查询词典 calculus of probability

Aim To discuss and analyze the formation of normal probability curve and the features of De Moivre's probability thought.

目的 系统地探讨和分析正态概率曲线的发现过程及棣莫弗(Abraham De Moivre，1667-1754)概率思想的创新点。

The Generalized Kolmogorov Probability generalized the 1st Kolmogorov's axiom and allows the probability values to be within the whole open real interval of (-infinite,+infinite).

广义的柯尔莫果洛夫概率(Generalized Kolmogorov Probability)推广了柯尔莫果洛夫概率三公理的第一公理：概率可在开区间范围内取值。

No additional data for frequency tracking are need, but higher estimation accuracy and low computational complexity can be obtained. Finally, a kind of optimizing joint algorithm for symbol timing, frequency synchronization and channel estimation is proposed. The false alarm probability and miss detect probability of the symbol timing are derived. We proved that the time－frequency offset domain random sequence sliding in the frequency offset direction is orthogonal with the original random sequence, and proposed a new integer frequency offset estimation algorithm. The coarse estimation methods for fractional frequency offset both in AWGN and multipath channels are proposed too.

最后，提出了一种优化的符号同步、频偏估计和信道估计的联合算法，推导了符号同步方法的虚警概率和漏检概率，给出了随机序列在时间－频率偏移域沿频率偏移方向滑动后与原序列近似正交的证明，提出了一种新的在时间－频率偏移域沿频率偏移方向进行滑动相关估计整数频偏的方法，提出了在AWGN信道和多径信道下进行小数频偏粗估计的方法，给出了小数频偏细估计的ML估计结果和利用频域PN序列取值特性的简洁的信道估计结果。

The noise frequency modulation signal was particularly analyzed. The Fokker-Planck equation of noise frequency modulation was presented and the Motion-Group Fourier Transform was used by converting the partial differential equation into the variable coefficient homogenous linear differential equations. Then the solutions were given by using the peano-baker series. So the probability density function of noise frequency modulation in the filter was given. On the basis of the probability density function the stochastic resonance of noise frequency modulation signal is analyzed.

首先建立了噪声调频干扰信号通过脉冲压缩雷达中频滤波器后所满足的福克尔－普朗克方程，然后利用群移傅立叶变换（Motion-Group Fourier Transform，MGFT）将此偏微分方程化成了变系数齐次线性微分方程组，并利用Peano-Baker级数法给出了该方程组的解，最后得到了噪声调频干扰信号通过脉冲压缩雷达中频滤波器后的概率密度函数，在此基础上研究了噪声调频干扰信号造成的随机共振现象。

The corresponding coefficient of deviation mean Φp and transcendental probability P are evaluated under different skewness coefficient Cs by deducing Pearson Type Ⅲ probability density distribution function according to the requirement of Military Specification Airplane Strength and Rigidity.

本文按军用飞机强度和刚度规范中规定的要求，通过对皮尔逊Ⅲ型概率密度分布函数的推导，完成了在不同偏态系数Cs下的离均系数Φp和超越概率P的对应数值编程计算，并得到了相应的计算结果。

I have calculated the species diversity for 3 layers (i.e. tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer) by means of various biodiversity index formulas and analyzed the relative species abundance using 9 models of the probability density distribution functions, such as, 3 Distribution (or Beta Distribution, Weibull Distribution, Lognormal Distribution, Poisson Distribution, Binomial Distribution, Negative Binomial Distribution ,Geometric Distribution, etc.. chi-square analyses were conducted on species distribution by using the chi-square test formulated by Pearson to test which distribution function is better, the result of chi square test made it possible to reject the other 8 distribution functions, theβdistribution function performs better than other probability density functions, it has a very close approximation, which can be used for the description of relative abundances of species in forest communities in this data set.

在相对多度研究上选用了九种概率分布模型，这九种概率密度分布函数依次为：贝塔分布、Weibull分布、对数正态分布、泊松分布、二项分布、负二项分布、几何分布、对数分布和奈曼A型分布，并进行了严格的卡方检验，结果表明：其它八种分布均被遭到拒绝，只有贝塔分布获得了通过，且拟合的结果非常理想。

Using normal distribution transform probability model to represent a laser range scan.Not need features corresponded,but transform the discrete scan date to the piecewise continuous and differentiable probability density function,and using Newton's algorithm to optimize scan matching,so can build the 2D global map.

利用正态分布转换概率模型来表示激光扫描，不需利用特征对应，而是通过将扫描得到的离散数据点转换成分段连续可微的概率密度函数，并利用牛顿优化算法来进行扫描匹配，从而建立2维全局地图。

In the process of recognition, the prior probability is supposed to be the same, the posterior probability is calculated according to GMM, and then the instrument class is determined.

乐器识别在科学研究和实际应用中有重要意义。目前人们对于音频有不同的认识，还没有一种成熟的理论用于研究人类如何识别声源。

Finally, the impact of loading on the probability of occurring of cascading failures is studied, and a phenomenon that power systems with more uniform loading have lower probability of occurring of cascading failures is found.

分析了负载情况对系统发生连锁故障概率的影响，发现系统负载较均匀时发生连锁故障的概率将大大降低。

On the other hand, in terms of the above,"superposition principle of probability amplitudes" in quantum mechanics ought to be indicated as "probability amplitudes is independent of passage conditions."

另一方面，按照上面的用语，量子力学中的"概率幅的迭加原理"应表成"概率幅不依赖于通道条件"。

You can snipe the second and third union leaders from this position.

您可以鹬第二和第三工会领袖从这一立场出发。

Aiming at the currently shortage of XML streams quality detecting, this paper proposes a new forecasting method of XML streams quality by least squares support vector machines, which is used the method of XML keys' vector matrix as windows, and vector product wavelet transform to multilevel decompose and refactor the XML streams series, that can fulfill real-time checking demand of XML quality, and ensure constraint, consist- ency and integrality. For even more adapting net load, it proposes a control strategy by weight and adaptive adjustment to ensure XML streams quality.

针对当前XML数据流质量检测存在的不足，提出构建XML键的矢量矩阵作为窗口，利用矢量积小波变换多级分解与重构XML数据流，再结合最小二乘支持向量机对XML数据流质量进行预测的一种方法，满足XML数据流质量重构时实时检测的要求，保证XML数据的约束性、一致性与完整性；为了更好的适应网络负载，采取加权与自适应窗口调整等调度策略充分保证XML数据流的质量检测。