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It is mainly formed by the reaction between urea (produced by the breakdown of arginine by the yeast) and citrulline (produced by the degradation of arginine by malolactic bacteria and ethanol).

葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯主要由酵母降解精氨酸产生的尿素和苹果酸-乳酸菌降解精氨酸产生的瓜氨酸与乙醇自发反应产生。

Methods Human monocyte cell line THP-1 was cultured and induced to macrophage by PMA treatment. The effect of 9-cisRA on the differentiation induced by PMA was studied. Cell morphology was observed by phase contrast microscope and the adhesion rate of THP-1 was detected by methyl thiazolyltetrazolium assay. The cell surface markers involved in differentiation of mono cyte/macmphage (CD11b, CD36) were analyzed by flow cytometry.

体外培养人单核细胞系THP-1，经佛波酯诱导分化为巨噬细胞，同时给予9-顺式维甲酸对佛波酯诱导分化进行干预，通过相差显微镜观察细胞形态，MTT比色法检测细胞贴壁率，流式细胞仪检测与单核／巨噬细胞分化有关的细胞表面标志物CD11b和CD36的表达。

Methods The astrocytes were isolated from cerebral cortex of neonatal rats which are born within three days, cultivating by DMEM media added with 15% fetal calf serum and depurating by swinging and passaging, to simulate nulli-nutrition model by substituting medium for PBS buffer solution 3h then applying methylprednisolone and recnutrition immediately, we will go on culturing for three days, verificating astrocytes by immunofluorescent technique; detecting activity of AST; determining GFAP of change by PCR.

采用出生3d内的SD大鼠的新生鼠的大脑制成细胞悬浊液后，应用含15%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液中培养，通过摇床和逐渐传代纯化星形胶质细胞，通过PBS缓冲液代替培养基模拟缺营养模型3h后即刻应用甲基强的松龙(10umol/l)，然后继续培养3d，免疫荧光技术鉴定星形胶质细胞；MTT法检测细胞的增殖活性和凋亡；PCR技术测定细胞GFAP表达的变化。

Crude solution of chitosanase is obtained by fungal fermented filtrates firstly, and then through affinity adsorption by cross - linked chitosan resin, with no protein flowing by suffer, and then through eluting by 1-5per mill Cu2 . After that, eluent is dialysed and concentrated and then separated by gel filtration chromatography.

将产壳聚糖酶真菌发酵液离心得粗酶液，经交联壳聚糖树脂亲和吸附，用缓冲液洗至无蛋白流出，再以1-5‰的Cu 2 洗脱，洗脱液透析浓缩后用凝胶过滤层析进行分离，获得电泳纯的壳聚糖酶。

The technology of separation and purification of the interesting protein was studied, centrifuge the sample and get the clear supernatant, remove protein by 50％ ethanol, concentrate by drying with freezing way, remove salt and pigment by dialysing, separation with G-50 and CM-cellulose52 column, concentrate by PEG6000, The purified sample was a single band after separation by SDS-PAGE.

研究了目的阿片肽的分离纯化工艺。发酵混合物经过离心取上清，乙醇沉淀去蛋白，冷冻干燥浓缩，透析除盐脱色，聚乙二醇6000反渗透浓缩，G-50柱分离，CM-cellulose52阳离子交换层析，聚乙二醇6000浓缩等步骤后得到了较纯的目的产物，目的产物在SDS-PAGE上呈现单一条带。

By employing the Jordan-Wigner transformation and a modified mean field method, we are able to determine its ground-state quantum phase diagram approximately. The chapter IV is the main part of this Thesis. It contains the main innovations in our work. We propose and study in detail a S=1 Ising chain with the interplay of single-ion anisotropy and dimerization. The main results and innovations are the following: We show that the total number of the zero-component of spins at each site is a conserved quantity. This quantity, which may intuitively called as hole's quantum number, is hidden in the system. We show further that the hole's number in the ground-state is zero; By using the Jordan-Wigner transformation, we map this model onto a series of subsystems described by the spin 1/2 dimerized transverse Ising model. We solve the subsystems exactly, by presenting the exact wave functions and spectra;We show that this system exhibits a series of quantum phase transitions by varying the dimerization strength. We determine the quantum critical points exactly. We also show that the criticality is the same as that of the uniform S = 1/2 transverse Ising chain.

第四章是本文的重点及主要创新内容，我们具体研究了自旋为1的在横向单离子晶格场中的一维二聚化Ising链，我们得到的主要结果和创新之处是：(1)证明了这一模型具有一种隐藏的对称性，即自旋第三分量为零的格点数目是一个守恒量，并证明基态出现在空穴数目为零的子空间中；(2)利用Jordan-Wigner 变换将此模型变换到一系列自旋为1/2的横磁场中的二聚化Ising 模型，并给出了相应严格的波函数及能谱；(3)我们发现系统的基态随着二聚化强度的变化将呈现出一系列量子相变，我们得到了量子临界点的精确位置，并证明其临界性质与自旋为1/2的横磁场中的均匀Ising 链中的临界行为属于同一普适类。

They extended the idea ofBel Design that was emerging from Milan as applied by Marcello Nizzoli to Olivettis Typewriters, by Piaggio to the Vespa motor scooter and by Fiat to the 500 small car to include larger products.Sports cars such as the Giulietta Spider by Pininfarina or the Giulietta Sprint coupe by Bertone were perfect sculptures with harmonious proportions that are still admired in succeeding years the marque was highly successful on the international market with such models as the Spider Duetto and the Giulia Berlina ,both of which today enjoy cult status.

他们的想法延长设计，这是摆脱米兰，而适用的里皮尼佐利到奥利维蒂的打字机，由比亚乔的威斯帕小型摩托车和菲亚特公司的500名小汽车，包括大车如茱莉艾塔蜘蛛由宾尼法利纳或茱莉艾塔斯普林特跑车的贝尔托了完美的雕塑与和谐比例仍然在后来的几年钦佩的品牌高度成功地在国际市场上的这种型号的蜘蛛和朱，两者今天享有的地位。

The present paper developed a new method in which extract analytes from seafood product s by DI water followed by precipitating proteins from extraction by trifluoroacetic acid and analyse polyphosphates in pre- pared extraction by suppressed conductivity ion chromatography whose gradient eluents were obtained by Eluent Generator.

本文建立了一种采用去离子水提取，三氟乙酸作为蛋白沉淀剂对海产品样品进行前处理，采用淋洗液自动发生装置在残产生 KOH 进行梯度淋洗，抑制型电导离子色谱法，检测海产品样品中多聚磷酸盐的方法。

The present paper developed a new method in which extract analytes from seafood product s by DI water followed by precipitating proteins from extraction by trifluomacetic acid and analyse polyphosphates in pre- pared extraction by suppressed conductivity ion chromatography whose gradient eluents were obtained by Eluent Generator.

本文建立了一种采用去离子水提取，三氟乙酸作为蛋白沉淀剂对海产品样品进行前处理，采用淋洗液自动发生装置在线产生KOH进行梯度淋洗，抑制型电导离子色谱法，检测海产品样品中多聚磷酸盐的方法。

RESULTS:(1) ET-1 could increase total protein production, surface area, ERKs activity and ［Ca2+］i in cultured cardiomyocyte in dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 10-9 to 10-7 mol/L. And this effect could be abolished by BQ123, an antagonist of ETA receptor, partly inhibited by PTX, but not by BQ788, an antagonist of ETB receptor.（2）The activation of ERKs and the increase of ［Ca2+］i induced by ET-1 were obviously inhibited by PD98059, a selective ERKs kinase inhibitor, and nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, respectively. Both antagonists partially inhibited ET-1-stimulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response.(3) Staurosporine, a selective PKC inhibitor, could inhibit ET-1-stimulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response and increase of ［Ca2+］i, but not affect the activation of ERKs.

结果： ①ET-1浓度依赖性增加新生大鼠心肌细胞蛋白质含量和心肌细胞表面积、ERKs活性及［Ca2+］i浓度，以上作用可被ETA受体拮抗剂BQ123所完全抑制，被百日咳毒素部分抑制，而ETB受体拮抗剂BQ788则无效；②ERKs激酶特异性抑制剂PD98059可完全抑制ET-1激活ERKs的作用，钙通道拮抗剂硝苯地平可明显抑制ET-1介导的［Ca2+］i浓度增加，但二者皆仅部分抑制ET-1介导的心肌细胞肥大反应；③蛋白激酶C选择性抑制剂staurosporine并不能明显抑制ET-1介导的ERKs激活，但可抑制ET-1介导的的［Ca2+］i浓度增加及心肌细胞肥大反应。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷