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The main job and contribution of this paper are as follows:Based on narrowband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, compute the cross-correlation function of FH signals from multichannels, then we get the cross power spectral density matrixCSDM Secondly, select the hops of FH signals from the CSDM via processing and analyzing the CSDM, meanwhile reduce the influence coming from noise, fixed frequency signal and other interferences; Lastly, estimating the DOA of every hop and according to the DOA, we can separate the hops, get the number of FH signals and their parameters. Propose a new method for designing the threshold in FH signal detection. This method makes it easy to get the threshold by theoretic computing and it can extremely reduce the interference of non-FH signals.Based on broadband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, get the DOA of the signals by wideband spatial spectrum estimation; secondly, separate the signals by spatial filtering using wideband beamformer; Lastly, we propose two methods for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation, one is for several constant hop-rate FH signals whose dwell-time are different and another is for a single FH signal whose hop-rate is alterable.By employing spatial interpolation in broadband signal beamforming, it can reduce the number of antenna elements and corresponding RF modules, A/D converters, etc. It can also eliminate the mutual coupling between antenna elements while getting the narrower main beamwidth and lower sidelobe level.

本文的主要研究工作和贡献如下：●提出了一种基于窄带处理的FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先求出多路信号之间的互相关，进而得到互功率谱密度矩阵，然后通过对CSDM进行对折处理来抑制噪声、定频信号及其他干扰的影响，并将所有属于FH信号的hop(每一跳的驻留时间在时频图上持续的线段)从CSDM中筛选出来，最后用阵列信号处理中的到达方向估计理论在频域中估计出各个hop的方向参数，利用方位信息完成FH信号分离并得到FH信号的数目及其各自的参数集；●提出了一种确定FH信号检测门限的策略，该策略不仅使得检测门限能够通过理论计算得到，而且还显著地抑制了非跳频信号的干扰，从而能有效地检测出FH信号；●提出了一种基于宽带处理的短波FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先利用宽带空间谱测向技术得到接收信号的DOA，然后采用宽带波束形成技术对特定方向进行空间滤波，实现多个信号的分离，最后分别提出了两种FH信号的盲检测和参数盲估计方法，第一种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上存在着几个驻留时间不同的恒跳速FH信号和其他干扰信号的混合信号，第二种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上仅含一个可变跳速的FH信号和噪声的混合信号；●将空间插值的概念和宽带波束形成技术结合起来，提出了一种基于频域处理的宽带恒定束宽的波束形成方法。

Under the condition of the borehole and sandstone formation filling with oil and water, respectively, the ability is different when different energy windows are selected to distinguish formation by simulating the detector response spectrum of various diameters and length of NaI and BGO crystal. The C/O value difference of BGO crystal is higher than that of NaI crystal when the energy window includes photoelectric peak, the first and the second escape peaks, but it is less affected by the different sizes of detector crystal. Using photoelectric peak corresponding to the energy window, the C/O value difference of BGO crystal detector is much larger than that of NaI, but it increases with the crystal size increasing. The C/O value is greatly affected by energy drifting, while relatively a little by energy resolution.

对于井眼和地层流体分别为油和水砂岩地层，模拟改变NaI和BGO晶体探测器的直径和长度时的非弹性散射γ射线响应能谱，采用不同能窗处理方法对地层流体的分辨能力不同，选取光电峰和第一、第二逃逸峰对应的能量窗时，BGO晶体探测器比NaI晶体探测器测量的C/O差值大，但受尺寸的影响不大；采用光电峰对应的能量窗时，BGO晶体探测器测量的C/O差值比NaI的大得多，且随尺寸的增加差值增大；能量道的漂移对C/O值影响较大，而能量分辨率对差值影响相对较小。

Detailed studies are made as follows: Searching the key internal factors which can affects slope stability. According to the geological data which was gained by exploration investigation, establishing a geological model which can reflect rock mass characteristics;With analyzing the internal and exterior factors synthetically, the deformation and possible failure mechanism and mode of the cut slopes was confirmed which combines with stereoic projection and other techniques;The stabilities of the 14 high slopes are estimated synthetically by applicable design codes and guidelines. With the estimate result and some other analysis methods, the rock mass mechanical parameters of slope are identified;As a results, 14 high slopes fall into 4 categories based on rockmass characteristics and discontinuities. The stability and deformation of some typical slopes was analyzed with distinct element method by UDEC;The safety factor of some dangerous slopes are calculated by rigid limiting equilibrium method for coMParison.

首先着重研究影响边坡稳定性的内在因素，主要是通过地质勘探、测量、现场观测等手段取得研究区地质体的基础地质资料，建立起能够反映地质体结构特征的地质模型；随后综合分析潜在的内外部影响因素，并结合赤平投影对边坡可能的失稳模式或破坏机制作出判断；运用已有岩体质量分类方法对沿线14个高陡边坡稳定性进行初步的评价，并结合试验研究、经验判断、工程类比等手段确定了坡体的岩体力学参数；根据稳定性初步评价结果将研究区14个高陡边坡按开挖方式分为4大类，并利用离散元程序UDEC对各类典型高陡边坡进行了稳定性计算分析；对潜在危险边坡利用刚体极限平衡法求出了不同工况下的安全系数。

Day, he one when hunting in the forest,he caughtsight of artemis'' fair maidens,the seven pleiades .hewas so attracted by their beauty that he started chasing them.indespair the charming maidens prayed to artemis for help and were sent up by the goddess to the heavens as a constellation .later he fell in love with another maiden,merope by name,butrash and impatient,he took the maiden by force and enraged her father,king oenopion of chios.the king made him drunk and put out his eyes .following the sound of the cyclopes'' hammer,he went to hephaestus,who sent a guide to travel with him to the east,where the sun rose.exposing his eyeballs to the rays of the sun,he was restored to his eyesight.he became aconstant companion of artemis and followed the goddess in the chase with his dog sirius.apollo did not approve of this love, however.one day he dared his sister to shoot at a dark spot moving in the sea.little did she suspect that she was aiming herarrow at orion,for the dark spot turned out to be the head of orion swimming in the ocean.artemis was extremely sad.as she could not pull him back from the grasp of death she sent him up to the sky as a constellation,with his hunting dog sirius be sidehim.

他是海神波塞冬漂亮的儿子。一天，他在森林中打猎，看到了阿尔特弥斯的仙女们——七颗明星。他如此爱慕她们的美丽，便追赶她们。困境中，美貌的仙女们向阿尔特弥斯求救。结果女神将她们都送入天空充当星座。后来奥利安爱上了另一少女墨洛珀。他鲁莽急躁地施暴于她。这激怒了少女的父亲俄诺皮耳国王。国王把他灌醉后，挖出了他的眼睛。随着"独眼巨人"大锤的敲响，他来到火神赫斐斯托斯跟前。火神派向导带他去太阳升起的东方。将眼球暴露于阳光后，他就恢复了视力，成了女神阿尔特弥斯永久的伴侣，并带着他的猎狗天狼跟随女神打猎。阿波罗并不赞成他们之间这种恋情。一天，阿波罗怂恿阿尔特弥斯向海中一移动的黑点射箭。她根本没想到自己是将箭瞄准奥利安。当看清黑点竟是在游泳的恋人奥利安的头时，阿尔特弥斯悲痛万分。因她无力使他起死回生，只好将他送入天空作一星座。他的猎狗天狼则蹲在他的身旁。

Orion orion was a giant hunter.he was the beautiful son of poseidon.one day ,when hunting in the forest,he caughtsight of artemis'' fair maidens, the seven pleiades .hewas so attracted by their beauty that he started chasing them.indespair the charming maidens prayed to artemis for help and were sent up by the goddess to the heavens as a constellation .later he fell in love with another maiden ,merope by name,butrash and impatient, he took the maiden by force and enraged her father,king oenopion of chios.the king made him drunk and put out his eyes .following the sound of the cyclopes'' hammer,he went to hephaestus ,who sent a guide to travel with him to the east,where the sun rose.exposing his eyeballs to the rays of the sun ,he was restored to his eyesight.he became aconstant companion of artemis and followed the goddess in the chase with his dog sirius.apollo did not approve of this love,however.one day he dared his sister to shoot at a dark spot moving in the sea.little did she suspect that she was aiming herarrow at orion ,for the dark spot turned out to be the head of orion swimming in the ocean.artemis was extremely sad.as she could not pull him back from the grasp of death she sent him up to the sky as a constellation, with his hunting dog sirius be sidehim.

奥利安奥利安是位身材高大的猎手。他是海神波塞冬漂亮的儿子。一天，他在森林中打猎，看到了阿尔特弥斯的仙女们——七颗明星。他如此爱慕她们的美丽，便追赶她们。困境中，美貌的仙女们向阿尔特弥斯求救。结果女神将她们都送入天空充当星座。后来奥利安爱上了另一少女墨洛珀。他鲁莽急躁地施暴于她。这激怒了少女的父亲俄诺皮耳国王。国王把他灌醉后，挖出了他的眼睛。随着"独眼巨人"大锤的敲响，他来到火神赫斐斯托斯跟前。火神派向导带他去太阳升起的东方。将眼球暴露于阳光后，他就恢复了视力，成了女神阿尔特弥斯永久的伴侣，并带着他的猎狗天狼跟随女神打猎。阿波罗并不赞成他们之间这种恋情。一天，阿波罗怂恿阿尔特弥斯向海中一移动的黑点射箭。她根本没想到自己是将箭瞄准奥利安。当看清黑点竟是在游泳的恋人奥利安的头时，阿尔特弥斯悲痛万分。因她无力使他起死回生，只好将他送入天空作一星座。他的猎狗天狼则蹲在他的身旁。

Orion was a giant hunter.he was the beautiful son of poseidon.one day,when hunting in the forest,he caughtsight of artemis'' fair maidens,the seven pleiades .hewas so attracted by their beauty that he started chasing them.indespair the charming maidens prayed to artemis for help and were sent up by the goddess to the heavens as a constellation .later he fell in love with another maiden,merope by name,butrash and impatient,he took the maiden by force and enraged her father,king oenopion of chios.the king made him drunk and put out his eyes .following the sound of the cyclopes'' hammer,he went to hephaestus,who sent a guide to travel with him to the east,where the sun rose.exposing his eyeballs to the rays of the sun,he was restored to his eyesight.he became aconstant companion of artemis and followed the goddess in the chase with his dog sirius.apollo did not approve of this love,however.one day he dared his sister to shoot at a dark spot moving in the sea.little did she suspect that she was aiming herarrow at orion,for the dark spot turned out to be the head of orion swimming in the ocean.artemis was extremely sad.as she could not pull him back from the grasp of death she sent him up to the sky as a constellation,with his hunting dog sirius be sidehim.

奥利安是位身材高大的猎手。他是海神波塞冬漂亮的儿子。一天，他在森林中打猎，看到了阿尔特弥斯的仙女们——七颗明星。他如此爱慕她们的美丽，便追赶她们。困境中，美貌的仙女们向阿尔特弥斯求救。结果女神将她们都送入天空充当星座。后来奥利安爱上了另一少女墨洛珀。他鲁莽急躁地施暴于她。这激怒了少女的父亲俄诺皮耳国王。国王把他灌醉后，挖出了他的眼睛。随着"独眼巨人"大锤的敲响，他来到火神赫斐斯托斯跟前。火神派向导带他去太阳升起的东方。将眼球暴露于阳光后，他就恢复了视力，成了女神阿尔特弥斯永久的伴侣，并带着他的猎狗天狼跟随女神打猎。阿波罗并不赞成他们之间这种恋情。一天，阿波罗怂恿阿尔特弥斯向海中一移动的黑点射箭。她根本没想到自己是将箭瞄准奥利安。当看清黑点竟是在游泳的恋人奥利安的头时，阿尔特弥斯悲痛万分。因她无力使他起死回生，只好将他送入天空作一星座。他的猎狗天狼则蹲在他的身旁。

In this thesis, we implement a computational procedure to categorize and classify 3-D objects from their contour under a simple environment. First, we use foreground detection, Canny edge detection and speedy GVF snake to obtain the object's contour. The contour is then used to establish the object's features. Two databases are built using methods which compute similarity by modified aspect-combination algorithm proposed by Cyr and Kimia and new proposed aspect-combination algorithm. By using these two databases, we recognize 3-D objects using four recognition methods and compare their performance. Finally, a conclusion is made that our newly proposed algorithm is better than the modified algorithm proposed by Cyr and Kimia.

在本论文中，对一个在单纯环境下的三维物体，由撷取到辨识出此物体做了一个完整的实现，首先，利用前景侦测结合肯尼边缘侦测法和加速的梯度向量流动态轮廓侦测法，来得到物体轮廓，接著利用此轮廓找寻出物体的特徵，然后配合计算相似度的方法，代入修改后的Cyr and Kimia的外观结合演算法（aspect-combination algorithm）和新提出的外观结合演算法去建资料库，然后，对於三维物体则依据两种不同方法所建出的资料库，利用四种辨识的方法来辨识并比较其结果，最后得出新提出的外观结合演算法是优於修改后的Cyr and Kimia的外观结合演算法的结论。

Article 13Where a debt restructuring is made by a combination of the liquidation of a debt by assets, the liquidation of a debt by non-cash asset, the conversion of a debt into capital and the modification of other terms of a debt, the creditor shall offset, one by one, the cash received, the fair value of the non-cash asset received, and the fair value of the shares to which the creditor becomes entitled, against the book balance of the debt to be restructured, then handle it in accordance with Article 12 of these Standards.

第十三条债务重组采用以现金清偿债务、非现金资产清偿债务、债务转为资本、修改其他债务条件等方式的组合进行的，债权人应当依次以收到的现金、接受的非现金资产公允价值、债权人享有股份的公允价值冲减重组债权的账面余额，再按照本准则第十二条的规定处理。

Article 8Where a debt restructuring is made by a combination of the liquidation of a debt by assets, the liquidation of a debt by non-cash asset, the conversion of a debt into capital, and the modification of other terms of a debt, the debtor shall offset, one by one, the cash paid, the fair value of the non-cash asset transferred, and the fair value of the shares to which the creditor becomes entitled, against the book value of the debt to be restructured, then handle it in accordance with Article 7 of these Standards.

第八条债务重组以现金清偿债务、非现金资产清偿债务、债务转为资本、修改其他债务条件等方式的组合进行的，债务人应当依次以支付的现金、转让的非现金资产公允价值、债权人享有股份的公允价值冲减重组债务的账面价值，再按照本准则第七条的规定处理。

The dimensions of the DDG-1000's seven-level deckhouse are approximately 160 ft long by 70 ft wide by 65 ft high (48.8m by 21.3m by 19.8m).

DDG-1000七层舱面船室的规格大约为：长160英尺（48.8米），宽70英尺（21.3米），高65英尺（19.8米）。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。