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Bieti lost its habitat continuously in recently decades associated with the extension of rangelands and farmlands, as well as firewood collection etc. The monkey live mainly in primary fir forest and the mixed conifer forest, to evaluate the status of the monkeys' habitat, we employed GIS and RS software to identify the habitat types with five Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite imagery in winter of 1986, 1992, 1997, 2001 and 2006 years respectively. The work resulted in: 1 the size of summer grazing lands, farmlands, and fir forest was 13 100 hm2, 6 400 hm2, and 30 500 hm2 in 2006 respectively; 2 during the past 20 years (1986-2006), the size of fir forest (including primary fir forest and the mixed conifer forest) decreased by 14.6%(5 200 hm2), summer grazing lands and farmlands increased by 47.2%(4 200 hm2) and 14.3％(800 hm2) respectively; and 3, during the past 20 years, the number of firry forest patches increased by 68.4%, the mean size of firry forest patches decreased by 49.3%(from 15.1 to7.6 hm2), the largest patch index of firry forest decreased 54.9%; the patch richness had no change, but the Shannon's diversity index and the Shannon's evenness index increased by 2.7% respectively.

为了评估该物种的栖息地现状和变化情况，我们通过野外调查工作，应用GIS和RS技术，分别解译了1986年、1992年、1997年、2001年和2006年的Landsat TM/ETM+冬季卫星影像，并对解译结果进行了计算和分析，得到了以下西藏种群栖息地的主要结果：1）现有暗针叶林（包括原始针叶林和针阔混交林）面积是30 500 hm2，夏季牧场面积是13 100 hm2，农田面积是6 400 hm2；2）在过去20年间（1986-2006年），暗针叶林面积减少了14.6％（5 200 hm2），夏季牧场面积增加了47.2％（4 200 hm2），农田面积增加了14.3％（800 hm2）；3）在过去20年间，暗针叶林的斑块数量增加了68.4％，平均斑块面积下降了49.3％（从1986年的15.1 hm2下降到2006年的7.6 hm2），最大的斑块指数下降了54.9％；景观丰富度并没有变化，但Shannon多样性指数和Shannon均匀度指数分别增加了2.7％。

METHODS: A model of T cell activation and proliferation was established by stimulated the cells with Con A.T cells were treated with different concentrations of CPT. The expression of CD69, the early marker of CD3(superscript +) T cell activation, was measured by FACS. The proliferation index was determined by carboxyl fluorescin diacetate succinmidyl ester by flow cytometry. The cell-cycle distribution was analyzed by propidium iodide staining.

以ConA刺激小鼠T淋巴细胞，建立小鼠T淋巴细胞活化、增殖的模型，以不同浓度的CPT作用于该模型，流式细胞术检测T细胞早期活化标志CD69分子的表达；以活体染料羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸染色流式细胞术分析CPT在ConA刺激下小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖相关指数；以碘化丙啶染色流式细胞术分析细胞周期的分布情况。

Methods: A model to evaluate lymphocyte proliferation stimulated with a polyclonal activator, concanavalin A, was established by vital dye carboxyl fluorescin diacetate succinmidyl ester labeling technique. Effects of the different doses of anisomycin on the lymphocyte proliferation were estimated by flow cytometry and MTT methods. The propidium iodide labeling technique was applied to assay the effect of the different doses of anisomycin on changes of the lymphocyte cell-cycle stimulated by ConA or by phorbol ester plus Ionomycin. The percentage of the expression level of CD69 and CD25 on the activated lymphocytes was evaluated by fluorescin-conjugated monoclonal antibody double labeling technique.

以活体染料羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯染色，建立在多克隆刺激剂刀豆蛋白A刺激下评价小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的模型，通过流式细胞术和MTT法分析茴香霉素在不同剂量下对淋巴细胞增殖的作用；采用碘化丙锭染色分析茴香霉素对ConA或佛波醇酯加离子霉素刺激的小鼠淋巴细胞周期变化的作用；利用荧光标记的单克隆抗体双染技术和流式细胞术观察茴香霉素对小鼠CD3~+T细胞早期及中期活化标志分子CD69和CD25表达的影响。

Abstract］ Objective To Treating the nano-SiO2 particle by silicon coupling reagent, functionalize the SiO2 by making double bond on its surface. Polymerizing on the surface of nano-SiO2 surface by the method called emulsion polymerization, the nano-SiO2 is covered by polymer to get the PMMA-KH-570-nano-SiO2 complex material. Test the surface structure of the surface of nano-SiO2 by FTIR, and test sort of its mechanical performances.Comparing the treated nano-SiO2 which is directly dispended in the PMMA emulsion with the SiO2 without any treatment, we are trying to find an effective method which can not only increase the dispersion of SiO2, but also improve the mechanical performance of the artificial teeth.

目的 通过硅烷偶联剂KH-570处理SiO2纳米粒子，向其表面引入双键使其功能化，采用乳液聚合的方法在SiO2纳米粒子表面进行接枝聚合，实现高分子对SiO2纳米粒子的表面包覆处理，制得PMMA－KH-570－SiO2纳米复合材料，采用FTIR对SiO2纳米粒子表面结构进行了表征研究，并且测定了它的多种机械性能，与表面处理过的SiO2纳米粒子直接分散至PMMA乳液中制得的复合材料、未添加任何增强物质的空白组进行比较，探索一种能够提高SiO2在基体中的分散性，为义齿复合材料的研究和开发提供理论依据和参考。

Methods: animals were randomly classified into 5 groups: group a, gaster poured by physiological solution; group b, gaster poured by ethanol; group c, gaster poured by ethanol after hypophrenic vagectomy; group d, gaster poured by ethanol after big small splanchnicotomy; group e, gaster poured by ethanol after hypophrenic vagotomy and big small splanchnicotomy.the distribution of c fos positive neuron in central nervous system was displayed and immunohistochemical staining method was used.

取30只成年雄性wistar大鼠，随机分为5组，每组6只。a组：单纯生理盐水灌胃组；b组：单纯乙醇灌胃组；c组：膈下迷走神经切断乙醇灌胃组；d组：内脏大、小神经切断乙醇灌胃组；e组：膈下迷走神经和内脏大、小神经均切断乙醇灌胃组。运用免疫组化技术显示fos阳性神经元在大鼠中枢神经系统中的分布。

Methods: Animals were randomly classified into 5 groups: group A, gaster poured by physiological solution; group B, gaster poured by ethanol; group C, gaster poured by ethanol after hypophrenic vagectomy; group D, gaster poured by ethanol after big small splanchnicotomy; group E, gaster poured by ethanol after hypophrenic vagotomy and big small splanchnicotomy.

取30只成年雄性Wistar大鼠，随机分为5组，每组6只。A组：单纯生理盐水灌胃组；B组：单纯乙醇灌胃组；C组：膈下迷走神经切断乙醇灌胃组；D组：内脏大、小神经切断乙醇灌胃组；E组：膈下迷走神经和内脏大、小神经均切断乙醇灌胃组。

Drug sensitive test and three-dimensional test220 strains of Pa were isolated from hospitalized patients between 2003 and 2007. K-B method was used to tested the susceptibility of 10 different antibiotics. IRPa was screened by testing the minimal inhibitory concentration of imipemem by using agar diluiion method.The susceptibility of these IRPa to the antibiotics was analysised. Three-dimensional test was used to identify the different kinds of beta lactamases from 220 strains of Pa.2.Carbarpenems hydrolytic enzyme genes and oprD2 gene were detectedamong the selected IRPa strains, PCR method was performed to detect carbapenemase genes which included GES、KPC、SPM、VIM、IMP、GIM gene and the oprD2 gene;Multiplex PCR were used to detect OXA genes and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta lactamase genes; The expression of the chromosomal AmpC beta lactamases and oprD2 genes in IRPa strains were analyzed by Real-time PCR.3.Identification and characterization of integronsIntegrase gene was detected by PCR, and the classification of integrons was performed by using restriction fragment length polymorphism.PCR was performed to detect the qacE△1-sull gene,and the gene cassetes which are located at variable region of integrons in the strains were detected to be positive.

方法1、药敏实验和三维实验收集2003～2007年临床分离的220株Pa，对这些菌株采用K-B法测定10种临床常用抗生素的药敏情况，同时采用琼脂稀释法检测亚胺培南的最低抑菌浓度(Minimal inhibitory concentration，MIC)，筛选出对亚胺培南耐药的铜绿假单胞菌，并分析其对其它抗生素的药物敏感率；采用三维实验的方法分析220株Pa产β内酰胺酶的类型。2、碳青霉烯类水解酶和oprD2蛋白的检测针对鉴定的IRPa菌株，采用普通PCR方法检测具有碳青霉烯水解作用的β内酰胺酶耐药基因(GES、KPC、SPM、VIM、IMP、GIM基因)和oprD2基因，采用多重PCR的方法检测OXA型基因和质粒携带的AmpC酶基因，用荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测oprD2蛋白基因表达情况；同时对产AmpC酶的Pa(25株，含IMP耐药和敏感株)用RT-PCR方法检测AmpC酶基因的表达量情况。3。

METHODS AK was purified by DEAE ion-exchange cellulose(DEAE-52) and sepharose Cl-4B .The component of the saccharide was determined by GC and TLC.Its MW was measure d by gel filtration.The form of glucosidic bond was detrermined by IR.The conten t of the saccharide was measured by colorimetry.

采用DEAE纤维素(DEAE-52)柱层析和凝胶柱层析分离纯化草乌多糖，气相色谱法和薄层层析法测定其多糖组成，凝胶过滤法测定其相对分子质量，红外光谱测定其苷键类型，比色法测定其糖含量。

In this study, different nano-hydroxyapatite particles,HAP_1(25-60nm), HAP_4(the additives is heparin, 15-50nm), HAP_5(the additives is bovine serum albumin BSA, 20-80nm) were prepared by homogeneous precipitation and used heavy-gauge hydroxyapatite as comparison,we determined amount of heparin, sialic acid ,BSA adsorbed on HAP_1,HAP_2,HAP_3 by Crystal Violet assay, Bialsche method,Bradford method respectively and analyzed the binding mechanism by infrared spectrum;After taking HAP_1,HAP_2,HAP_4,HAP_5 and RBC to co-culture in vitro,we studied RBC hemolysis test and detected RBC hematolysis rate by erythrocyte osmotic fragility test;observing the changes of morphous and locomotion of cell after coacting HAP_1,HAP_2,HAP_4,HAP_5 and RBC by light microscope and inverted phase contrast microscope;observing HAP_1,HAP_2,HAP_4,HAP_5 effecting on Ultrastructure of RBC.

本文用均匀沉淀法制备了HAP_1(25-60nm)，HAP_4(添加剂肝素，15-50nm)，HAP_5(添加剂牛血清白蛋白BSA，20-80nm)等纳米粒子，并用大尺寸的羟基磷灰石HAP_2(470-520nm)，HAP_3(1906nm)作对照，分别利用结晶紫法、Bialsche法、Bradford法研究了肝素、唾液酸、血清白蛋白在HAP_1，HAP_2，HAP_3上的吸附量，用红外光谱分析其中的结合机理；在体外将HAP_1，HAP_2，HAP4_，HAP_5与红细胞共培养，进行了红细胞溶血试验的研究，并借助红细胞渗透脆性试验检测红细胞溶血率；运用普通光学显微镜和倒置相差显微镜观察了HAP_1，HAP_2，HAP_4，HAP_5与红细胞作用后细胞形态及运动的变化：透射电镜观察了HAP_1，HAP_2，HAP_4，HAP_5对红细胞超微结构的影响。

The PSCA_3 fragment was selected for its superior expression level in eukaryotic cells.Then the sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI genetic fragment was cloned into pVAX1-neo-IRES-GM/B7 vector to construct the final immunological inhanced DNA vaccine pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to confirm the expression of PSCA_3 fragment by transfected into Cos7 cell.Finally,the anti-tumor effect of pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB was tested in murine prostate cancer model generated by RM-1 cell line.The animal was immunized with pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB DNA vaccine by intramuscular injection plus electroporation,pVAX1 and pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB plasmid were used as control.The inhibitory effect of tumor was investigated by observion of forming time,volume and inhibition ratio of tumor.Results:DNA sequencing conformed that the heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragment which was synchronized by overlapping-extending-PCR,was consistent to design.Enzyme digestion analysis showed that the 1 to 4 copies heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragments were constructed successfully.

方法(1)检索GenBank，选择包含人主要T细胞抗原表位序列的人PSCA基因片段，应用异种化抗原设计技术，保留人T细胞抗原表位，设计异种化PSCA融合抗原片段；(2)根据核酸序列按中心模板法设计引物，应用重叠延伸PCR技术拼接合成异种化PSCA融合抗原片段基因，以PCR、限制性酶切和DNA序列测定法进行鉴定：(3)利用DNA限制性内切酶BssHⅡ和MluⅠ酶切后粘端互补的特点，采用同尾酶法构建1—4拷贝异种化PSCA融合抗原片段(PNCA_1-PSCA_4)，并将上述片段分别插入真核表达载体pCI-neo-Fc-GPI中，转染293T细胞，借助免疫荧光+流式细胞术考察插入片段表达效率，最终选定PSCA_3片段进行下一步研究；(4)将sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI基因片段自pCI-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI质粒上切下，插入pVAX1-neo-IRES—GM/B7载体中，构建免疫增效DNA疫苗pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，并应用转染Cos7细胞+免疫荧光/流式细胞术方法鉴定其在真核细胞中的表达情况；(5)给8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠皮下种植RM-1细胞，制备小鼠前列腺癌模型，并采用股四头肌肌肉注射+电脉冲法(Electroporation，EP)接种DNA疫苗质粒pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，同时接种pVAX1空载体质粒和pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB质粒作为对照，通过观察计算免疫动物的成瘤时间、肿瘤体积和抑瘤率，来评价该DNA疫苗在小鼠体内的抑瘤效果。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。