查询词典 by-law

The thesis selects the American constitutional protection on private property law history from the establishment of the United States to the New Deal as study theme, and applies the theory of increasing returns path dependence and evolutionary path dependence from Oona A. Hathaway to normatively analyze this law history. Furthermore, it draws some useful conclusions on characteristics of increasing returns path dependence and evolutionary path dependence on the changing history of American constitutional protection on private property law in a Common Law System, and it also takes a few steps on applying path dependence theory on studying law history in a continental law system in our country.

论文选择美国独立战争后至新政这段时期私有财产权宪法保护法律变迁历史作为研究对象，应用哈撒维的递增报酬路径依赖和进化路径依赖理论对这段法律变迁历史进行了实证分析，总结出了美国私有财产权宪法保护法律在普通法环境下的递增报酬和进化路径依赖特性，并对路径依赖理论应用于我国成文法环境下的法律变迁研究进行了初步探索。

First stage from 1960 to 1980, the Japanese Administrative Law restructured the Law Interpretation had been based on the criticism of the Dualism on Public Law and Private Law.Second stage from l990 to the present, the Japanese Administrative Law have been exploring the communication and the possibility combining with other subject basing upon the rethink of the functional orientation of the administrative law pandect.

日本战后的行政法学大体经历了两个发展阶段，第一个阶段（1960－1980年）是在批判公私法二元论的基础上重构行政法解释学，第二个阶段（1990年至今）是在反思行政法总论功能定位的基础上探索与其它学科的交流与融合。

On the basis of that, one of the important contents of this article is to study the basic principle of criminal law in eye of comparison, meaning detecting all characteristics of criminal law principle by comparison of the basic principle of criminal law to that of constitution and that of civil law, and further checking the old and newly-coming concept of basic principle of criminal law, trying to prepare checking methods for the possibly coming concept of basic principle of criminal law in future.

以此为阶，本文的一个重要内容即是以比较的眼光对刑法基本原则进行研究，即从刑法基本原则与宪法基本原则以及刑法基本原则与民法基本原则的对比分析中找出刑法基本原则的各方面特性，以此进一步检验已有的及新近的提法，并力求对以后刑法基本原则可能出现的提法预备辨认手段。

On the basis of that, one of the important contents of this article is to study the basic principle of criminal law in eye of comparison, meaning detecting all characteristics of basic criminal law principle by comparison of basic principle of criminal law to that of constitution and that of civil law, and further checking the old and newly-coming concepts of basic principle of criminal law, trying to prepare checking methods for the possibly coming concepts of basic principle of criminal law in future.

以此为阶，本文的一个重要内容即是以比较的眼光对刑法基本原则进行研讨，即从刑法基本原则与宪法基本原则以及刑法基本原则与民法基本原则的对比分析中，找出刑法基本原则的各方面特性，以此进一步检验已有的及新近的提法，并力求对以后刑法基本原则可能出现的提法预备辨认手段。

Noted by www.SSEweb.net 】 Yon CHUNG (1964-), Male; Member, Experts Group on Social System Engineering; Chief Expert on Social System Engineering, Realizer Beijing Institute of Social System Engineering; Research Fellow, Research Center of Intellectual Property, China University of Politics and Law; Attorney at law, Attorney at law, Realizer Beijing Law Firm; Director, The International Research Project on "Systems Thinking of Chinese Leadership"; Former Director, Center of Legal System Engineering, Central Leadership Institute of Politics and Law, and Former Superintendent, Comprehensive Teaching Department of Social System Engineering School, China University of Politics and Law. He has been exploring the Legal System Engineering, Somatic Science, etc. under the support and instruction of H.S.TSIEN (the progenitor of Engineering Cybernetics and Chinese rocketry, missilery, spaceflight and System Engineering) from early 1980s.

常远(1964-)，男，社会系统工程专家组成员，北京实现者社会系统工程研究院首席社会系统工程专家，中国政法大学知识产权研究中心研究员，北京实现者律师事务所律师，"中国领导层系统思维"国际研究计划(The International Research Project for Systems Thinking of Chinese Leadership)主持人。20世纪80年代初开始在钱学森(工程控制论奠基者，中国火箭、导弹、航天、系统工程之父)支持和指导下从事法治系统工程和人体科学等领域探索；曾任国家教育委员会北京教授讲学团法治系统工程研究所所长、中央政法管理干部学院法治系统工程中心主任、中国政法大学社会工程学院综合教学部负责人；1993被联合国区域间犯罪与司法研究院列入专家名册，1996年被授予"司法部优秀青年"称号。

Whit settling land tenancy law question , the customary law brought some special law phenomena that representation was yongzu. But the customary law hadn"t been systematize, for lacking of state law"s guidance and private law consciousness.

当地的习惯法在解决土地租佃法律问题时，产生了一些以"永租"为代表的独特法律现象，但是，由于没有国家法律的系统指导和相应的私法社会法律意识，还缺乏系统化。

My mother-in-law has times in her nephew, mother-in-law called me from a distant cousin of book wave, in the morning at night, book wave got up to leave, mother-in-law, my wife and I send, mother-in-law wet eye tear, coming... Yesterday, two aunt saw his mother-in-law, pull the two chiam's mother-in-law, spoke again not only tears...

有次岳母在我家住，岳母娘家侄子我叫书波表哥的从远方回来，在我家住了一夜，早晨书波哥起来要走，岳母、妻子和我相送，岳母眼噙泪花、依依不舍……昨天二姨回去，见到岳母，岳母拉者二姨的手，说著说著又仅不住热泪盈眶

As to the model of legislation,it s best to take the mixed model,e.g.center and multiplex legislation,including the law of dipartite underground superficies,the law of requisition of underground space,the law of registering the underground real estate,the basic law of underground building,the law of programming on the underground space,the law of the promotion of usage of undergr...

我们要建构地下区分地上权法、地下征收征用法、地下登记法、地下建设基准法、地下空间规划法、地下空间利用促进法、大深度法、地下环境保护与灾害防治法等。在建构的进程中应该走综合化的道路，尽量中央立法和复合立法。

Hua Jing , graduated in 1987,was a member of the graduate student class of Law Faculty of the China People's University. From Aug.1987 to 1995, during her being a docent of the Law Faculty of Beijing Commercial College, she had been the teacher of International Law, Contract Law and other courses. And she was active in theory investigation, and published several articles on agency law and the law of the administration of advertisement.

华静律师1987年毕业于中国人民大学法律系研究生班。1987年至1995年华律师在北京商学院法律系任讲师，曾担任国际法、经济合同法等课程的讲授工作，并参与各种学术研究活动，先后发表了有关代理法、广告管理法、反不正当竞争法等方面的文章。

First, this paper illustrates that punitive damages has strong prevention function, at the same time it accords with the inspirit of civil law of modern times, it doesn't conflict with basic theories of civil law, such as the partition of public law and private law, the separation of civil law and criminal law and unjust benefit, it is also the necessar...

本文首先从理论上阐明了该制度具有很强的预防功能，符合现代民法的精神，与公法与私法的划分、民刑分离、不当得利这些民法基本理论并不矛盾，是补偿性民事责任的必要补充，因此具有存在的合理性。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。