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Crude solution of chitosanase is obtained by fungal fermented filtrates firstly, and then through affinity adsorption by cross - linked chitosan resin, with no protein flowing by suffer, and then through eluting by 1-5per mill Cu2 . After that, eluent is dialysed and concentrated and then separated by gel filtration chromatography.

将产壳聚糖酶真菌发酵液离心得粗酶液，经交联壳聚糖树脂亲和吸附，用缓冲液洗至无蛋白流出，再以1-5‰的Cu 2 洗脱，洗脱液透析浓缩后用凝胶过滤层析进行分离，获得电泳纯的壳聚糖酶。

The technology of separation and purification of the interesting protein was studied, centrifuge the sample and get the clear supernatant, remove protein by 50％ ethanol, concentrate by drying with freezing way, remove salt and pigment by dialysing, separation with G-50 and CM-cellulose52 column, concentrate by PEG6000, The purified sample was a single band after separation by SDS-PAGE.

研究了目的阿片肽的分离纯化工艺。发酵混合物经过离心取上清，乙醇沉淀去蛋白，冷冻干燥浓缩，透析除盐脱色，聚乙二醇6000反渗透浓缩，G-50柱分离，CM-cellulose52阳离子交换层析，聚乙二醇6000浓缩等步骤后得到了较纯的目的产物，目的产物在SDS-PAGE上呈现单一条带。

By employing the Jordan-Wigner transformation and a modified mean field method, we are able to determine its ground-state quantum phase diagram approximately. The chapter IV is the main part of this Thesis. It contains the main innovations in our work. We propose and study in detail a S=1 Ising chain with the interplay of single-ion anisotropy and dimerization. The main results and innovations are the following: We show that the total number of the zero-component of spins at each site is a conserved quantity. This quantity, which may intuitively called as hole's quantum number, is hidden in the system. We show further that the hole's number in the ground-state is zero; By using the Jordan-Wigner transformation, we map this model onto a series of subsystems described by the spin 1/2 dimerized transverse Ising model. We solve the subsystems exactly, by presenting the exact wave functions and spectra;We show that this system exhibits a series of quantum phase transitions by varying the dimerization strength. We determine the quantum critical points exactly. We also show that the criticality is the same as that of the uniform S = 1/2 transverse Ising chain.

第四章是本文的重点及主要创新内容，我们具体研究了自旋为1的在横向单离子晶格场中的一维二聚化Ising链，我们得到的主要结果和创新之处是：(1)证明了这一模型具有一种隐藏的对称性，即自旋第三分量为零的格点数目是一个守恒量，并证明基态出现在空穴数目为零的子空间中；(2)利用Jordan-Wigner 变换将此模型变换到一系列自旋为1/2的横磁场中的二聚化Ising 模型，并给出了相应严格的波函数及能谱；(3)我们发现系统的基态随着二聚化强度的变化将呈现出一系列量子相变，我们得到了量子临界点的精确位置，并证明其临界性质与自旋为1/2的横磁场中的均匀Ising 链中的临界行为属于同一普适类。

They extended the idea ofBel Design that was emerging from Milan as applied by Marcello Nizzoli to Olivettis Typewriters, by Piaggio to the Vespa motor scooter and by Fiat to the 500 small car to include larger products.Sports cars such as the Giulietta Spider by Pininfarina or the Giulietta Sprint coupe by Bertone were perfect sculptures with harmonious proportions that are still admired in succeeding years the marque was highly successful on the international market with such models as the Spider Duetto and the Giulia Berlina ,both of which today enjoy cult status.

他们的想法延长设计，这是摆脱米兰，而适用的里皮尼佐利到奥利维蒂的打字机，由比亚乔的威斯帕小型摩托车和菲亚特公司的500名小汽车，包括大车如茱莉艾塔蜘蛛由宾尼法利纳或茱莉艾塔斯普林特跑车的贝尔托了完美的雕塑与和谐比例仍然在后来的几年钦佩的品牌高度成功地在国际市场上的这种型号的蜘蛛和朱，两者今天享有的地位。

The present paper developed a new method in which extract analytes from seafood product s by DI water followed by precipitating proteins from extraction by trifluoroacetic acid and analyse polyphosphates in pre- pared extraction by suppressed conductivity ion chromatography whose gradient eluents were obtained by Eluent Generator.

本文建立了一种采用去离子水提取，三氟乙酸作为蛋白沉淀剂对海产品样品进行前处理，采用淋洗液自动发生装置在残产生 KOH 进行梯度淋洗，抑制型电导离子色谱法，检测海产品样品中多聚磷酸盐的方法。

The present paper developed a new method in which extract analytes from seafood product s by DI water followed by precipitating proteins from extraction by trifluomacetic acid and analyse polyphosphates in pre- pared extraction by suppressed conductivity ion chromatography whose gradient eluents were obtained by Eluent Generator.

本文建立了一种采用去离子水提取，三氟乙酸作为蛋白沉淀剂对海产品样品进行前处理，采用淋洗液自动发生装置在线产生KOH进行梯度淋洗，抑制型电导离子色谱法，检测海产品样品中多聚磷酸盐的方法。

RESULTS:(1) ET-1 could increase total protein production, surface area, ERKs activity and ［Ca2+］i in cultured cardiomyocyte in dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 10-9 to 10-7 mol/L. And this effect could be abolished by BQ123, an antagonist of ETA receptor, partly inhibited by PTX, but not by BQ788, an antagonist of ETB receptor.（2）The activation of ERKs and the increase of ［Ca2+］i induced by ET-1 were obviously inhibited by PD98059, a selective ERKs kinase inhibitor, and nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, respectively. Both antagonists partially inhibited ET-1-stimulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response.(3) Staurosporine, a selective PKC inhibitor, could inhibit ET-1-stimulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response and increase of ［Ca2+］i, but not affect the activation of ERKs.

结果： ①ET-1浓度依赖性增加新生大鼠心肌细胞蛋白质含量和心肌细胞表面积、ERKs活性及［Ca2+］i浓度，以上作用可被ETA受体拮抗剂BQ123所完全抑制，被百日咳毒素部分抑制，而ETB受体拮抗剂BQ788则无效；②ERKs激酶特异性抑制剂PD98059可完全抑制ET-1激活ERKs的作用，钙通道拮抗剂硝苯地平可明显抑制ET-1介导的［Ca2+］i浓度增加，但二者皆仅部分抑制ET-1介导的心肌细胞肥大反应；③蛋白激酶C选择性抑制剂staurosporine并不能明显抑制ET-1介导的ERKs激活，但可抑制ET-1介导的的［Ca2+］i浓度增加及心肌细胞肥大反应。

The results of study showed that there were many interference signals in discharge detection signal for the DC feeder cable, which determined by the special electric wiring of the cable. The results of laboratory simulation and field measurement showed that the main interferences involved discharge pulse generated by other equipments of the traction substation, white noise, rectifying pulse generated by the rectifying equipments, current pulse generated by the braking of the locomotive,stochastic pulse signal, and narrow-band signal generated by electric equipment.

研究结果表明直流馈出电缆的电气接线以及负荷特点决定了其放电监测中存在大量的干扰信号，干扰信号包括白噪声、交流侧放电脉冲、直流侧其它设备的放电脉冲、整流装置产生的整流脉冲、机车启动制动产生的电流脉冲、随机性干扰脉冲以及其它电子设备产生的周期性窄带信号。

Make a copyof rat pulmonary fibrosis by infusing bleomycin through trachea , isolate and the pulmonary fibroblast, then interfered by atorvastatin ,divided into 3 groups of vacant ,TGF-β1 induced and atorvastatin interceped of different dosage , observe the structure of the cell by fiberscope ,the multiplication of the cell by MTT counting method, the expression of theα-SMA by immunity tissue chemistry staining method .

气管内注入博莱霉素（bleomycin，BLM）复制大鼠肺纤维化模型，并分离培养肺成纤维细胞，用阿托伐他汀对其进行干预，分为空白组、TGF-β1诱导组和不同剂量阿托伐他汀阻断组，用倒置纤维镜观察细胞的形态结构，MTT计数法观察各组细胞的增殖情况，免疫组化染色法定性观察α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscleactin ，α-SMA)的表达情况。

According to the modern information theory, though the preceding times can exercise impact on the future, the future can not influence the gone-by times reversely. But, what did the gone-by times look like and what did the expression given by the gone-by times mean? The questions should be answered by the later ages and accordingly, later generations obtain a dominant status.

而现代信息论的观点认为，前代固然可以对后来发生影响而不能后来逆向地影响前代，但是前代是什么样子，前代的表达体现的什么含义，这些完全需要后代加以阐述，由此后来者也获得了主导地位。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。