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The plastic hinge model of perforated liner casing is built up to calculate the collapse pressure according to the strength and deformation behavior of perforated liner casing subjected to external pressure. The calculation equations of collapse pressure of perforated liner casing with initial ovalization are deduced by energy method. The influences of phrase angle, diameter of perforation, shot density, initial ovalization, diameter-thickness ratio and yield stress on the collapse pressure of perforated liner casing are studied. The model and equations are used to calculate the collapse pressure of an actual perforated liner casing as example.

摘摇要：根据煤层气完井筛管受力特点建立了筛管受力的塑性铰模型，利用能量法推导出带有初始椭圆度筛管抗挤强度的计算公式，分析了相位角、射孔直径、射孔密度、初始椭圆度、径厚比和屈服强度等影响因素对筛管抗挤强度的影响规律，并对某煤矿使用的筛管抗挤强度进行了计算，与已有的实验数据和有限元计算结果进行了对比。

The plastic hinge model of perforated liner casing is built up to calculate the collapse pressure according to the strength and deformation behavior of perforated liner casing subjected to external pressure. The calculation equations of collapse pressure of perforated liner casing with initial ovalization are deduced by energy method. The influences of phrase angle, diameter of perforation, shot density, initial ovalization, diameter-thickness ratio and yield stress on the collapse pressure of perforated liner casing are studied. The model and equations are used to calculate the collapse pressure of an actual perforated liner casing as example.

根据煤层气完井筛管受力特点建立了筛管受力的塑性铰模型，利用能量法推导出带有初始椭圆度筛管抗挤强度的计算公式，分析了相位角、射孔直径、射孔密度、初始椭圆度、径厚比和屈服强度等影响因素对筛管抗挤强度的影响规律，并对某煤矿使用的筛管抗挤强度进行了计算，与已有的实验数据和有限元计算结果进行了对比。

Create Jinfeng 62 (1.2MW) temperature model of mathematics and physics about permanent magnent synchronous generator in wind power, present basic hypothesis and boundary condition. select area that one slot opposite to calculate, utilize FEM calculate roter and stator temperature field. bring forward actual method, carefully analyse the result to generator temperature field, for example reduce coil insulation thickness, decrease conduction coefficient because insulation aging between circle, increase iron-core anisotropism conduction coefficient.

建立了金风62型(1.2MW)永磁同步风力发电机的二维温度场的数学和物理模型，给出了计算边界条件和分析假设条件，以一个槽所对应的电机计算区域，利用有限元方法计算发电机的定、转子温度场，详细分析了绕组线棒绝缘厚度减小、匝间绝缘老化致使导热系数减小、铁心各向异性导热系数提高等参数改进对于发电机温度场的影响。

According to the air trajectory of every rocket-assisted torpedo part, we establish an equation group of air vertical motion, improve the in-air trajectory model, and simulatively calculate the polynomials of firing distance and flight time,and firing distance and shut down time. Making use of the polynomials, we calculate the cooperative time of formation salvo of torpedoes, and determine command ways for different situations. The result may facilitate the research of operational application of rocket-assisted torpedo.

根据火箭助飞鱼雷空中运动各部分的特点，建立了其空中纵向运动方程组，完善了空中弹道模型，仿真计算了射程-飞行时间和射程-关机时间关系多项式，利用关系式计算了编队齐射火箭助飞鱼雷的协同时间，确定了不同态势下的指挥方式，为深入研究火箭助飞鱼雷编队作战使用问题提供了重要的参考数据和理论依据。

When the viewpoint is changing quickly, the rendering algorithm ignores some details of the diffuse component, otherwise the scene is rendered more precisely. The Specula highlight is dependent of the viewpoint, it must be processed in real time. We present an algorithm to get rid of the area that does not contain specula highlight quickly and calculate only the area that contains the specula highlight. In order to calculate the specula reflection and refraction component, we presented a new raytracing algorithm based on the environment map transformation. The environment maps are constructed at the sample points of the scene in the preprocessing phase. We add depth information in the environment maps and generate the exact reflection and refraction intensity with the transformation of a few pixels.

对于表面光亮度漫射分量，由于它与视点无关，可以把面片按照光照细节的分布预剖分成层次结构，然后在实时漫游时根据场景变化的快慢决定绘制的细致程度；对于镜面高光分量，由于它与视点有关，必须实时处理，我们提出了一种快速高光裁剪算法，通过简单测试，去除那些不包含高光的区域，只处理包含高光的区域；对于镜面反射分量和折射分量，我们提出了一种基于环境映照变换的快速光线跟踪算法，预先在场景的离散采样点处建立环境映照，然后根据入射点的位置，把邻近采样点处的环境映照上相关象素处的可见点变换过来，求取反射分量和折射分量。

Furthermore, this article tells us about comprehensive analysis to confirm the various calculate parameters to decide the water resources supplying and egesting according to item calculate capacity of each area.

其次，在系统分析潍坊市地质与水文地质条件、气象、水文、地下水动态和有关地下水均衡试验、排灌试验、地下水开发利用等各项基础资料的同时，采用多种方法综合分析确定各项计算参数，并分项计算确定各水资源分区的补给量、排泄量、不同类型区地下水间的重复计算量。

The Broms method, m method and p-y curve method are respectively used to calculate the horizontal resistance coefficient of the filled earth behind the abutment back wall, the m method and p-y curve method are used to calculate the resistance coefficients of the earth around the abutment column and at the sides of the abutment and pier piles. The TDV software is used to simulate the restraint of the earth to the piles ends.

分别采用Broms法、m法及p-y曲线法计算桥台背墙后填土的水平抗力系数；采用m法及p-y曲线法计算台柱土的水平抗力系数和台桩、墩桩侧土的水平抗力系数；采用TDV软件模拟土对桩端的约束作用。

And productivityand calculate the card bore and make the lathe up to designincluding processing the process picture of the part, processedsketch map, lathe to contact size picture and and the calculatedcard of productivity, named " three pictures and one calorie " thatusually spoken are designed; Many axle case part is it include manyaxle case design primitive drawing, main shaft choice and powercalculate, design of transmission and calculate, etc., structure ofform that basis pursue mainly to design.

粗镗组合机床总体设计包括被加工零件工序图、加工示意图、机床联系尺寸图和生产率计算卡，即通常所说的&三图一卡&设计；主轴箱部件设计主要包括主轴箱设计原始依据图的绘制、主轴结构形式的选择及动力计算、传动系统的设计与计算等。

The power law scheme was used to calculate convective flux and diffusive flux,the over-relaxed correction approach was employed to calculate cross diffusion flux,and Rhie-Chow s momentum interpolation method along with SIMPLEC procedure was used to derive water level correction equation.

针对非结构网格下的潮流数值计算，采用有限体积法离散基本方程，对流-扩散项离散采用幂率格式，交叉扩散项引入超松弛校正方法，水位校正方程应用Rhie-Chow动量插值思想和SIMPLEC类算法导出。

In this paper,two experimental methods had been adopted to verify the correctness and practicality of the shape meter method:one is to roll aluminum plate and calculate the shape stiffness of mill and rolled piece,then survey aluminum plate crown to verify shape stiffness equation ;the other is to calculate survey data off line of hot continuous roll.

采用两种实验方式验证了板形计法的正确性和实用性，其一是通过轧铝板实验，计算轧机板形刚度和轧件板形刚度，由实测铝板凸度验证板形刚度方程；其二是由CVC板形控制热连轧机实测数据，用离线计算自适应系数的方法验证板形测控数学模

Article 144 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the policy previously practised in Hong Kong in respect of subventions for non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, medicine and health, culture, art, recreation, sports, social welfare and social

第一百四十四条香港特别行政区政府保持原在香港实行的对教育、医疗卫生、文化、艺术、康乐、体育、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体机构的资助政策。原在香港各资助机构任职的人员均可根据原有制度继续受聘。

Small wonder, then, that the Chinese spend more in the shop than any other group of foreign visitors do .

这样的小惊喜，使中国顾客比任何国家的人消费得更多。