查询词典 carbon footprint

This invention provides compounds of Formula; wherein: R is a moiety selected from the group: and n is an integer of 1 or 2; R is selected from hydrogen, amino,-NRR, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, halogen, and a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted, having 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S; R is selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, vinyl, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted and halogen; R is H, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, bicycloalkyl of 5 to 10 carbon atoms or aralkyl optionally substituted; R is OH or -OH; R and R are each independently H or alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or when optionally taken together with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached form a 3 to 8 membered saturated heterocyclyl ring; R is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted; or a tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

本发明提供式的化合物；其中：R 1 为选自基团和的部分；n为整数1或2；R 2 选自氢、氨基、-NR 6 R 7 、具有1到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的烷基、具有6个、10个或14个碳原子的视情况经取代的芳基、具有2到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的烯基、具有2到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的炔基、卤素和具有1到4个独立地选自N、O和S的杂原子的视情况经取代的5元到10元杂芳基环；R 3 选自氢、具有1到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的烷基、具有6个、10个或14个碳原子的视情况经取代的芳基、具有2到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的烯基、乙烯基、具有2到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的炔基和卤素；R 4 为H、具有1到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的烷基、具有3到8个碳原子的环烷基、具有5到10个碳原子的双环烷基或视情况经取代的芳烷基；R 5 为OH或-OH 8 ；R 6 和R 7 各自独立地为H或具有1到12个碳原子的烷基，或当视情况与其所连接的氮原子连接在一起时形成3元到8元饱和杂环基环；R 8 为具有1到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的烷基；或其互变异构体或医药学上可接受的盐。

The method involves exposing the cells to a compound having the formula I in which: w is a nucleic acid x is a non-amino acid or non-peptide nucleic acid binding group y is a spacer having a chain length equivalent to 1-30 carbon-carbon single covalent bonds or is absent R4 is H or halogen or CH2O-R3; and R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and are either hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl, hydroxylated alkenyl groups or ether containing alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl or hydroxylated alkenyl groups optionally being an acyl group having a carbon chain length equivalent to 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated, with the proviso that at least one of R1, R2 or R3 includes a group having a carbon chain of 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated, or to a compound having the formula II in which: w is a nucleic acid x is a non-amino acid or non-peptide nucleic acid binding group y is a space having a chain length equivalent to 1-30 carbon-carbon single covalent bonds or is absent, R5 is alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl, hydroxylated alkenyl group or ether containing alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl or hydroxylated alkenyl group optionally being an acyl group having a carbon chain length equivalent to 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated, with the proviso that R5 includes a group having a carbon chain of 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated.

该方法包括使细胞暴露于具有式的化合物，在式中：w是核酸，x是非氨基酸或者非肽核酸结合基团，y是具有等于1―30个碳―碳单共价键的链长的间隔基或者不存在，R4是H或者卤素或者CH2O－R3；R1、R2和R3是相同的或者不同的并且是氢、甲基、乙基、烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基、羟基化链烯基或者包含烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基或羟基化链烯基的醚，任选地是来源于具有等于3―24个碳原子的碳链长的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸的酰基，其条件是R1、R2或者R3的至少一个包括具有3―24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和碳链的基团，或者使细胞暴露于具有式的化合物，在式中：w是核酸，x是非氨基酸或者非肽核酸结合基团，y是具有等于1―30个碳―碳单共价键的链长的间隔基或者不存在，R5是烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基、羟基化链烯基或者包含烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基或羟基化链烯基的醚，任选地是具有等于3―24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和碳链的链长的酰基，其条件是R5包括具有3―24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和碳链的基团。

The calculation of carbon stock changes for the purpose of accounting for harvested wood products, if so elected, on land that is to be accounted for under either reforested land or elected forest management land shall be based on the total increment of carbon stock growth in the eligible forest minus any changes in soil carbon, minus carbon stocks left over from timber harvest activities, minus carbon stocks from any wood residues from wood mills, minus carbon stocks from wood products used for the purposes of paper, wood chips or other short-lived wood products, minus a carbon release estimate of harvested wood products produced and then destroyed during the commitment period, times a conversion factor from carbon to carbon dioxide equivalent.

如经选定，为了对伐木制品进行核算，对再造林土地上或选定的森林管理土地上碳储存变化的计算应基于以下方式：符合资格的森林中碳储存的增量总额减去土壤碳的任何变化量，减去伐木活动余下的碳储存，减去木材厂木渣的碳储存，减去用于造纸的木材产品、木屑或其他短生命周期木制品的碳储存，减去在承诺期生产但后又破坏的伐木产品的估计碳释放量，乘以从碳到二氧化碳的换算系数。

In order to research the relations of carbon sources to structure of PHAs, six kinds of PHAs sample were synthesized by activated sludge with six different carbon sources respectively in the aerobic-anaerobic-anoxic process. Their structures were determined by 〓HNMR、〓CNMR and GC-MS. When the carbon source was acetate, the unit composition of PHAs was 93. 91mol％ 3-hydroxybutanoic acid and 6. 09mol％ 3-hydroxypentanoic acid ; When the carbon source was propionate, the unit composition of PHAs was 28. 66mol％ HB, 63. 13mol％HV, 2. 55mol％ 2-methy-3-hydroxy-butanoic acid (2MHB) and 5. 66mol％ 2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoic acid (2MHV); When the carbon source was 80％ butyrate and 20％ 1, 4-butanediol, the unit composition of PHAs was 65. 03mol％ HB, 28. 06mol％HV, 1. 91mol％2MHB, 2. 69mol％ 2MHV, 0.73mol％ 4-hydroxy butanoic acid (4HB), 0.78mol％ 4-methyl-3-hydroxy-pentanoic acid (4MHV), 0.80mol％ 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid ; When the carbon source was 20％ butyrate and 80％ 1, 4-butanediol, the unit composition of PHAs was 61. 39mol％ HB, 23. 01mol％HV, 4. 58mol％2MHB, 5. 97mol％ 2MHV, 0.91mol％ 4HB, 2. 37mol％ 4MHV, 1. 77mol％ HHx; When the carbon source was 60％ pentanoate and 40％glucose, the unit composition of PHAs was 41. 24mol％ HB, 58. 76mol％HV; When the carbon source was 60％ benzoate and 40％ glucose, the unit composition of PHAs was 65. 48mol％ HB and 34. 52mol％ HV.

为了研究不同碳源与产物PHAs结构的关系，采用好氧-厌氧-缺氧模式利用6种不同碳源培养活性污泥得到6种不同的PHAs样品，通过〓HNMR、〓CNMR和GC-MS谱图确定了这6种PHAs的单体成分和比例：以乙酸钠培养活性污泥得到的PHAs的单体组成是93.91mol％3-羟基丁酸和6.09mol％3-羟基戊酸；以丙酸钠培养活性污泥得到的PHAs的单体组成除28.66mol％HB、63.13mol％HV外，另外还有2.55mol％3-羟基2-甲基丁酸（2MHB）和5.66mol％3-羟基2-甲基戊酸（2MHV）；以80％丁酸钠和20％1，4-丁二醇混合溶液培养活性污泥得到的PHAs含有七种单体组成：65.03mol％HB，28.06mol％HV，1.91mol％2MHB，2.69mol％2MHV，0.73mol％4-HB（4-羟基丁酸），0.78mol％4MHV（3-羟基-4-甲基戊酸），0.80％HHx（3-羟基己酸）；以20％丁酸钠和80％1，4-丁二醇培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs含有与3#样品相同的七种单体，只是比例不同，分别是61.39mol％，23.01mol％，4.58mol％，5.97mol％，0.91mol％，2.37mol％，1.77mol％；以60％戊酸钠和40％葡萄糖培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs由HB和HV组成，比例是41.24 mol％∶58.76 mol％；以60％苯甲酸钠和40％葡萄糖培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs也由HB和HV组成，比例是65.48 mol％∶34.52 mol％。

Provided are carbide derived carbon materials prepared by thermochemically reacting carbide compounds and a halogen containing gas and extracting all atoms of the carbide compounds except carbon atoms, wherein the intensity ratios of the graphite G band at 1590 cm -1 to the disordered-induced D band at 1350 cm-1 are in the range of 0.3 through 5 when the carbide derived carbon is analyzed using Raman peak analysis, wherein the BET surface area of the carbide derived carbon is 1000 m 2 /g or more, wherein a weak peak or wide single peak of the graphite (002) surface is seen at 2 = 25 DEG when the carbide derived carbon is analyzed using X-ray diffractometry, and wherein the electron diffraction pattern of the carbide derived carbon is the halo pattern typical of amorphous carbon when the carbide derived carbon is analyzed using electron microscopy.

提供了得自碳化物的碳，其通过热化学反应碳化物化合物和含卤族元素的气体并提取除了碳原子之外的碳化物化合物的全部原子制备，其中当使用拉曼峰分析法分析该得自碳化物的碳时，在1590cm -1 的石墨G波段与在1350cm -1 的无序引发的D波段的强度比为0.3至5，其中该得自碳化物的碳的BET表面积是1000m 2 /g或更大，其中当使用X射线衍射法分析该得自碳化物的碳时，在2θ＝25°观察到石墨(002)面的弱峰或宽单峰，以及其中当使用电子显微法分析该得自碳化物的碳时，得自碳化物的碳的电子衍射图是代表无定形碳的晕图案。该发射体具有良好的均匀性和长寿命。可以使用比用于生产常规碳纳米管的方法更廉价的方法制备发射体。

Water footprint and virtual water are the hot focus of academic attention in the field of international water resource research. The present paper attempts to apply the concept of "virtual water" and "water footprint" to the calculating of the virtual water contents of major agricultural and industrial products and the trade counterbalance of virtual water, and estimate the volume of water footprint of Chongqing as a whole and of its three economic zones.

水足迹和虚拟水是当前国际水资源领域研究的热点，用水足迹与虚拟水的概念及计算方法，计算了重庆市及其三大经济区的主要农畜产品虚拟水含量及其虚拟水的贸易平衡量、工业产品虚拟水贸易平衡量，并最终估算了重庆市及其三大经济区的水足迹总量。

But the shift of TEF among regions will result in ecological footprint transfer and exchange between regions, and some of ecological footprint contained in energy consume and shopping product by tourist is imported from other regions, so some of the ecological footprint of Lanzhou City is transferred to other region.

但是，旅游者的跨区域流动引起旅游生态足迹的区际转移与交换，且兰州市游客的能源消费以及购物商品中，有一部分是从区外&进口&，故兰州市游客的旅游生态足迹中有一部分转移至区外。

Straw application, whether straw mulch or incorporated straw with soil, increased the content of soil labile organic carbon and incorporated straw with soil as more beneficial to the increase of the contents of hot water-extractable carbon, potentially mineralizable carbon acid-extractable carbon, readily oxidizable carbon, particulate organic carbon, and light fraction organic carbon.

表施秸秆和混施秸秆均能使土壤活性有机碳含量增加或显著增加，混施秸秆较表施秸秆更有利于热水提取态碳、可矿化碳、酸提取态碳、易氧化态碳、颗粒有机碳和轻组有机碳含量增加，而可溶性有机碳和微生物生物量碳的变化与秸秆施用方式关系不大。

The results show that:First, concentration of hydrogen peroxide have the most obvious influence to oil yield and carbon black yield,with the increase of concentration of hydrogen peroxide the oil yield first increase then decrease,when concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 8.19% or so,the oil yield reach to the biggest value, and with the increase of concentration of hydrogen peroxide carbon black yield decrese;Then,reaction time have more obvious influence to oil yield and carbon black yield,oil yield increase but carbon black yield decrease with the increase of reaction time;Thirdly,reaction tempreture have some influence to oil yield and carbon black yield,samely,oil yield increase but carbon black yield decrease with the increase of reaction tempreture;Finally,reaction pressure does almost no influence on oil yield and carbon black yield.

研究结果表明：过氧化氢质量浓度对产油率和炭黑产率的影响最为显著，产油率随过氧化氢质量浓度的提高先提高后降低，在过氧化氢质量浓度为8.19%左右时达到最大值，炭黑产率随过氧化氢质量浓度的提高而降低；反应时间对产油率和炭黑产率的影响也比较显著，产油率随反应时间的增加而提高，炭黑产率随反应时间的增加而降低；反应温度对产油率和炭黑产率也有一定的影响，产油率随反应温度的提高而相应地提高，炭黑产率随反应温度的提高而降低；在本文实验范围内，反应压力对产油率和炭黑产率基本上没有影响。

The results available now indicate that glass-like carbon synthesized from phenolic resin is a non-graphitizing carbon, and consists of both sp 2-hybridized carbon atoms that form imperfect graphite structure and sp 3-hybridized carbon atoms that are due to the presence of disordered carbon; and in the fullerene-related structure of glass-like carbon, there exist some pentagons and heptagons carbon rings.

玻璃炭作为一种特殊炭材料已广泛应用于许多领域，其制备、性质、应用以及基本结构的研究已经取得了很大的进展，已有的研究结果表明酚醛树脂基玻璃炭是一种典型的非石墨化炭材料，由 sp2杂化态碳原子和 sp3杂态碳原子组成，且在其类富勒烯结构中存在五元环和七元环。

As of Tuesday, Google's results were still censored in China.

截至周二，谷歌的搜索结果仍受中国审查。

In order to make the positive action increase and negative one decrease, the sub-forces of the social factors must be adjusted to form a centripetal force.

在这一过程中，人的主体性发挥是社会有机体健康发展的灵魂。