查询词典 by-law

By Simone Weil, translated by Richard ReesOxford University Press,$7.00The culture-heroes of our liberal bourgeois civilization are anti-liberal and anti-bourgeois; they are writers who are repetitive, obsessive, and impolite, who impress by force—not simply by their tone of personal authority and by their intellectual ardor, but by the sense of acute personal and intellectual extremity.

我们自由主义、资产阶级文明的文化英雄是反自由主义和反资产阶级的；他们是一群曝光率高、令人着迷而又具有反文明倾向的作家，常常给人一种文化暴力的印象——不仅表现为他们具有个人权威性的音色和声调、知识分子的激情，而且表现在他们极度个人化和极度知识分子化的偏执情绪上。

The compositions of complexes were determined as, by chemical and elemental analyses, Mn2CI2, Mn2Cl2, Cu2Cl2-2H2O, Cu(NO3)2-H2O, Cu(CH3COO)2, Zn2Cl2, Zn2(NO3)2-4H2O,ZnSO4 and Zn4(NO3)2, respectively. These complexes were characterized by IR,'H NMR and XPS. The crystal structures of these complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The thermstability of the complexes was investigated by TG-DTG and the processes of their thermal decomposition were speculated. The constant-volume combustion energies of complexes, cU, were determined by a precision rotating bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. Their standard enthalpies of formation, Hm, were calculated respectively. Finally, their biological activity was researched after the bactericidal activity was determined by selection of 1-2 bacteria.

通过化学分析、元素分析确定化合物分子组成分别为Mn_2Cl_2，Mn_2Cl_2，Cu_2Cl_2·2H_2O，Cu(NO_3)_2·H_2O，Cu(CH_3COO)_2，Zn_2Cl_2，Zn_2(NO_3)_2·4H_2O，ZnSO_4和Zn_4(NO_3)_2；借助IR、~1H NMR和XPS对化合物的键型特征进行了表征，运用X-射线单晶衍射分析法测定了个别化合物的晶体结构；以TG-DTG技术研究了化合物的热稳定性，阐明了它们的热分解机理；用精密转动弹热量计测定了化合物在298.15 K的恒容燃烧能，并计算了它们的标准燃烧焓和标准生成焓；选取1～2种病菌，初步测定了化合物的杀菌活性，进而研究了它们的生物活性。

Cases treated by incision and thread drawing with 1 recurred(average healing time 20.22±5.24 days); 32 cases by incision suture plus internal opening drainage with 3 recurred(average healing time 22.84±6.66 days); 34 cases by fistulectomy and primary suture with 5 recurred( average healing time 25.56 ±7.51 days);32 cases by fistulotomy with 6 recurred(average healing time 30.43±10.72 days).conclusion:low complex anal fistula usually can be treated by incision suture plus interal opening drainage or fistulectomy and primary suture, and high complex anal fistula by incision and thread drawing or fistulotomy.

结果：随访5～10个月(平均7 2个月)，切开挂线术37例，复发1例，平均愈合时间(20 22±5 24)d；切缝内口引流术32例，复发3例，平均愈合时间(22 84±6 66)d；瘘管摘除缝合术34例，复发5例，平均愈合时间(25 56±7 51)d；瘘管旷置术32例，复发6例，平均愈合时间(30 43±10 72)d。结论：低位复杂性肛瘘多采用切缝内口引流术、瘘管摘除缝合术；高位复杂性肛瘘多采用切开挂线术、瘘管旷置术。

There were six themes in this study. First of all, the geometry of in-vivo human pinna and ear canal was measured non-invasively. The 3D model of pinna and ear canal was reconstructed and then measured based on the image processed by HRCT. Second, the 2D curvature of in-vivo human ear canal was measured non-invasively. The angles and curvatures of superior and inferior walls of first and second bends were measured. The 2D curvature of ear canal was computed by sine and cosine laws. Third, the in-vivo human ear canal was reconstructed by RE. The distribution of sound field was analyzed by FEM. The data obtained in this study can be the reference for clinicians and audiologists. Fourth, the 3D model of earmold of hearing aids, including the ear shell and the housing, was reconstructed by RE based on the image of in-vivo human ear canal obtained by CT.

本研究主题其四，对於听力受损之患者往往皆须选配助听器帮助其放大声音，其中耳模是助听器的外壳，也是接触到耳朵的仪器，而耳道型助听器系位於耳甲艇及耳甲腔延伸至耳道第一弯道处，在制作耳模必须利用灌模方式来取得紧配之耳模，其中耳模在助听器的使用过程中，常因耳模松脱，无法与人耳道紧密配合而造成漏音，因此，利用活体人外耳道电脑断层影像，重建耳道型助听器耳模之三维立体模型影像，其中耳模包括了耳壳及耳模内部空间，并进行几何外型量测，探讨耳道型助听器之体容积大小，也提供了制作耳模时快速、精确度高、减少翻模及修模次数，可减少误差率之方法。

One is low valence vanadium oxide thin films were deposited by direct current facing target magnetron sputtering firstly, and then thermal oxidated; the other is high valence vanadium oxide thin films were deposited by ion beam sputtering, then thermal deoxidated. Vanadium oxide thin films with phase transition were obtained at the lower thermal process temperature 300℃, which is compatible with MEMS technologys. The composition of VO_x thin film fabricated by first method includes mainly VO_2, V2O3 and VO_, the TCR is -2.25%/K, the TCR gradually increases with phase transition temperature decreases. The composition of VO_x thin film fabricated by the second method includes mainly VO_2, V2O5 and V2O3 , and the resulting VO_x thin filmTCR is -3.0%/K. The TCR of phase transition vanadium oxide thin films made by second method is higher than that made by first method for the existance of V2O5 in thin films.

分别采用直流对靶磁控溅射制备低价态氧化钒薄膜再附加热氧化处理的方式，和射频离子束溅射制备高价氧化钒薄膜附加热还原处理的方式获得了具有相变特性的氧化钒薄膜，第一种方式获得相变特性氧化钒薄膜的热处理温度最低为300℃，克服了以往高温条件下热处理不能与MEMS工艺兼容的缺点；相变特性氧化钒薄膜的组分以VO_2为主，含有V2O3和VO_，室温TCR为-2.25%/K；室温电阻温度系数随相变温度的降低逐渐升高；采用第二种方式获得的相变氧化钒薄膜的组分以VO_2为主，含有V2O5和V2O3，室温TCR可达-3.0%/K；分析发现，具有相变特性的氧化钒薄膜中含有V2O5时，室温电阻温度系数明显增大。

By this method, the productivity of 3. 18g/l extracellular polysaccharides was obtained. The optimum extraction method was obtained by RSA. It was determined as follows: 91. 4 ℃, 2. 9h, the weight ratio between mycelia and water was 1 to 3. The productivity was 12. 38% of dry mycelia. Set the purifying methods of Grifola frondosa: Precipitated polysaccharides part by 60% ethanol→removed protein by Sevag method→removed coloring matter by H〓O〓→removed salts by dialyse→DEAE-cellulose column chromatogram→ purified polysaccharides groups.

对于胞内多糖的提取，采用湿菌体经捣碎再高压破壁的方式破碎菌体细胞，采用响应面分析法得出优化后的提取条件为：提取温度91.4℃，提取时间2.9h，料水比1：3，此提取条件下胞内粗多糖的率为干菌体重的12.38％建立了灰树花多糖分离纯化的技术路线 60％乙醇沉淀的粗多糖→Sevag法脱蛋白→H〓O〓脱色→透析脱盐→DEAE-纤维素层析分离→多糖组分。

The industrial zone now formed a auto parts and accessories industry represented by Korea Kelong auto, Sanyang Fur; a food processing industry represented by USA Dule, Hong Kong Hexing and Beijing Guchuan; a Light Textile Industry represented by Korea Douyun fiber, Banlin fiber; a machinery processing industry, represented by Qingdao Wuxiao pylon, Qingdao Haizhong boiler and Taiwan Quanwei precision casting; a wooden ware industry, represented by Germany Disen kitchen ware, Qingdao Feilali furniture; and a package industry represented by Hong Kong Hanxing packaging, Qingdao Sanbu Paper.

工业园地目前已形成以韩国可隆车业、三洋皮革为代表的汽车配套业，以美国都乐食品、香港和兴食品、北京古船食品为代表的食品加工业，以韩国斗源纤维、邦林纤维为代表的轻纺加工业，以青岛武晓铁塔、青岛海众锅炉、台湾铨威精密压铸为代表的机械加工业，以德国帝森厨具、青岛飞拉利家具为代表的木器加工业，以香港汉兴包装、青岛三步纸业为代表的包装制品业，构成了工业聚集区以&高、新、大、全&为特色的产业链条式、投资国别多元化的投资框架。

From 6860 to 3170 cal.yr BP,semi-desert steppeexpanded,regional montane forest steppe retreated,suggesting a prolonged warm and dryclimate.Between 3170 and 2340 cal.yr BP,regional forest steppe expanded whereassemi-desert steppe retreated,indicating the climate became cool and wet gradually and thehumidity reached the maximum at the end of this stage.During 2340～1600 cal.yr BP,Poaceae steppe dominated whereas wetland meadow expanded and the montane forest stepperetreated,suggesting a cool and wet climate prevailed,wormwood grass steppe prevailed andthe climatic instability increased after 1600 cal.a BEThe climate and environmental reconstructions by pollen were supported by the diatomrecords.A relative high lake level and moister climate prevailed between 8660 and 7230 cal.yr BP as inferred by the dominance of planktonic diatom genera and high planktonic/benthicratio (〉40).low lake level and dry climate sustained during 7230～2330 cal.yr BP assuggested by the low abundance of planktonic diatom and low planktonic/benthic ratio ～20and the lake returned to high level during 2330～930 cal.yr BP as inferred by there-dominance of the planktonic diatom and the high value of palnktonic/benthic ratio.The pollen-based climate reconstruction was also consolidated by the grain size andPediastrum concentration records.

Ugii Nuur湖周围现代孢粉研究表明：松属为空气传播的外来花粉，其含量变化可能指示了远山森林草原发育状况；禾本科具显著低代表性，母体植物建群时含量通常在10％以下：藜科花粉含量可以指示区域气候干旱程度。2、以现代孢粉研究为基础、可靠AMS~(14)C年代为框架，Ugii Nuur孢粉记录高分辨率地重建了蒙古国中部地区过去8660 cal.yr BP以来的植被和气候变化。8660～7800 cal.yr BP研究区植被为禾草草原，湖畔及河谷低地发育苔草草甸，远山发育松属针叶林和森林草原，气候温和略湿润；其中8350～8250 cal.yr BP湿生草甸扩张，旱生植物成分减少，气候凉湿。7800～6860 cal.yr BP旱生成分增加，气候转向暖干。6860～3170 cal.yrBP半荒漠草原扩张，远山森林草原退缩，山地草原和河谷及湖畔湿生草甸退缩，气候持续暖干。3170～2340 cal.yr BP半荒漠草原退缩，远山森林草原扩张，气候转凉变湿，末期湿度条件达最佳。2340～1600 cal.yr BP禾草草原发育，湖畔及河谷低地湿生草甸扩张，远山森林草原略有退缩，气候总体较凉湿。1600 cal.yr BP以来研究区发育禾草-冷蒿草原，气候波动较大。

Filed experiments of 2001 showed that treatments with fungicide either 2 days before or 2 days post inoculation, tebuconazole reduced the disease index of the spikes by 80.32% and 70.64, as well as increased grain yield by 12.95% and 8.74% in comparison to the untreated control. Application of metconazole led to decreases of the disease index by 80.5% and 68.0% and increases of grain yield by 11.41% and 11.45% compared with the untreated plants. In 2002, with the serious occurrence of the head blight, tebuconazole reduced the disease index of the spikes by 76.47% and 78.67% and metconazole reduced the disease index by 82.06% and 81.89% in comparison to the untreated control.

田间药效测定结果表明：与对照相比，接种前2d喷药与接种后2d喷药，2001年，戊唑醇可使小麦赤霉病病情指数分别减少80.32%和70.64%，产量增加12.95%与8.74%；羟菌唑可使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少80.5%和68.0%，产量增加11.41%和11.45%；2002年，在小麦赤霉病严重发生的情况下，戊唑醇能使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少76.47%和78.67%，羟菌唑能使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少82.06%和81.89%，产量增加极显著。

Methods:(1) Dissoluble PGN and CpG DNA were immobilized onto the surface of biotin cuvette for establishing target. Another effective tracking approach was established by immobilizing Escherichia lipid A F583 onto the surface of Non-derivatised cuvett. The biosensor technology was applied to screen anti-inflammatory TCM targeting on three key molecules.(2) The active compositions were isolated by AB-8 macroreticular resin from lycium bark. After the activities of compositions were evaluated, the most effective compositions was confirmed. In vitro, the affinities of different concentrations composition E binding with PGN, CpG DNA and lipid A were measured separately. The effect of composition E on vigor of RAW264.7 cells were tested by MTT and CCK-8, and its inhibition on TNF-α, which was released from RAW264.7 cells induced by PGN, CpG DNA and LPS, was also tested by ELISA. In vivo, murine sepsis models were made by intravenously heat-killed E.coli and heat-killed S.aureus, then protection of composition E on mice sepsis model were observed.

(1)将PGN及CpG DNA包被于生物素样品池，将lipid A包被于非衍生样品池，分别建立以PGN、CpG DNA及lipid A为靶点的技术平台，对114种抗炎中药水提物进行筛选、评价其活性物质含量，并评估出针对上述三种病原分子均具有较高结合活性的中药；(2)利用生物传感器跟踪检测技术、大孔吸附树脂分离技术，从地骨皮中定向分离与PGN、CpG DNA及lipid A均具有较高亲和力的活性组分；在体外实验中，测定不同浓度活性组分与PGN、CpG DNA及lipid A亲和力；MTT法及CCK-8法检测活性组分对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响；ELISA法检测活性组分对PGN(2μg/ml)、CpG DNA(10μg/ml)及LPS(100ng/ml)刺激小鼠RAW264.7细胞分泌TNF-α的抑制作用；在体内实验中，采用尾静脉注射致死剂量热灭活大肠杆菌和热灭活金黄色葡萄球菌，建立细菌脓毒症小鼠模型，观察活性组分对脓毒症模型小鼠的保护作用。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。