查询词典 case law

The propose of the research is to insist on the view of applying to solve the various confusion in applying at present when present The Doctrine of Equivalents in China by analyzing dispute in applying of DOE; apply the research method of history analysis and compare synthetically, integrate with the case analysis and draw the conclusion: It is necessary to induct The Doctrine of Equivalents to prevent the tortious people filching the benefit of the inventor and confirm whether the infringed people imitated and copied patent on purpose, it is international tidal current to apply DOE in the processing of patent infringement cognizance, and firstly it must ensure the protecting confine by explaining the claim with compromise explain method, the difference of different extent in patent creation also effect the demarcation of equivalent extension; it should apply the rule of comparing factor one by one rather than comparing the whole equivalent in comparison of equivalents, and needs to be confirmed by increasing the assistant means in the processing of patent infringement cognizance by using Triple Identity Test of Graver; contrast and analyze whether they are equivalent depend on the level of the common technicians in relative domain and it is scientific and reasonable to confirm equivalent time standard by infringement date; in judicial practice of equivalent cognizance, it may use the experiences in Japan for reference to solve the cognizance misunderstanding area of reality in the law and the technology; The superabundance designation that may be understood as a display unfair contract because of neglect and materially misunderstanding should be conditionally applied in current time.

研究目的在于通过分析等同原则在适用上的争议，提出我国适用等同原则时应坚持适用的观点，解决目前在适用中的各种混乱局面；运用历史分析和综合比较的研究方法，结合案例分析；专利侵权认定中引入等同原则是必要的，其实质是防止侵权人窃取发明人的利益，被侵权人是否故意模仿或抄袭专利，不影响等同侵权的判定，运用等同原则判定专利侵权已成为世界性的潮流；适用等同原则首先要对权利要求进行解释以确定保护范围，在解释权利要求时应采取折衷的解释方法，不同专利创造性程度的差异也影响着等同范围的划定；在等同物的比较上，应当适用&逐个要素比较&，而不能适用&整体比较&，在适用&三一致&标准进行侵权认定时，还需要增加辅助手段予以确定；是否构成等同，应当以所属领域普通技术人员的水平来对比分析，以侵权日为等同的时间标准是科学合理的；在等同认定的司法实践中，解决法律事实和技术事实认定上的误区，可以借鉴日本的经验；多余指定可以理解为一个因疏忽大意或重大误解而订立的显失公平的合同，应当在现阶段有条件限制地予以适用。

And in case of Grubs in the nest or Moths in the cocoon, too young to crawl out, the law compelled their parents to cover them over with a leaf.

如果发生蛴螬在巢或蛾在茧，太年轻，爬出来，法律迫使他们的父母，以支付他们的叶片。

Daxing as the case study has been studied in this dissertation, with the help of geostatistics and GIS, on the basis of data of the second general soil quality investigation in 1982 and the corresponding data of indoors soil analyzed, the spatio-temporal law of organic total-N, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available-P and available-K below the surface of soil (0-20cm) within 20 years in Daxing has been studied, as the same time, the change of soil quality has been evaluation applying to the method of soil quality compressive index, the main results are as follows

本文以北京市大兴区为研究样区，以相同样点的1982年第二次土壤普查土壤肥力数据和2000年的新采土样分析数据为基础，运用GIS与地统计学结合的方法，研究了20年来北京市大兴区300多点位的表层土壤的(0-20cm)有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等肥力要素的时空变化规律，应用土壤质量综合指数法定量评价了表层土壤质量的变化，研究主要结论如下

The inference of the law impliedly designated by the parties must be based on the trust deed and the specific circuxnstances in a particular case, especially those of the settler and the trustee, must be concurrently considered.

在推定当事人&默示选择的法律&时，应以信托文件为依据，结合案件的具体情况，尤其是信托设立人和受托人的有关情况作出推定。

However,where the cause of an unjust case is neither the casual negligence of the law－enforcementagenciesnor the casual fault of ad－judication,but the people's wrath,it is necessary forus to consider the incurrence and nursery of the wrath,study its rational and affectional factors and determine its falseness.

但是，如果错案的缘起既不是司法人员的一时疏忽，也不是司法运作的偶然偏差，而是基于一种&民愤&的差使，那么，就有必要解读民愤的缘起与扩张，探究民愤的感性与理性，评判民愤的虚假与真实。

Based on abstract method, jurisprudentially discussion, case study, and statistical research, the Article contends that the development and increase of equity proportion of institutional investors has substantially altered the presumption of the shareholder's status in traditional company law.

论文在运用抽象概括、法理探讨、案例分析和统计分析等研究方法的基础上，以机构投资者的发展和股东积极主义的兴起、机构投资者行使股东权利的方式及其行动内容、机构投资者行使股东权利的法律限制与法律风险、机构投资者行使股东权利的受托机制及其自身的治理问题、机构投资者在我国上市公司治理中的地位、作用及其前景为各章内容，对机构投资者在上市公司治理中的地位及其股东权利的行使这一主题展开论述。

For this reason, he regards his project as "a radically different enterprise from Dworkin's conception of legal theory (or 'jurisprudence' as he often terms it) as in part evaluative and justificatory and as 'addressed to a particular legal culture', which is usually the theorist's own and in Dworkin's case is that of Anglo-American law" Hart 1994, p.

正是如此，Hart肯认他的这个课题是&一种完全不同于Dworkin的'法律理论'（或是他常用的'法理学'概念的事业，因为Dworkin的法律理论在某些方面是评价性、辩护性的，而且是作为'献给特定的法文化'的——这是理论家自身所处的，对Dworkin来说就是英美法系的——一种理论&Hart 1994， p。

For this reason, he regards his project as "a radically different enterprise from Dworkins conception of legal theory (or jurisprudence as he often terms it) as in part evaluative and justificatory and as addressed to a particular legal culture, which is usually the theorists own and in Dworkins case is that of Anglo-American law" Hart 1994, p.

正是如此，Hart肯认他的这个课题是&一种完全不同于Dworkin的'法律理论'（或是他常用的'法理学'概念的事业，因为Dworkin的法律理论在某些方面是评价性、辩护性的，而且是作为'献给特定的法文化'的——这是理论家自身所处的，对Dworkin来说就是英美法系的——一种理论&Hart 1994， p。

The Rio Tinto case gives China's foreign investment community a crash course on the Kafkaesque nature of the Law on Guarding State Secrets.

力拓事件给在中国的外国投资者群体上了一堂速成课，内容就是中国《保守国家秘密法》卡夫卡式的怪诞本质。

This article analyze the present situation first , specially certain multinational corporations use the intellectual property rights to monopolistically plunder excess profits , to explain the harm of abuse intellectual property rights through the Microsoft Case , therefore we urgently need to make antimonopoly law to eliminate the abuse behavior of the intellectual property rights .

为此，本文首先分析了目前的实际情况，特别是某些跨国公司利用知识产权进行垄断性掠取超额的利润，通过微软案件更说明知识产权滥用的危害，因此对知识产权滥用进行规制已经非常的必要和紧迫，说明现在我们急需制定反垄断法对知识产权滥用进行规制。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。