查询词典 calculus of errors

The horizontal and vertical first derivatives of magnetic anomalies of an infinite cylinder are calculated by the cosine transform method, in which the maximum errors are -0.28 nT/m and 0.47nT/m, respectively and the percent errors are generally within -3.57%~3.27% and -1.94%~1.88%, respectively except several data of the boundary and part are bigger because of remains of Gibbus effect. The calculating curve and theoretical curve are approximately coincident, and there is no influence by effective magnetic dip angle in computing. But the errors with the Fourier transform method are -10.62nT/m and 14.42nT/m, there is large departure between the calculating curve and theoretical curve and evident influence by effective magnetic dip angle in computing.

利用余弦变换法计算的无限长水平圆柱体磁异常水平和垂向一阶导数的最大误差分别为-0.28nT/m、0.47nT/m；水平一阶导数的误差一般在-3.57%~3.27%之间，垂向一阶导数的误差一般在-1.94%~1.88%之间；计算的磁异常一阶导数值与理论值大致重合，而且不受有效磁化倾角的影响而Fourier变换法计算的水平和垂向一阶导数最大误差分别为-10.62nT/m、14.42nT/m，计算曲线与理论曲线偏离大，受磁化倾角的影响也较大。

For example, manufacturing errors, especially errors of profile and position, assembly errors, nonplanar characteristics of dynamic parameters of components (such as the distribution of mass, inertia forces, etc.), deformation of components, external environments (such as the temperature, the field of the gravity), varying of the condition and so on, all that will disturb the planar constraints, and make it uncertain.

根据广义约束的观点，由于机械的工作受到各种内部和外部约束（包括几何约束、运动约束、动力约束及工作环境条件的约束等）的综合作用，实际上要保证这些约束精确的平面性是不可能的。

Under the premise of grasp the basic konwledge of accounting errors masterly, the accounting treatment for accounting errors have been studied in this article, fully aware the inherent hypostases of the accounting errors, correction methods and exertion. Through the correlative case analysis to learn more about the steps of error correction and operation of the process.

在熟练掌握了对会计差错的基本知识的前提下，本文对会计差错更正的相关会计处理进行了研究，充分了解会计差错的内在本质，更正的方法和运用，通过案例的分析详细了解会计差错更正的步骤和操作过程。

Under the premise of grasp the basic konwledge of accounting errors masterly, the accounting treatment foraccounting errors have been studied in this article, fully aware the inherent hypostases of the accounting errors, correction methods and exertion. Through the correlative case analysis to learn more about the steps of error correction and operation of the process.

在熟练掌握了对会计差错的基本知识的前提下，本文对会计差错更正的相关会计处理进行了研究，充分了解会计差错的内在本质，更正的方法和运用，通过案例的分析详细了解会计差错更正的步骤和操作过程。

Empirical results show that the ultimate controlling shareholders play a vital role in explaining analysts' forecast errors. Its proxies for controlling shareholder's stock hypothecating ratio, board seats controlled by controlling shareholder, president as well as CEO controlled by controlling shareholder all reveal significant direct or potential effects on analysts' forecast errors. Whereas, the ratio of cash flow right to stock voting right has a negative impact on forecast errors.

实证结果显示，控制股东概念之治理变数却大多呈现对分析师预测误差有著直接或潜在作用，作为控制股东持股质押率代理变数之董监持股质押率，与控制股东董事会席位比率对於分析师预测误差皆具显著正向影响；当公司发生损失时，董监持股质押率、现金流量权占控股权比率与分析师预测误差呈现显著负相关，控制股东的参与管理则对於分析师预测误差则呈现显著正向作用。

According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.

本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。

This paper is based on the analysis of an authentic recorded experiment of Chinese college students' grammar errors in English Writing , attempting to utilize language learning and teaching theories related to errors in the light of thinking mode to probe a more effective way to treat the second language (L2) writing errors.

摘 要：本文基于真实实验，在思维模式的层面上探索中国大学生英语写作中的语法错误，利用与错误相关的语言学习和教学理论进行分析，讨论怎样更有效地处理第二语言写作中的错误。

In the fourth part, the experiment equipment is established, images are captured through CMOS, and the result of experiment is analyzed and the calibration curve is drawn, due to the non-linear characteristic of the used light-sensitive transducers calibration, the method of using piecewise linear line to approximate CMOS calibration curve is proposed, which decreased the measurement errors greatly, analyzed the measurement errors and proposed the methods of minishing errors.

第四部分搭建了实验装置，通过CMOS采集了大量的图像，分析了实验结果，做出了标定曲线，鉴于标定曲线的非线性特征，采用逐段折线逼近该标定曲线的方法，大大减小了误差，并进行了误差分析和提出了减小误差的方法。

In the fourth part, the experiment equipment is established, images are captured through CMOS, and the result of experiment is analyzed and the calibration curve is drawn, due to the non-linear characteristic of the used light-sensitive transducer's calibration, the method of using piecewise linear line to approximate CMOS calibration curve is proposed, which decreased the measurement errors greatly, analyzed the measurement errors and proposed the methods of minishing errors.

第四部分搭建了实验装置，通过CMOS采集了大量的图像，分析了实验结果，做出了标定曲线，鉴于标定曲线的非线性特征，采用逐段折线逼近该标定曲线的方法，大大减小了误差，并进行了误差分析和提出了减小误差的方法。

The correlation coefficient of weak correlated random error is calculated using least squares method, so the random errors ultimately are classified as correlated errors and misrelated errors.

然后进行了目标运动模型假定及命中点和误差的坐标平移，并对未来空域窗体制下的毁伤概率进行了数学分析与数字仿真。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48