查询词典 by-road

A tunneling machine for producing large tunnels in soft rock or wet, clayey, unconsolidated or bouldery earth by simultaneously detaching the tunnel core by thermal melting a boundary kerf into the tunnel face and forming a supporting excavation wall liner by deflecting the molten materials against the excavation walls to provide, when solidified, a continuous wall supporting liner, and detaching the tunnel face circumscribed by the kerf with powered mechanical earth detachment means and in which the heat required for melting the kerf and liner material is provided by a compact nuclear reactor.

&…一个在软岩石，或湿的、粘土状的、疏松的，或巨砾泥土中挖掘隧道的隧洞掘进机，用先进的以上升暖气流进行隧道核心分离，将边界切口熔入隧道面，同时通过使偏倚在隧道壁上的熔融物料在凝固时提供一个连续墙来支持衬垫，形成一个支持挖掘的墙壁；破碎在切口周围划了界限的隧道核心-用有动力的机械土地分离的方法，在隧道核心中，需要如此操作的热力以及衬垫物料由一个小型的核反应堆提供……&

The effect of zeolites ion-exchanged by transition metals on thermal catalytic cracking reaction is studied. The product distributions of the cracking reactions catalyzed by theβor ZSM-5 zeolites exchanged with transition metals are different from that catalyzed by corresponding Hzeolites, which means the mechanism of cracking reactions has varied. Group Ⅷ metals Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, Zn are shown to be of strong catalytic activity of oxidative dehydrogenation, while Ti and Cr are not of oxidative activity. Catalyzed by zeolites or catalyst containing Ag, conversion of thermal catalytic cracking reactions and the yield of ethylene increase while the yield of propylene does not decrease. Silver can not only promote the formation of carbonium ion, but also convert carbonium ion into free-radical via redox reaction. The weak adsorption of olefins on silver reduces the occurrence of hydrogen transfer and dehydrogenation. As a result, the yield of light olefins is favored by silver in the catalyst.

采用过渡金属交换的分子筛作为催化剂，进行催化热裂解制取乙烯的反应，研究发现，在β沸石分子筛和ZSM-5分子筛中引入过渡金属后，催化热裂解反应的产物分布与相应的氢型分子筛相比有了较大的变化，说明过渡金属的加入对于催化热裂解反应的机理具有影响，Ⅷ族金属如Fe、Co、Ni和第Ⅰ、Ⅱ副族Cu、Zn表现出较强的氧化脱氢活性，产物中氢气、焦炭的产率很高，Ti、Cr则未表现出氧化作用：分子筛及催化剂中引入银后，催化热裂解反应的转化率和乙烯的产率有了提高，丙烯产率没有很大的变化，说明银在催化热裂解反应中能够促进正碳离子的生成，又有可能通过氧化-还原作用部分改变反应机理，促进了自由基的生成，并且由于银对烯烃的吸附很弱，其氢转移反应和脱氢、加氢活性比较低，有利于烯烃产率的提高。

Altogether there are seven chapters in this article. Chapter one starts with the historical background caused by the occurrence of the concept of sexual harassing and analyzes the reasons of sexual discrimination which is brought forward by Catharine A Mackinnon when defining the concept of sexual discrimination. Meanwhile, she analyzes the employers' responsibilitiy which appears to be another feature , has a brief presentation on the gradually widened connotation and denotation extension of the American law and a step- by- step-built anti-sexual harassing law system that is learned from by most of the countries. This chapter helps us to have a general understanding of the overseas anti-sexual harassing law system represented by America. Chapter two is about the analysis of the phenomenon of the Chinese sexual harassing. Before the first sexual harassing case appeared in 2001, it doesn't belong to the concept of law.

第一章从性骚扰概念产生的历史背景入手，分析了麦金侬提出性骚扰概念时将性骚扰定性为性别歧视的原因，对性骚扰概念另一特色雇主责任进行了分析，并简述了美国法律通过不断扩大性骚扰概念的内涵和外延，逐步建立起一套符合本国国情并为世界大多数国家所仿效的反性骚扰法律体系，该章使我们对以美国为代表的国外反性骚扰法律体系有一个全面的了解。

ABSTRACT Inhibition mechanism and the relations between inhibition efficiency and molecular structure of inhibition of carbon steel in chlorhydric acid by benzene nitriles whose inhibition is caused by chemical adsorption and quaternary ammonium salts whose inhibition is caused by physical adsorption are mainly studied from microscope through quantum chemistry calculation, and the relations between inhibition efficiency and molecular structure of inhibition of carbon steel in chlorhydric acid by benzene nitriles are studied by making use of model-constructing thought of grey theory in this paper.

本文主要通过量子化学计算，从微观角度研究了化学吸附型缓蚀剂苯腈类化合物和物理吸附型缓蚀剂季铵盐在盐酸溶液中对碳钢缓蚀的缓蚀机理和缓蚀性能与分子结构的关系；并运用灰色理论建模思想，研究了苯腈类化合物在盐酸溶液中对碳钢缓蚀的缓蚀性能与分子结构的关系。其中，通过量子化学计算，从微观角度研究物理吸附型缓蚀剂在盐酸溶液中对碳钢缓蚀的缓蚀机理和缓蚀性能与分子结构的关系，是在尝试着进行；而运用灰色理论建模思想，研究缓蚀剂缓蚀性能与分子结构的关系，是一项具有尝试性和开拓性的工作。

As the DDP group A549DDP cells were treated with IC10 of cisplatin for 48 hours. As the DDP＋Rh2 group A549DDP cells were treated with IC10 of cisplatin and IC5 of gensenoside Rh2 for 48 hours. As the controlling group A549DDP cells were not treated with any kinds of drugs. Changes in cellular morphology were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Peak value apoptosis of A549DDP cells were inspected by flow cytometry. State of PTP was evaluated by ultraviolate spectrofluorometer. Changs of calcium in cells and membrane potential of mitochondrion were determined by flow cytometry. Release of cyt-c from mitochondrion with westton blot Radiative activity of〓Tc-MIBI ingested by cells was measured withγcounter. Results: IC50 of cisplatine to A549 cells was 24uM.

以无毒浓度的Rh2单独作用于A549DDP细胞作为Rh2组，以低效浓度的顺铂单独作用于A549DDP细胞作为DDP组，以无毒浓度的Rh2和低效浓度的顺铂联合作用于A549DDP细胞作为Rh2+DDP组，作用时间为48小时，以不加药物干预作为对照组，Hoechst33258染色荧光显微镜下观察细胞形态的变化，流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡峰；紫外光分光光度计检测线粒体PTP开放情况，流式细胞仪检测细胞内钙离子浓度及线粒体跨膜电位的变化，Westton blot检测线粒体内细胞色素C释放情况及Caspase-3的活性，γ计数仪检测细胞摄取〓Tc-MIBI放射性活性。

The fundamental imaging features of osteosarcoma were showed bone destruction, periosteal reaction, neoplastic bone and soft-tissue mass. Among 49 cases examined by radiography, osteoblastic pattern sarcoma was found in 19 cases, osteolytic pattern sarcoma was found in 13 cases and mixed pattern sarcoma was found in 17 cases. The detection rates of bone destruction, periosteal reaction, soft-tissue mass, neoplastic bone and Codman triangle by radiography were respectively 61.2%, 95.9%, 71.4%, 73.5%and 27.7%. All 10 cases with CT scan were showed bone destruction, soft - tissue mass and neoplastic bone. The detection rates of periosteal reaction,憇ieve sign挶 and Codman triangle with CT scan were respectively 90%, 90% and 11%. The tiny neoplastic bone and"sieve sign"were showed sensitively by CT, but Codman triangle was showed by radiography superior to CT.32 cases with MRI scan presented the normal marrow was replaced by the tumor, which was showed low to intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and promiscuity signal intensity on T2-weighted images. 7 cases presented hemorrhage and 24 cases presented necrosis.

骨肉瘤基本影像表现为骨质破坏、骨膜反应、瘤骨和软组织肿块。49例X线表现为成骨型19例，溶骨型13例，混合型17例；X线对骨质破坏、骨膜反应、软组织肿块、瘤骨和Codman三角的检出率分别为61.2%、95.9%、71.4%、73.5%和27.7%；10例CT表现均可见骨质破坏、软组织肿块及瘤骨，CT对骨膜反应、筛孔征和Codman三角的检出率为90%、90%和11%；CT对显示细小肿瘤骨和筛孔征最敏感，但对Codman三角的显示不如X线平片；32例MRI表现为骨髓腔内正常的骨髓高信号被肿瘤信号所取代，T1WI呈低～等信号，T2WI呈混杂信号，7例合并出血，24例中央坏死囊变，32例增强扫描均呈不均匀强化及瘤周可见水肿区。

Methods:The total RNA was extracted from mouse RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS.The sequence including the whole length of HMGB1 was amplified by RT-PCR and inserted into pMD-19T.The combinant vector was used as a template for PCR which was cloned into vector pMD-19T,then subcloned into expression vector pET-26b with pelB signal sequence and His-Taq sequence.After transforming E.coli BL21(DE3) and four hours induction by IPTG,HMGB1 expression confirmed by SDS-PAGE and the purification was performed by Ni2+-chelate affinity chromatograph.

脂多糖刺激后的RAW264.7细胞，提取总RNA，经RT-PCR扩增出含HMGB1的目的片段，克隆于pMD-19T载体，再亚克隆至含有pelB引导肽及His-标签肽的高效表达载体pET-26b，转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3），经IPTG诱导后行SDS-PAGE鉴定目标蛋白表达，用镍鳌合琼脂糖凝胶亲和层析法分离纯化含His-标签肽的目的蛋白。

Based on the settings and geological and geochemical characteristics of granitoids of different orogenic belts (exemplified by orogenic granitoids in Altay, East Kunlun, Yanshan in North China, Northeast China and Nanling in South China), the relationships between granitoids and continental crustal growth are discussed, and five modes of continental crustal growth in the continent of China are proposed;they are as follows:(1)the Altay mode of continental growth is that the material and heat of the Paleozoic convertive mantle formed on the background of the Paleo-Asian Ocean were input into the Paleozoic continent and mixed with the materials of the upper crust;(2) the East Kunlun mode is that the basement of the Proterozoic orogenic belt was reworked by the heat input and materials of the Paleozoic-early Mesozoic convective mantle formed on the background of TTG continental crust of the Proterozoic orogenic belt;(3) the Northeast China style is that the Phanerozoic continental crust was reworked by the heat input and materials from the convective mantle formed on the background of the Yanshanian Central Asian orogenic belt;(4) the Yanshan mode is that the Archean basement was reworked by the heat input and materials from the Yanshanian convective mantle;and (5) the Nanling mode is that in South China what was input by the Yanshanian convective mantle into the continent was mainly heat and subordinately materials and the crustal material recycle was the dominant mode for the continental growth (showing zero continental growth).

根据不同造山带花岗岩的形成背景，地质地球化学特征差异，以阿尔泰，东昆仑，华北燕山，东北和南岭造山带花岗岩为例讨论花岗岩与大陆地壳生长的关系，区分出中国大陆的5种大陆地壳生长方式：阿尔泰式是古亚洲洋背景上形成的古生代对流地幔物质，热输入和上地壳混合为主的方式；东昆仑式是元古代造山带TTG陆壳背景基础上古生代—早中生代对流地幔物质和热输入，改造元古宙造山带基底的方式；东北式是燕山期中亚造山带背景上对流地幔物质和热输入改造显生宙陆壳的生长方式；燕山式是燕山期对流地幔物质和热输入改造太古宙基底的方式；南岭式燕山期对流地幔输入大陆的是以热为主，物质为辅，大陆地壳生长是以陆壳物质再循环为主的生长方式。

The equivalent standard pollution loadings were compared among different rigions, the results indicated that the water pollution threaten caused by agricultural non-point source pollution was more serious in the south of Jiangsu province and in Nantong than in the other rigions;The equivalentStandard pollution loading rates of different agricultural non-point source pollution in different regions were analysised by clustering analysis method,and the results indicated that Nanjing、 Wuxi、 Zhenjiang and Changzhou were polluted mainly by domestic living pollution;Xuzhou、 Suqian、 Taizhou、 Yancheng、 Lianyungang、 Huaian and Nantong were polluted mainly by chemical fertilizer pollution; Suzhou and Yangzhou were polluted corresponsively by animals feces pollution 、 domestic living pollution、 chemical fertilizer pollution and fish breeding pond pollution.

对各地区的等标污染指数进行比较，发现农业非点源污染对水环境造成的威胁苏南地区和南通明显高于其它苏中、苏北地区；对各个市各非点源污染源的污染负荷率进行聚类分析，发现南京、无锡、镇江、常州以生活污染为主；徐州、宿迁、泰州、盐城、连云港、淮安、南通以化肥污染为主；苏州、扬州两地畜禽粪便污染、生活污染、化肥污染和精养鱼塘污染均占一定的比例。

Through block wall experimental study we can find out that cracks would appear late and the load of crack-resisting and limit-resisting are increased obviously by the constructional measures in the wall. It is very effective method that the splayed cracks are controlled by sill ring beam, the horizontal bending cracks are controlled by structural column on the side of the wall and the horizontal cracks on the top of the wall are controlled by the whole ring beam. It is the most effective method that wall cracks are controlled by structural column, crout column and sill ring beam.

通过试验主要得到在墙体中采取构造措施后，墙体裂缝推迟出现，开裂荷载和极限荷载都有很大程度的提高，同时发现窗台圈梁在控制窗角的八字缝、墙体两侧构造柱对于防止水平弯曲缝以及全截面的圈梁在防止墙体和圈梁交界处的裂缝的出现能起到很好的效果，通过试验确定在砌块墙体中采取&构造柱+芯柱+窗台圈梁&的构造措施来控制裂缝是最为经济合理有效的。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。