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Above-water remote sensing reflectance and scattering extinction coefficients of water were derived by modeling radiative transfer across the water-air interface with in situ measured water quality data and beneath water spectral reflectance measurements in Lake Tai.

利用太湖水质参数数据、水面以下实测光谱数据以及水-气界面辐射传输模型，计算得到了水体漫射衰减系数和水面以上遥感反射比，探讨了悬浮物对水体中营养盐以及水下光照等水体环境因子的影响，在此基础上，利用水面以上遥感反射率建立了悬浮物浓度的定量反演模型。

Pure water is clear, achromaticity, natural water often showing a certain color, which mainly comes from plant leaves, bark, roots, humus and soluble inorganic minerals and sediment, su*ce water polluted by industrial waste water will make the water color extremely complex.

纯净的水是无色透明的，自然水时常呈现出一定的色彩，它主要来源于植物的叶、皮、根、腐殖质和可溶性无机矿事物和泥砂等，地面水受工业废水污染后可使水色变患上极为复杂。

Based on the previous studies and combined with the national important scientific special item—the projection of water environment improvement and comprehensive demonstration in Suzhou city. The influence to water quality melioration under different conditions of packing types, stuffing rate, air supply and hydraulic loading using water of Miaojia river as experiment water sample; the water contaminate removal ability by the absorption and interception of charcoal filling and the research of the denitrification rate of charcoal filling were discussed in the paper. Furthermore, the activity of the biofilm on savageness and artificialness filling surface in the projection demonstration riverway were also analyses.

本人在总结前人研究的基础上，结合国家重大科技专项——苏州城市水环境质量改善与综合示范项目，研究了不同填料基质、填充率、曝气量、水力负荷条件下生物填料对苏州城市重污染河道水质的改善效果；木炭填料吸附、截留作用对水体污染物去除能力及其反硝化脱氮能力；分析了项目示范区河道内天然填料及人工填料挂膜成熟的生物膜活性。

In August,there are obvious changes among different treatments under soil water stressconditions. Vs, and Vs/Va obviously raised while Va reduced, and tissue water contentalso changed. Comparing with that in July, water content of leaves in differenttreatments in August decreased by 18.06%, 2.57%, 4.82% and 9.94%, respectively.In August and September, diurnal average Tr under different treatments (light,medium, heavy and no soil water stress conditions ) are 80.90 mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)、76.37mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)、65.46 mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)、42.11 mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1) and 40.60mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)、33.92 mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)、30.44 mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)、23.29 mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1),respectively. It shows that the Tr of Atriplex canescens leaves takes a tendency ofdeclining under long-term soil water stress conditions.

随着土壤水分胁迫时间延长到8月份，各处理间相比发生了显著变化，其中Vs、Vs／Va显著升高，Va的降低，而组织含水量也发生了显著的变化；8月份各处理间(无土壤水分胁迫、轻度土壤水分胁迫、中度土壤水分胁迫和重度水分胁迫)与7月份相比叶片含水量分别降低了18.06％、2.57％、4.82％、9.94％；在8月份和9月份轻度土壤水分胁迫、中度土壤水分胁迫、重度土壤水分胁迫和无土壤水分胁迫的Tr的日均值分别为80.90 molh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)、76.37mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)、65.46 mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)、42.11 mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)和40.60 molh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)、33.92 mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)、30.44 mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)、23.29 mmolh_2Om~(-2)s~(-1)，说明四翅滨藜在长期的土壤水分胁迫胁迫下叶片的蒸腾速率呈现出下降的趋势。

The study shows:(1) the generation of sulphur-bearing gas is controlled by the formation water;(2) the present distribution of hydrogen sulphide is the result of the segregation of water and gas, and it is also influenced by the heterogeneity of reservoirs;(3) the limited distribution of formation water is an important mechanism for forming gas fields of low sulphur content in China.

该问题的研究说明：①靖边气田含硫天然气生成过程始终受地层水控制；②现今硫化氢分布是气水分离结果，并受储层非均质限制；③揭示地层水体分布的局限性可能是形成我国低含硫气田的一个重要机制。

There are various ways of putting moisture into a piece, and the usual machine for doing this consists either of nozzles from which water is blown by pressure as a fine spray on to the face of the moving piece, or of a brush revolving at high speed in a self-filling trough of water, thus throwing drops or water on to the piece as it passes by.

有多种方式为布匹给湿。通常机器会有一个喷嘴，让水受压后以一种合适的方式喷向布匹并使其移动，或者拥有一个自我充水的高速旋转刷，当布匹经过时喷洒水珠。

Taking a winter wheat field (4 400 m2) of Jinghai county seed farm as experimental plot,sampling by regular grid with with 10 m ×10 m grids,48 sample points were oriented by GPS receipt machine to analyze soil water content at the depth of 0~20 and 20~40 cm in pri-winter,jointing stage and filling stage of winter wheat.The spatial distribution map of soil water of the winter wheat field using geostatistical analyst model of ARC/INFO was drew.And the spatial variability of soil water in vertical and horizontal direction was analyzed.The results could offer scientific evidence for the deciding of the exact time and quantity for winter irrigation.

以天津市静海县良种场内一块长约110m，宽约40m的冬小麦田作为试验区，采用规则格网采样，按照10 m ×10m设置格网，共设48个采样点，通过GPS手持机进行定位，分别于小麦越冬前、拔节期、灌浆期，利用便携式土壤湿度数据采集器对试验地各个采样点0~20、20~40 cm 2种深度土壤含水量进行了测定，利用ARC/INFO的地统计分析模块绘制了冬小麦3个不同生育期试验区土壤水分空间分布图，并分析了其垂直和水平方向的空间变异特征，以期为确定最佳灌溉时机和灌溉量提供科学依据。

Just as I had set my Mast and Sail, and the Boat began to stretch away, I saw even by the Clearness of the Water, some Alteration of the Current was near; for where the Current was so strong, the Water was foul; but perceiving the Water clear, I found the Current abate, and presently I found to the East, at about half a Mile, a Breach of the Sea upon some Rocks; these Rocks I found caus'd the Current to part again, and as the main Stress of it ran away more Southerly, leaving the Rocks to the North-East; so the other return'd by the Repulse of the Rocks, and made a strong Eddy, which run back again to the North-West, with a very sharp Stream.

我刚竖起桅杆张好帜，船就开始向前行驶了。我发现四周水色较清，知道那股急流在附近改变了方向。因为，水急水则浊，水缓水则清，我知道那股急流在这儿已成了强弩之末了。不久我果然发现，在半海里以外，海水打在一些礁石上，浪花四溅。那些礁石把这股急流分成两股，主要的一股继续流向南方，另一股被礁石挡回，形成一股强烈的回流，向西北流回来，水流湍急。

The theories proposed by Wilson (1994) were adopted to describe the fundamental behaviors of temperature and variation of suction of soil. The Darcy's law and Pick's law described the flows and evaporation of water respectively. Some proposed assumptions including the characteristic curve of volumetric water content and hydraulic conductivity were only related to the suction of unsaturated soil. The coefficient of latent heat for water was a linear function of temperature; and the heat conductivity was calculated according to the equation proposed by De Vries.

对于土体的温度和吸力变化特征，采用Wilson提出的理论加以描述，在此理论中，分别利用Darcy和Fick定律描述水和蒸汽的流动规律，土水特征曲线和水力传导系数假定仅仅相关于非饱和土吸力，水的潜热系数是温度的线性函数，温度传导系数采用De Vries建议方程加以计算。

The previous researches have been done experiments mostly in the Water tank. In order to simulate turbulence of flow in river and research its characteristics, the characteristics of turbulence are studied by experiments in the water channel with ADV technique. The research results indicate that R.M.S. velocity linearly relates to the oscillating-grid frequency; R.M.S. velocity decays by power exponent relates to the distance from the grid midplane; and the relationship between the geometrical factors and the free movement space of water is direct proportion.

以往研究大都在水箱中对振动格栅紊流特性进行实验研究，为能模拟天然河道中的紊流，研究天然河道中紊流特性，利用ADV技术在水槽中对振动格栅紊流进行了实验研究研究结果表明：均方根速度与格栅振动频率成线性关系；均方根速度与距格栅中平面的距离成幂指数关系衰减；几何系数与水的自由运动空间成正比关系。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。