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Based on the characteristics of transaction curve and parallel line,the calculation formulas of boundary line parameters and length are derived,providing theoretical support for higher grade highway design,and determination,as well as practical formula for calculation,also providing mathematics model for dealing with linear data which are obtained through road survey.

本文从讨论缓和曲线边线的性质着手，对缓和曲线的曲线长度与对应的曲率半径变化规律作了分析比较，证明了缓和曲线的平行线不再具备缓和曲线的性质，如果把边线仍当作缓和曲线处理则会引起路线宽窄的变化。

This paper uses unsaturated soil Alonso elasto-plastic model to analyze the influence of model parameter value on numerical calculation. And the result shows that Finite Element numerical calculation which adopts the specimen integral deformation model parameter will generate errors, and overestimates unsaturated soil strength.

应用非饱和土Alonso弹塑性模型研究探讨了模型参数取值对非饱和土数值计算结果的影响，使用包含端部约束影响的试样整体变形确定的模型参数进行有限元数值计算将产生误差，同时也高估了非饱和土体的强度。

The methods of parametric calculation and circuit equation calculation are also introduced.

阐述了超高压电压互感器冲击电压分布计算的电路模型、参数计算和电路方程计算的方法，计算了三种不同结构的模型，并就这些结构的特点对冲击电压分布的影响进行了比较。

According to the characteristic that the definition point of the Q matrix of wave front is always located on the extremum point on the axis of the beam, a three-dimensional formula for the rectificative factor of phase in complex ray paraxial approximation is proposed, which calculates the rectificative factor of phase directly without considering the calculation of the main directions and curvatures and the rotation of the coordinates, thus simplifying the paraxial approximation calculation by the complex ray expansion method.

根据波前Q矩阵的定义点总位于波束轴上极值点的特点，提出了三维复射线近轴近似相位校正因子计算公式。该公式不用考虑主方向和主曲率的计算和坐标旋转，直接计算相位校正因子，从而简化了复射线展开法的近轴近似计算。

This thesis establishes constrained motion model and sensor model of a mobile robot to represent mobility and perceptivity, respectively, and defines the k step reachable region to describe the states that the robot may reach. We show that the calculation of the k step reachable region can be reduced from that of 2k reachable regions with the fixed motion styles to k + 1 such regions, and provide an algorithm for its calculation.

首先建立了移动机器人约束运动模型和传感器模型用于描述机器人的移动和感知，给出了可达区定义，即机器人在有限步内可能到达的区域，在此基础上证明了在k步不同运动模式下多达2k个可达区的计算可以降为k+1个可达区的计算，并提出了k步可达区由k+1个扇形组成的计算算法。

In EC - Bed Linen, the Appellate Body reversed the Panel's conclusion that "an interpretation of Article 2.2.2 under which sales not in the ordinary course of trade are excluded from the determination of the profit amount to be used in the calculation of a constructed normal value is permissible".(37) The Appellate Body emphasized that Article 2.2.2 refers to "actual amounts incurred and realized by other exporters and producers" and concluded that, in the light of this wording, in the calculation of weighted average all of the actual amounts have to be included, regardless of whether the underlying sales were made in the ordinary course of trade or not

在EC - Bed Linen案中，调查机构推翻了专家组所认为的"依据条款2.2.2的解释，排除在非正常贸易过程中适用确立计算正常价值的计算是可允许的"(37)调查机构强调，条款2.2.2是指"其他出口商和生产者所产生的和已实现的实际数量"，并且推断，依据这些措辞，在计算不得不包括的所有实际数量的加权平均值时，不管以下销售是否是在正常贸易过程中进行

Chapter 3 analyzes numerically the effects for orbit calculation caused by orbital perturbation, parameter error and so on. A precise mathematical model of orbit calculation is given.

第三章通过数值法分析了各项轨道摄动和参数误差等因素的对轨道计算的影响，给出了精确的月球探测器轨道计算数学模型。

In the theoretical calculation, the direct calculating method of the high pressure phase diagram of ternary system was worked out on the basis of the boundary theory of phase diagrams and the principles of the calculation of high pressure multicomponent phase diagrams.

在理论计算方面，根据相图的边界理论和多元体系高压相图的计算原理，提出了直接计算三元体系高压相图的方法和计算过程。

The paper makes Correction for the error in the calculation method of phase constant of Symmetrical transmission line often used at present, and gives the accurate calculation formula of β that is not only convenient to use but also suitable to program for computer.

1相移常数计算中存在的问题在对称传输线一次和二次传输参数的计算中，目前广泛采用开、短路测试法。利用这种方法获得的传输参数大多具有较高的准确性，其结果一般是令人满意的。

Based on the non-linear system and in the light of the characteristics of piecewise linearization of the bumper performance curve in the calculation of train coupling s,the calculation formulas are re-deduced by use of the basic principles of Newmark-β method.

基于非线性系统，针对列车连挂计算中缓冲器特性曲线分段线性化的特点，利用Newmark-β方法的基本原理重新推导计算公式，改进了传统的Newmark-β方法，改善了算法的稳定性，减小了计算误差，使之适用于列车连挂的计算。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。