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For a system with time delay, a approximate formula for calculating the residual servo variance is derived.

对于存在时间延迟的自适应光学系统，推导了计算大气湍流控制残余方差的近似公式，并给出了有探测噪声情况下确定系统最优控制带宽的公式。

An approximate formula for calculating the ultimate load on a foundation was derived by using the generalized limit equilibrium method.

应用广义极限平衡法获得了地基极限荷载的近似计算公式。

First, in the composite hypothesis testing, circular dispersion error which is more practicable than horizontal and vertical error is used to discuss some problems of the dispersion of impact points; and the critical area of decision in the dispersion problem is analyzed; the specific expression of Bayesian risk is worked out, which ameliorates the method that only can get the approximate solution by calculating numerical integration.

由此，本文主要应用Bayes方法对以下几方面进行了探讨：首先，在复杂假设下，本文利用圆散布误差这一精度指标对落点散布鉴定问题进行研究，它比以往所用的纵、横向偏差精度指标更具现实意义；分析了此鉴定问题的决策临界区域；给出其Bayes风险的具体表达式，对用数值积分进行近似求解的方法进行了改进；在此基础上，通过极小化试验的风险确定最优试验数n，并讨论了决策中犯两类错误的概率，给出了验前信息的表示。

According to results of analysis, An approximate method calculating transfer function by site dynamic characteristics is presented.

研究了抗震规范中的为高层建筑结构作时程分析确定地震动的方法并指出不足，提出了用近似场地传递函数来确定地震动时程的实用方法。

The angle θ could be obtained by calculating the arc tangent of the signal ratio Vx/Vy through the interface circuit and PC processor.

当与被测转角θ的物件轴向相连的径向永久磁铁转动时，传感器给出了相对于被测角度的两种信号电压，通过接口电路和PC机组成的非接触式测量系统把信号转换为转角θ。

Two calculating methods of straight line and Archimedes spiral approximating involute are introduced.

介绍了用直线及阿基米德螺旋线逼近渐开线的两种方法。

This paper presents a new method——using mean radius of curvature to find the substitutive arc of Archimedes spiral,with which better precision can be obtained and the calculating formulas are very simple.

提出了一种用平均曲率半径法求阿基米德螺旋线的代用圆弧的新方法，其计算公式简单，并可得到较高的精度。

In mountains area, when calculating and drawing the graph for protection area of lightning rod, we can use the direct graphic method.

在山坡地区，避雷针保护范围计算及作图可应用避雷针保护直接作图法。

Calculating the area of a circle; calculated their probable time of arrival.

计算圆的面积；计算他们可能的抵达时间

The arithmetic operation of summing ; calculating the sum of two or more numbers.

求和的算术运算；计算两个或两个以上数的总和。

The dissecting of samples in group2 were difficult. The root of pulmonary artery and ascending aorta failed to be unfolded because fibrous tissue was tough, right and left fibrous trigone were too firm to be solved by hand. Cardiac muscle fibers couldn't be stripped along myofibrillar trajectory since they were prone to break because of their friability.

组2的心脏解剖困难，表现为纤维组织坚韧，游离肺动脉非常困难；徒手无法松解左、右纤维三角，肺动脉和主动脉根部的游离非常困难；心肌纤维坚硬、质脆，解剖时容易断离成碎块，无法沿纤维走行方向剥离。

We have battled against the odds in a province that has become increasingly violent.

我们对在一个争夺日益激烈省的可能性。