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To solve the problem of designing a photovoltaic power system theoretically and reasonably, the process of pretreatment upon the raw radiation data is discussed in details and the mathematical models for calculating the insolation on a tilted surface are developed.

本文提出了对原始辐射数据的处理方法，给出了倾斜面辐射量计算的数学模型，推导了太阳电池方阵在不同运行方式时倾角和入射角的数学表达式，提供了电源系统设计的基本步骤和计算机程序框图。

Considering the effect of load and helical angle on the instaneous width of contact area, this paper uses the BEM program for calculating the deformations at different place along the width of convex tooth and concave tooth of W-N gear and gets the relevant deformation curves.

并首次应用三维边界元方法，在计入齿面瞬时接触迹宽度随外载、螺旋角而变化的条件下，计算了双圆弧齿轮凸齿面端部和凹齿面端部的变形。

Based on the theory of dynamics and motion, the model for simulating the instantaneous angular speed in diesel engine is presented. The calculating software is developed with LabVIEW, the instantaneous angular speed is calculated and analyzed.

根据柴油机的动力学和运动学，建立了柴油机瞬时转速的计算模型，在LabVIEW软件开发平台上开发了仿真计算软件，进行了柴油机瞬时转速的仿真计算与分析。

We design a fast calculating amplitude method: obtain two instantaneous voltages at first, after that calculate the current voltage virtual value once we get another instantaneous voltage.

我们设计了一种快速计算幅值的方法，只需先采得两个电压瞬时值，之后每采样一个电压瞬时值即可求得当前的电压幅值。

On the basis of summarizing the calculating methods of minimum instreaming ecological flow at home and abroad, the improved wetted perimeter method is adopted to determine minimum instreaming ecological flow of upper reaches of Hangjiang River.

在探讨总结国内外计算河道内最小生态流量(minimum instream ecological flow)方法的基础上，针对汉江流域的实际情况，选用改进湿周法对汉江上游石泉、安康和白河3个水文断面的最小生态流量进行定量估算。

The relations between the numbers of measured points and measuring error are found based on least-square method in calculating the geometric paramteters of circle, sphere, plane etc. Furthermore the choice of the number of measured point and their distribution have been recomended instructively.

为了减小偶然误差或消除零件表面形状误差对测量结果的影响，往往多测数点或数十点，本文推导出了使用最小二乘法计算几何参数时，如圆、球、平面等，测量点数与测量误差的关系，对测量点数及测点位置的选择提出了指导性意见。

According to the actual model of reactive power optimization, the integer coding is adopted, which avoids the decoding in binary coding when calculating the power flow.

经过对遗传算子的自适应调整，能够对优良个体进行保护和加速较差个体的进化，从而加速了算法的收敛速度。

Based on the return2calculating sequential conditional least-squares technique and the upper-triangular Cholesky decomposition algorithm, a new approach to resolve GPS carrier phase integer ambiguity solution , which is referred as Return-Calculating LAMBDA approach , has proposed in this paper.

基于回代解算的序贯条件最小二乘技术和上三角的Cholesky分解算法，提出求解载波相位模糊度的一种新算法——回代解算的LAMBDA方法。

The weakness of fixed step-size is that step-size is not variable regardless the curvature of each point of the integral curve change or not, which will affirmatively bring serious error in these points that the value of curvature is bigger. And, this kind of error will accumulate in calculating process.

定步长的缺点在于不管是积分曲线的各个点的曲率如何都取一样的步长，这样肯定会在曲率大的一些点带来比较严重的误差，这种误差将在每一步的计算中积累。

The mixing ratio is calculated with single coal positive state distribution curve equation integral, the operation is simple, the calculating result is unique, whether single coal reflection distribution curve is not overlapped or partially overlapped, the distribution curve is applicable.

按单煤正态分布曲线方程积分计算混合比，操作简单、计算结果唯一，无论单煤反射率分布曲线是否有部分重叠均适用。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。