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This study was conducted to examiune the fibrotic effect of Ni-Ti and 317L al loys in esophagus.The extract fluid from Ni-Ti,317L alloys was made according t o the ASTM standards of U.S.A. The Fb of esophageal scar was cultured primarily ,then incubated with alloy abstract fluid. The proliferating activity of Fb was measured by MTT at 4, 24, 48, 72 hours in the course of culturing. The esophagu s embedding test of Ni-Ti,317L alloys was made according to ASTM standards of U .S.A.The tissue around the alloys was taken at weeks 2 and 12,and the pathologi c changes were analysed.

为探讨新型支架材料Ni-Ti、317L合金在食管局部的致纤维化作用，按美国ASTM标准制备NiTi、317L合金的金属浸提液；&组织块培养法&原代培养食管壁疤痕的成纤维细胞，传代后以金属浸提液进行培养，分组后分别培养4、24、48、72 h，MTT法检测不同培养时间后Fb增殖功能的变化；按美国ASTM标准进行NiTi、317L合金试件的食管壁内包埋实验，即将金属试件经表面处理后直接置入食管壁粘膜层与肌层之间，术后2、12周取出包埋组织，分析试件周围组织的病理变化，并进行胶原纤维染色，观察纤维形成状况。

On the poet's choice, mainly be decided by two standards, one is the popularity and influences of works; two is the meaning of the creations development that it create for the whole colony. Owing to above two standards, the writer chooses seven writers to launch the treatise, they are Jidi Maja, Jimu Langge, Luwu Laqi, Ma Deqing, Aku Wuwu , Asu Yuer, Eni-Mushashijia. In discussing the process, the writer used the nationality and Poetics of the poem as the latent clues, emphasized to inquiry into three main roads and three main realms. On the article structure, the full text mainly is divided into two parts, one is the concrete imago analysis to each poet creations, two is upon the analytical foundation the integration of the theories, with this the treatise could be united into an organic whole. In regard to the conclusion, we educe the characteristics of the colony is deep consciousness to the nation culture, also extensive exploration and attention to poetics. The blemish is the inside emotion and sensibility is similar or duplicate and that the creation pattern is narrow. The main develop threads of the colony are upon the female clan culture the diverse poem skill investigation, its nation culture value tropism present the rising spiral type of return- leave- return again.

在研究方法上，本文以意象分析法为贯穿全文的主要方法，通过对意象的具体分析来****凉山诗群的诗歌世界；在诗人的选择上以其作品的影响力及意义为标准，选择了这一诗群的七位诗人展开论述，他们分别是吉狄马加、吉木狼格、倮伍拉且、马德清、阿库乌雾、阿苏越尔、俄尼·牧莎斯加；在论述过程上，笔者以诗歌的民族性和诗性作为前后贯穿的潜在线索，着重探讨了这一诗群创作的三个主要倾向和三个主要领域，前者详论，后者略述，具体表现在对前三位诗人的论述以诗人论的形式详细展开，探讨他们所代表的凉山诗群发展过程中的三个主要创作倾向，即民族文化的深层开掘、诗艺的实验性探索和艺术哲学的尝试性建构，对后四位诗人的论述则以主题的方式展开，探讨他们所代表的凉山诗群在爱情诗、乡土诗和文化诗三个领域的探索；在文章结构上，全文主要分为两大板块，一是对各位诗人创作的具体意象分析，二是在前文分析的基础上进行理论的整合，以此将前面散珠似的论述贯穿成一个有机整体；在结论上，我们通过整合得出：1、凉山诗人群新时期以来诗歌创作的大致发展脉络：在母族文化的基质之上的多元诗艺探索，其民族文化价值取向呈现为回归—离去—再回归的螺旋式上升形态；2、新时期彝族凉山诗人群汉语诗歌创作的特点，即民族文化意识的深层自觉，对诗性的关注和探索；3、新时期彝族凉山诗人群汉语诗歌创作的缺陷，即情感意蕴的雷同和创作格局的狭小。

Aiming at the general problems of function safety in chemical industry, the author introduces function safety assessment standards IEC61508 and IEC61511 established by IEC (International Electric Committee), describes their background, objectives, system structure, and how to use these standards to quantitatively analyze the safety and automatic mis-stop of Safety Instrumented System in petrochemical industry.

针对石化行业普遍存在的功能安全问题，笔者以国际电工学会专门制定的功能安全评定标准IEC61508及IEC61511为指导，介绍其标准制定的背景、目的、体系结构以及如何利用标准开展石化行业安全联锁系统(Safety Instrumented System， SIS)的安全与误跳车定量分析。

The output is measured by a voltmeter or detector, such as precision voltmeters, ac measurement standards, ac/dc transfer standards, or thermal voltage converters, fitting them to a wide variety of metrology applications.

输出电压的测量或检测器，如精密电压表，交流计量标准，交流/直流转换标准，或热电压转换器，适合他们的各种计量应用。

By taking into account the latest developments of earnings management of listed companies in China and beyond, this paper swifts its attention to the restrictive factors of earnings management, and takes the key factors that restrict earnings management-accounting standards as the point of entry, and, on the basis of building a theoretical framework for earnings management, elaborates on the relationship between the earnings management and accounting standards of listed companies in a systematic manner for the first time.

以制约盈余管理的关键因素——会计准则作为切入点，在构建盈余管理理论框架的基础上，首次系统论证了上市公司盈余管理与会计准则制定之间的关系问题。

Comprising 9 elements and a prism unit in 8 groups, including 1 ED lenses and 5 aspherical lenses with 6 aspherical surfaces, a difficult feat even by today's standards, this advanced lens unit passes Leica's stringent standards to deliver exceptional optical performance to the edges even adopting the folded optics.

包括9片和棱镜组8组，其中包括1 ED镜头镜头和5片非球面镜片6片非球面表面，一个困难的壮举即使按照今天的标准，这种先进的镜头组通行证徕卡的严格标准，以提供卓越的光学性能的边缘即使采用折叠光学。

"Professional standards test database to run Turbine Attendant (2nd Edition) Electric Power Engineering Steam Turbine Operation and Maintenance of professional" in accordance with the Ministry of Labor and Social Security to develop national occupational standards prepared at the request, and its mainly by professional profiles, job skills training, vocational skills certification and accreditation test database composed of four parts, namely, the technical level, work environment and occupational ability characteristics of a qualitative description: the training period, teachers, site equipment and training program outline the guiding provisions.

职业标准·试题库汽轮机运行值班员(第2版)电力工程汽轮机运行与检修专业》是按照劳动和社会保障部制定国家职业标准的要求编写的，其内容主要由职业概况、职业技能培训、职业技能鉴定和鉴定试题库四部分组成，分别对技术等级、工作环境和职业能力特征进行了定性描述：对培训期限、教师、场地设备及培训计划大纲进行了指导性规定。

Blizzard have a consistently proven history of upholding their reputation by setting extremely high standards for the games they release, and sticking to those high standards.

blz总是用很高的标准衡量他们即将发行的游戏，他们的标准一贯非常严格。

New regulations on the city-run kindergarten fee conservation education standards, according to the kindergarten level and different circumstances, proposed separately by the new government指导价:(1) day-care nurseries, conservation education per student per month fee for the specific criteria: the provincial level demonstration Park, 460 yuan, 400 yuan Park municipal model, high-quality park 300 yuan, 200 yuan Park standards, the general Park 160 yuan.

新规对全市公办幼儿园保育教育费标准，按幼儿园等级和不同情况分别提出新的政府指导价：(1)日托幼儿园，每生每月保育教育费的具体标准为：省级示范园460元、市级示范园400元、优质园300元、标准园200元、一般园160元。

International Labor Standards is the basic standards to protect the rights and interests of laborers by ILO.

国际劳工标准是国际劳工组织保护劳动者权益的基本标准。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。