查询词典 by-law

At present,our state confront with two great task in the area of the law construction:firstly,the domestic law system should connect with WTO,hormonally and untidily;secondly,the law must keep steps with the development of our country,deserving the present socialism moral and cause the two aspects to be in hormone,and make our socialism law possess with more spacious moral basis and the inner of the human nature.In that case,our socialism law can does represent the most advanced direction of our country's law culture.

当今我国的法制建设已经面临着两大任务：一是国内法律体系与WTO的衔接、协调与统一，使国内法接受WTO的检测并与国际接轨；二要与国内接轨，要求现行的法律接受新时期社会主义道德的检测，使得我国的法律与社会主义道德相协调，并使我国的社会主义法律具有更加广阔的道德基础与人性内涵，从而使我国社会主义法律真正代表我国法律文化的最先进的方向。

It is not that Economic Law carves up the administration Law'sorbit but that the administration Law definitudes its direction of advancing much more.Each has its background of origination and sphere of learning,and they drive along dif-ferent roads,advance together and make progress.Civil Law and Commercial law andEconomic Law all serve as a solution to marketing failure and over—amount trading ex-penses caused by marketing failure.

笔者认为，行政权的扩张一因数果，既是经济法产生的原因，亦为行政法最终形成和发展动力，不是经济法&瓜分&了行政法的势力范围，而是行政法更加明确自己的前进方向，两者各自其来有素，术业有专攻，齐头并进，分途而赴，合力以成。

While naturalists take the idea that human—made law possesses the just disposition of natural law as an argument to champion city—state law strongly,tragedians find conflicts between positive law and natural law,thereby enduing natural law with moral connotation for the first time.

正当自然主义者以人定法具有自然法的正义秉性为据大力捍卫城邦法律之时，悲剧作家则发现了人定法与自然法的冲突，从而第一次赋予自然法以道德的内涵。

The Critical Legal Studies Movement and post-modern law study arising in the 1970s, which fight against liberalism law tradition after the existence of classical natural law, aroused the second conversion of modern legal philosophy. It negates that law reflect nous, refuses the independence, conformability and oneness of law, and perturbs the bases and principles on which modern law study lies.

而二十世纪七十年代后兴起的批判法学运动和后现代主义法学将矛头直接指向古典自然法以来的自由主义法学传统，引发了近现代法哲学的第二次转型，它否定法律反映理性，否定法的独立性、确定性和统一性，动摇了现代法学所安身立命的基础和原则。

For over half a century, on the lawmaking layer of the fundamental law, India gets rid of religion entirely, and establishes democracy system, which has been pushed for sure. In the lawmaking of the crime law and the civil law, on the whole, fulfill the construction of amending or reenacting law system, according to the modern criterion of the occident law system. In the lawmaking of personal relation, though still take on myriad tint of religion, yet by comparison with the Indian society before independent, it has made a huge progress, which is the successful part of the secularization. However, still some deficiency, such as a majority of Indian citizens have dotty law ideas, in the political and legal system can't get rid of religion thoroughly, the legal applicability of the judicial branch is still at the mercy of the religious power, which incarnate the bugs of the secularization.

半个多世纪以来，印度国家在根本大法的立法层面上完全脱离宗教影响的情况下确立了民主政治制度，并已得到确实推行；在刑事、民事立法中，基本上完成了按照西方现代法制的要求而进行了修改或重新制定的法律体系的建设过程；在人身关系立法方面，虽然仍有着种种的宗教色彩，但与独立前的印度社会相比较，已经有了长足的进步，这些都是印度法律世俗化的成功之处，但其中也不足，主要是印度大多数国民的法律观念仍然淡薄，政治法律制度上仍未能完全摆脱宗教的影响，司法部门的法律适用仍受宗教势力所左右等方面，都体现出印度法律世俗化的缺陷。

This article is mainly reviewed the history of the bankruptcy law of natural person, and saw about the bankruptcy law of natural person in the developed countries at present, then according to the situation of our country, analysed the legislation of the bankruptcy law of natural person in our country, and gave the advice of the design of the law. At last, the article analysed upbuilding correlative laws of the bankruptcy law of natural person. This article is about the bankruptcy law of natural person, and is mainly discussed from five parts.

本文对于自然人产破产制度的建立进行回顾，并对目前西方发达国家自然人破产制度进行考察，结合我国国情对在我国建立自然人破产制度进行分析，对建立该项制度提出有关程序及实体制度的设计，最后对建立自然人破产制度相关配套制度的建立进行了分析。

With regard to the lack of corresponding entity right backing for "execute the third party" according to the procedure law in current Chinese creditor"s subrogation system;the inconsistence between the entity law and the procedure law for the conditions to exercise creditor"s subrogation;the obscure effect of the exercising of the creditor"s subrogation;the indefiniteness of right and status of the parties in the subrogation proceeding and so on,it is suggested that amend the civil code,confine the creditor"s subrogation system,coordinate the rules in entity law and procedure law related to the debtees" to exercise their subrogation,define the creditor"s subrogation,the right and obligation of related parties in the procedure,perfect the rules in procedure law in order to provide proceeding procedure security for the realization of the creditors subrogation.

并针对我国现行债权人代位权制度在程序法中&执行第三人&缺乏相应实体权利依据、实体法与程序法有关债权人代位权行使条件规定不一致、债权人行使代位权效力不清、当事人在代位权诉讼中的地位和权利不明确等诸多缺欠，提出了制定民法典确定债权人代位权制度、协调实体法和程序法中关于债权人行使代位权的规定、明确债权人代位权诉讼相关当事人的权利义务、完善程序法规定为债权人代位权实现提供诉讼程序保障的意见。

In the face of the very grave environmental question and ecocides day by day, the mankind begins to realize that there should be involvement with regular law in the fields of people and natural relation, however, people"s ecological environmental awareness and concrete law are adjusted and only stayed on very undeveloped aspect, this kind of state reflects and protects in the criminal law of the ecological environment too, the legislative thoughts of most countries have inherited the value idea of the traditional criminal law, the traditional criminal law is regarded as the last kind of means to adjust social relationships, the target that adjust is interpersonal social relationships, the object protected by criminal law is that the people"s life , health and property are safe, it is a kind of idea of value taking human interests as the center that reflects.

面对日益深重的环境问题和生态危机，人类开始意识到在人与自然关系的领域中要有法律规则的介入，然而，人们的生态环境意识及具体的法律调整还停留在很不发达的层面上，这种状况反映在生态环境的刑法保护上更为明显，多数国家的立法思想继承了传统刑法的价值理念，传统刑法作为调整社会关系的最后一种手段，其调整的对象是人与人之间的社会关系，受刑法保护的客体是人的生命、健康和财产安全，体现的是一种以人类利益为中心的价值理念。

Classical liberals firmly believe that in a number of rights of the individual, property rights is the most important. The law of rule of law is mainly to protect the property rights of citizens. It is through protecting the property rights of citizens for proper rules of conduct to contribute to the realization of individual freedom. Therefore,the rule of law of classical liberalism evolutes ultimately into the governance of private law. Private law plays the most important role in concept of the rule of law in classical liberalism.

古典自由主义者坚信，在个人的若干权利项中，财产权最为重要，法治之法所要保护的主要是公民的财产权，正当行为规则正是通过保护公民的财产权促成了个人自由的实现，因此，古典自由主义的法治最终演化为私法之治，私法在古典自由主义的法治观中扮演者最为重要的角色。

"Case law" always connotes judge-made law, while "common law" in contrast depending on the meaning intended describes either the judge-made law in common law subject matters or, more extensively, all judge-made law.

&判例法&通常指&法官造法&，而&普通法&相对是指普通法具体案例上法官制定的法律，或指法官制定的所有法律的总称-取决于意图指向。

But this is impossible, as long as it is engaging in a market economy, there are risks in any operation.

但是，这是不可能的，只要是搞市场经济，是有风险的任何行动。

We're on the same wavelength.

我们是同道中人。