查询词典 calculus of finite differences

The main contributions of the second part of this dissertation are focused on the cryptographic properties of logical functions over finite field, with the help of the properties of trace functions, and that of p-polynomials, as well as the permutation theory over finite field: The new definition of Chrestenson linear spectrum is given and the relation between the new Chrestenson linear spectrum and the Chrestenson cyclic spectrum is presented, followed by the inverse formula of logical function over finite field; The distribution for linear structures of the logical functions over finite field is discussed and the complete construction of logical functions taking on all vectors as linear structures is suggested, which leads to the conception of the extended affine functions over finite field, whose cryptographic properties is similar to that of the affine functions over field GF (2) and prime field F〓; The relationship between the degeneration of logical functions and the linear structures, the degeneration of logical functions and the support of Chrestenson spectrum, as well as the relation between the nonlinearity and the linear structures are discussed; Using the relation of the logical functions over finite field and the vector logical functions over its prime field, we reveal the relationship between the perfect nonlinear functions over finite field and the vector generalized Bent functions over its prime field; The existence or not of the perfect nonlinear functions with any variables over any finite fields is offered, and some methods are proposed to construct the perfect nonlinear functions by using the balanced p-polynomials over finite field.

重新定义了有限域上逻辑函数的Chrestenson线性谱，考察了新定义的Chrestenson线性谱和原来的Chrestenson循环谱的关系，并利用一组对偶基给出了有限域上逻辑函数的反演公式；给出了有限域上随机变量联合分布的分解式，并利用随机变量联合分布的分解式对有限域上逻辑函数的密码性质进行了研究；给出了有限域上逻辑函数与相应素域上向量逻辑函数的关系，探讨了它们之间密码性质的联系，如平衡性，相关免疫性，扩散性，线性结构以及非线性度等；讨论了有限域上逻辑函数各类线性结构之间的关系，并给出了任意点都是线性结构的逻辑函数的全部构造，由此引出了有限域上的"泛仿射函数"的概念；考察了有限域上逻辑函数的退化性与线性结构的关系、退化性与Chrestenson谱支集的关系；给出了有限域逻辑函数非线性度的定义，利用有限域上逻辑函数的非线性度与相应素域上向量逻辑函数非线性度的关系，考察了有限域上逻辑函数的非线性度与线性结构的关系；利用有限域上逻辑函数与相应素域上向量逻辑函数的关系，揭示了有限域上的广义Bent函数与相应素域上的广义Bent函数的关系，以及有限域上的完全非线性函数与相应素域上向量广义Bent函数之间的关系；给出了任意有限域上任意n元完全非线性函数存在性与否的完整证明，并利用有限域上平衡的p-多项式的性质给出了有限域上完全非线性函数的一些基本构造方法。

Using differential calculus knowledge to testify inequality, Calculus of higher mathematics is the core and calculus method of higher mathematics is typical of the whole mathematical method, the method is introduced for calculus ideas to solve the problem of finding an inequation, to make way for obtaining inequalities can be simple, the application of differential mid-value theorem and Taylor formula illustrate some of the inequality proof method.

运用微分学知识证明不等式；微积分是高等数学的核心，微积分思想方法是高等数学乃至整个数学的典型方法，微积分思想方法的引入为解决不等式证明的难题找到了突破，用来解不等式可使解题思路变得简单，文章应用微分中值定理及泰勒公式举例说明了部分不等式的证明方法。

The calcalus learns is a mathematic branch connected closely with scientific application.Infinitesimal is an important componant in the theoretical system and has an outstanding effect on the forming of the basis and conception of the theory. infinitesimal ; calculus ; the calculus learns ; differential calculus ; integral calculus

引 言微积分学是建立在实数、函数和极限理论基础上，研究函数微分、积分以及有关概念与应用的数学分支。17世纪精密科学的飞速发展，天文学、力学、光学、工业技术要求数学彻底革新，导致了无穷小概念的问世，促使费马增量理论开创微分学的先河，同时奠定了柯西的极限理论。

In SPVT (security protocol verifying tool), the specification language is the π-like calculus extended with three appendixes, the Dolev-Yao model is described with Horn logic rules, the π-like calculus model of security protocol is transformed into the logic program model by abstract rules, the security properties are verified based on the calculus of the logic program's fixpoint, and the counter-examples on security properties are constructed from the process of the fixpoint calculus and the process of the property verification.

在SPVT中，以扩展附加项的类演算作为安全协议描述语言，以扩展附加项的Horn逻辑规则描述协议攻击者的Dolev-Yao模型，通过一组抽象规则将安全协议的类(演算模型转换为逻辑程序模型，基于安全协议逻辑程序的不动点计算验证安全性质，从安全协议逻辑程序的不动点计算和安全性质的验证过程中构造不满足安全性质的安全协议反例。

Prolonged markedly the time of sleep in mice with the hypnotic effect induced by phenobarbital sodium, while SWNH (50 mg/kg), the natural calculus bovis (100 mg/kg), and the artificial calculus bovis (100 mg/kg) did not. SWNH (500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg), the natural calculus bovis (1,000 mg/kg), and the artificial calculus bovis (1,000 mg/kg) i.g.

生物牛黄中间体100mg/kg体重、150mg/kg体重腹腔注射给药，可使苯巴比妥钠引起的小鼠睡眠时间明显延长；生物牛黄中间体50mg/kg体重、天然牛黄100mg/kg体重和人工牛黄100mg/kg体重对睡眠时间的延长无明显影响。

During the study of incidence calculus theory, we firstly clarified original incidence calculus and the probabilistic reasoning mechanism on it. We then introduced the improvement of generalized incidence calculus theory proposed by Liu~[18], which establishes incidence calculus theory on Lukasiewiczs three valued logic.

本文首先阐述了原始的发生率计算理论及其上的概率推理机制，然后引入Liu对该理论的改进，以Lukasiewicz三值逻辑为基础，并提出了这个扩展的理论与证据理论之间的等价关系。

They can find more values on their professions for a long period of time.（2）University counselors' professional identity is increasing by age, and the differences are significant.（3）The degree of masters' professional identity is a little higher than that of students of five-years term college and undergraduates, and also the differences are significant.（4）The differences of university counselors' professional identity on work age are significant. Who work for 5 to 10 years involves into Job burnout easily.（5）The differences of university counselors' professional identity on monthly profit are significant. The counselor who owns more monthly profit may increases the degree of professional identity.（6）University counselors' professional identity is increasing by administrative level, and the differences are significant.（7）University counselors' professional identity is increasing by professional title, too. The differences are significant.（8）The differences of university counselors' professional identity on school types are significant. The professional consciousness of counselors from Key University is the highest, and General College, voluntary school, junior college follows. There are subjective and objective factors which have impacts on the identity.

与男性辅导员相比，女性辅导员更喜爱辅导员职业，认为从事该职业体现自我价值，愿意长期从事辅导员工作；高校辅导员职业认同度随着年龄的增加而提高；30岁以下的女性比男性辅导员职业认同程度低，而31--45岁的女性则比男性高，45岁以上男女无差异；不同学历水平的高校辅导员在职业认同度上不存在显著差异，相对于大专、本科学历的高校辅导员而言，具有硕士研究生学历的高校辅导员职业认同度略高；不同工龄的辅导员在职业认同上存在差异，工作了5-10年的辅导员易产生职业倦怠，职业认同程度低；不同月收入水平的高校辅导员在职业认同度上存在显著差异，月收入越多，职业认同程度越高；不同行政级别高校辅导员的职业认同存在显著差异，随着行政级别的提高，高校辅导员的职业认同度逐步提高；不同职称的高校辅导员在职业认同上存在显著差异，辅导员职称越高，其职业认同程度提升；不同学校类型的辅导员对职业的认同程度存在显著差异，省重点高校的辅导员职业认同度最高，其他依次为省普通高校、省民办高校、省大专院校。

In modern physics research, the calculus of variations has a broad application of law. As a solid mechanics, structural mechanics and computational mechanics of the theoretical foundation, it has important value in theory and practice on the mechanics; Variation method ruled out the perturbation of the restrictions can be widely used in many state-level and the state function in the calculation in the optical; Calculus of variations can be calculated with the parameters, we can guarantee the reliability of the results, can effectively reduce the workload of calculation, It can be said that the applications of calculus of variations are very broad.

在现代的物理学研究中，变分法有着广泛的应用：在力学上，变分法作为固体力学、结构力学及计算力学的理论基础，在理论上和实践上都有重要的价值；在光学上，变分法排除了微扰法的限制，可以广泛应用于诸多定态能级和态函数的计算中；在量子力学的应用中，具有可算出系统的参数，既可以保证计算结果的可靠性，又能有效地减少计算的工作量等的优点，可以说变分法的应用领域十分广阔。

ELNF calculus is a functional/logic calculus system which based on LNF calculus by extending it to include logic programming ability.

ELNF演算的解释技术金海，李智勇，张运桢，阳富民，银海（华中理工大学计算机系，武汉430074）摘要ELNF演算是我们在LNF演算的基础上扩充逻辑程序设计能力而得到的一种函数／逻辑演算系统，它构成了作者设计的函数／逻辑语言RFUNLOG的基础。

These descriptions are brief, but based on them it is indeterminable and has disadvantage in system design and direct implementation. On the other hand, these works mostly focus on describing variants behaviors of Ambient calculus in one level, which makes it complicated to understand clearly how these variants behaviors work and how they work together. As a result, based on the unit ambient of Ambient calculus, a three-level semantics description framework is given for Ambient calculus.

这种描述方式尽管简洁，一方面却具有不确定性，不利于实际的网络计算系统的设计和直接实现；另一方面，这种语义描述方式均在一个层次上描述Ambient演算系统中的各种行为语义，使得Ambient演算中各种计算行为纠缠在一起，复杂而难以理解。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48