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For the calculation of the dissipation, a new approximate method is proposed.

提出了一个新的计算粘性耗散和损伤耗散的近似方法。

Meanwhile, as a numerical approximation method, calculation error of meshless method is inevitable, so the adaptive process is programmed.

同时，作为一种数值近似计算方法，无网格法的计算误差是不可避免的，因此引入自适应方法。

The important is that it would provide experience to other research of the aquifer parameter calculation.

实例研究表明，这种求参方法精度高、切实可行，可以推广到其他的含水层参数确定中。

It would be unfair to claim that calculation of model stars inherently contains an element of arbitrariness.

认为恒星模型的计算必然带有某种主观随意性是不公正的。

By means of uniting geometry with algebra, the arc length, tangent line, cotangent space and curvature of curve in four dimensional space are investigated, and the corresponding calculation formula in each cases are given.

用形数结合的观点研究了四维空间中曲线的弧长、切线、法空间和曲率问题，并给出了其计算公式。

Considered the inside and outside contour line was Archimedes spiral in the cold rolling, the forming law of rectangular cross sectional rings has been studied. And the more precise geometrical models and calculation models have been gained. The researches can be used as a theoretical and experimental foundation for the simulation of ring rolling process. At the same time, the results of theoretical analysis have a good agreement with the results of practical rolling production.

本文在考虑冷轧过程中环件的内外轮廓线均为阿基米德螺线的情况下，对矩形截面环件的轧制成形规律进行了研究，得到了较精确的几何模型和计算模型，为环件轧制过程的模拟提供了理论依据和实验依据，同时理论分析的结果与实际轧制生产过程中的结果有较好的吻合。

In architectonics, the calculation of rectangular plate on elastic foundation, in common, is used by the finite element method and chart .

在建筑结构设计中的局部均布荷载作用下非均匀弹性地基上矩形板的计算一般采用有限元法和图表，在理论上很难获得一般性的解析解。

Through the comparison and analysis of four examples,this paper draws the common methods,procedures and thinking paths of using the definite integral in the calculation of the area of some planar graph s and the static pressure of the liquid.

通过4个例题的对比分析，得出定积分在计算一些平面图形面积和液体静压力的一般方法、步骤以及思考路径。

By using solidworks software,The models of AOD converter shell and molten steel for obtaining the areal coordinates are created to make refined calculation about the tilting moment s of the new or old converters.

运用solidworks软件建立AOD炉及钢液的三维实体模型，以获取其重心坐标，并对新炉、旧炉倾动力矩进行了精确的计算，依据倾动力矩变化曲线提出了防止炉体自动倾翻的耳轴中心安全高度的合理位置。

The system gets two image of one object with two CCD, thus obtains depth from two CCD"s parallax. After investigating the operation spot and discussing with surgeons we use LED as markers, and get the marker"s 3-D position with a non-contact optics orientation method. After calibrating the CCD, processing the image, the system can figure out marker"s areal coordinates, get marker"s 3-D coordinate in dummy world coordinate system, thereby obtain instruments 3-D position and orientation. After the coordinate transformation and a series of orientation calculation, operation navigation comes true.

运用两个摄像机对同一目标从不同位置成像，进而从视差中恢复距离；通过对手术现场的仔细了解与手术医师的反复商榷，使用LED作为标志点，利用非接触式光学定位方法提取空间点位置信息：通过对摄像机的标定、图像处理及目标点重心的计算，求出空间点在虚拟世界坐标系下的三维坐标，从而确定了手术器械等的空间位姿，通过空间坐标转换及一系列定位计算，完成了手术导航实验系统。

Objective:To explore the feasibility of laparoscopy in diagnosing and treating of abdominal diseases.

目的：探讨腹腔镜用以诊断腹部外科疾病及选择治疗方案的可行性。

The lifetime of nylon 1010 and nylon 1010/POSS composites decreased with increasing temperature.

热重-红外联用分析表明尼龙1010在氮气气氛下的降解产物主要为小分子的低聚物，POSS并不改变尼龙1010降解产物的组成。