratio of quick assets to current liabilities, ratio of cash plus near-cash assets to current liabilities, and ratio of cash plus accounts receivable plus the market value of selected investments to current liabilities.

其他定义还有：流动资产减去存货与流动负债的比率；速动资产与流动负债的比率；现金加近似现金的资产与流动负债的比率；现金、应收帐款和某些投资的市价与流动负债的比率等。

As well, it should be noted that, in the companies with greater growth opportunities, the managerial ownership will influence the cash holdings more significantly. At last, the policy of cash dividend has a positive effect on the cash holdings. Utile now, we haven't found out any theoretical support on the phenomenon yet.

论文针对以上实证研究的结果，提出了如何改进公司的治理结构，包括对股权结构的改善和改进管理层激励和约束机制的建议，以更好地制定现金持有政策，更有效地利用现金这一流动性最强、盈利能力最弱的特殊资产。

In addition, different payment mechanisms are needed for different types of transactions, we design several advanced digital cash services such as information attachable digital cash, divisible electronic cash, and anonymous rewarding services.

另外，为了满足消费者未来可能的多样化付款方式需求，我们研发出数个前瞻性的电子货币技术，其中包括可附加但书的数位货币、可分割使用的电子货币以及匿名的悬赏系统等。

Based on the hypothesis of Brands, this thesis presents two off-line electronic cash system applied to small payment: one is an off-line nondivisible electronic cash system with complete anonymity, and the other is an off-line nondivisible electronic cash'system with repealed anonymity. The two systems can solve the bottleneck problem of bank server. Furthermore, based on the concept of virtual debit as well as the payment demand of pay-per-use electronic commerce and mobile co mmerce, this paper designs a micro-system NPAY, which can solve the problem of extra-consuming, greatly reduce the system communication overhead, and the consumer can anonymously consume.

基于Brands假设，设计了两个适用于小额支付的离线电子现金系统：一个是具有完全匿名性的离线不可分电子现金系统，另一个是可撤消匿名性的离线不可分电子现金系统，这两个系统都较好地解决了银行服务器的瓶颈问题；针对即付即用(pay-per-use)类型电子商务和移动商务的支付需求，基于&虚借记&的概念，设计了一个微支付系统NPAY，较好地解决了消费者超额消费问题，系统的通讯开销也大大减少，并且消费者可以匿名消费。

In the case of the cash flow budget not all expenses represent cash and there may be cash to be outlaid for things such as dividend payments, capital requisitions, and loan or lease payments, which are not expenses.

在该案件的现金流量预算，并非所有的开支，所代表的现金和有可能以现金予以outlaid的事情，如分红，资本请购单，贷款或租赁款项，这是不开支。

The chapter propounds that cash flow analysis should include the analysis of debt-paying ability, the analysis of continuous yield of cash flow ability and the evaluation of past cash flow management practice.

本章提出现金流量分析应分为偿债能力分析、持续产生现金流量能力分析和对过去现金流量活动的评价三部分，而前两部分的分析应以分析未来现金流量信息为主。

Alternatively, the con- trollers can use the synchronous rectifier itself or loss- less inductor current-sensing methods to provide overload protection with lower power dissipation.

另外，康威特罗勒斯可以使用同步整流器本身或亏损减少电感电流检测方法，以提供低功耗过载保护。

Mr. Dauber's other Schatz hangs in his home movie studio.

多伯把沙兹的另一件作品挂在家里的电影室。