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paradox rule is no.201 item of wittgenstein's philosophical research which focuses on the relationship between the rule and the action. represented by bloor who takes paradox rules on the conduct of the suspected interpretation,ssk in a suspected interpretation thinks that the community assumpsit and benefits decide the consistency of action and rules. while represented by lynch who takes paradox rules on the conduct of the anti-interpretation of skepticism,post-ssk thinks that the rule is inherent of practice.

摘 要：规则悖论是维特根斯坦《哲学研究》的第二百零一条，主要讨论规则和行动的关系问题。ssk以布鲁尔为代表对规则悖论进行了怀疑式的解读，认为社会约定和利益决定了规则和行动的一致性；而后ssk以林奇为代表对规则悖论进行了反怀疑论的解读，认为规则内在于实践。

In these portion,the article begins the study of tone sandhi from the point view of two-character phrases and three-character phrases,which is also the focus and difficult point as well.On the basis of substantial materials of Dingzhou dialect,the author elaborates its rules and principles of tone sandhi of the general phrases and those with light tones,and reiterative location.the author puts his views as follows: 1.The rules of tone sandhi of two- character phrase are simple and unitive. 2.The complex of the phrase with light tones lies in the combination of the first tone and light tone.In the case,there are two different pronunciations in Dingzhou dialect.The author guesses it is the coexist of ancient pronunciations and common spoken Chinese. 3.The tone sandhi of general three-character phrases on the basis of the rules of that of two- character phrases,using the grammar structure of the three-character phrases as the restricted conduction,which function jointly. 4.The rules of tone sandhi of three- character phrases with light tones are restricted only by that of the two- character phrases with light tones and thus are foreign to grammar structure. 5.The tone sandhi of the words with reiterative location has their own system.

这两章中，作者采用直接调查法，社会语言学方法分别从一般字组、含轻声字组和叠音词字组三个方面对定州方言连读变调进行详尽地描写，文章中既有对连读变调的共时性描写，也有对连读变调历时性推测，总的来讲笔者认为定州方言变调具有一定的系统性，主要表现在以下几个方面：两字组连读变调规律简单统一，含轻声字两字组内部规律较为复杂，但是具有很强的一致性；定州方言含轻声两字组变调的复杂性主要表现在阴平+轻声的组合中，在这种情况下，定州方言有两种读音方式，推测它是语音存古现象和普通话语音并存的结果；一般三字组连读变调以两字组连读变调规律为基础，以三字组的语法结构为制约条件，二者共同发生作用；轻声三字组变调规律只受轻声两字组变调规律的制约，与语法结构无关；叠音词的变调规律自成系统。

The five characteristics of the system are exploiting the ordered decomposition of problems in the structure of networks; using the Hasse graph to map the transfer network to the field of real numbers homomorphically; distinguishing the production rules as strong rules and weak rules; using the method of scheduling among stations to balance the search by weak rules in every station; searching in the best-first way both in the large and in the small, but with the different aims respectively, which can be regarded as a BF′-BF strategy in which the macro guides the micro.

该系统有五个特点：利用了一种网络结构的有序分解；采用Hasse图将中转站网络同态地映射到实数域上；将产生式规则区分为强规则和弱规则；采用站间调度的方法系统地平衡了各站弱规则的搜索；全局和局部都为最佳优搜索，只是目标指向不一样，是一种宏观引导微观的BF′-BF混合策略。

The property rights of rural land are not protected by laws. Nor are they protected by Property Rules , Liability Rules , or even Inalienability Rules.

这种制度安排使农地产权成为一种失去法律防护的权利，它既不能依据财产规则来保护，也不能以责任规则来保护，甚至不能得到"不可转让规则"的保护。

The osmotic coefficients and saturated vapor pressures have been calculated at the different temperatures .The experimental values of the osmotic coefficients for the Li_2SO_4-H_2O system were consistent with the values in the references. The results revealed the rules of the changing in osmotic coefficients and saturated vapor pressures with ion strengths and the molality fractions of Li_2B_4O_7 at different temperatures. The isopiestic equilibrium molalities were correlated by using the modified and the extended Zdanovskii rules for non-ideal mixtures, and obey well the Zdanovskii rules. The ion interaction parameters of Pitzer model have been determined by using the two methods for Li_2SO_4-Li_2B_4O_7-H_2O at 298.15K system.

本文计算了不同温度下该纯盐体系和混合盐体系的渗透系数和饱和蒸汽压，并将298.15K下的纯盐溶液渗透系数的实验值与文献值进行比较，取得了相一致的结果；揭示了不同温度下渗透系数和饱和蒸汽压随离子强度及Li_2B_4O_7质量摩尔浓度分数yb的变化规律；本文用Zdanovskii规则修正式和扩展式关联了298.15K下该混合盐体系的等压平衡浓度之间的关系，计算结果表明用这两个方程可以描述该体系在全浓度范围内的等压平衡浓度间的关系。

The goal of cities which try to be creative is to create conditions which are open enough so urban decision makers can: Rethink potential such as turning waste into a commercial resource; revalue hidden assets such as discovering historic traditions that can be turned into a new product; reconceive and remeasure assets such as understanding that developing social capital also generates wealth; reignite passion for the city by for example developing programmes so people can learn to love their city; rekindle the desire for learning and entrepreneurship by for instance creating learning modules much more in tune with young peoples' desires; reinvest in your talent by not only importing outside talent but fostering local talent; reassess what creativity for your city actually is by being honest about your obstacles and looking at your cultural resources afresh; realign rules and incentives to your new vision rather than seeing your vision as being determined by existing rules; reconfigure, reposition and represent where your city stands and by knitting the threads together to retell your urban story that galvanises citizens to act.

城市发挥创意的目的在於，创造足够开放的情境，让城市决策人士能够做到如下的事项：重新思考各项潜在可能，例如将垃圾转化成商机；重新赋予隐性资源价值，例如将历史传统转化为新的产品；重新构想、衡量资源，例如认知到发展社会资源，同时也能造就财富；重新点燃城市的热情，例如策划活动，让大家学习爱自己的城市；重新挑起学习与创新的欲望，例如设计学习模式，贴近年轻人的脉动；重新投资自己的人才，不要只是依赖外国人才，而是培养在地人才；则新评估自己城市的创意为何，例如诚实面对自己的障碍，并从新鲜的角度来看待自己的文化资源；重新整合规范、动机，运用新的视野，而非被动受限於既定规范；重新装配、定位、呈现自己城市的现状，编织自己的都会故事，重新诉说，驱使市民采取行动。

Because the data categoricalness rules of architecture products are embodied in theCADM described by IDEF1X, the data categoricalness rules are directly established according to the relationship, which is described by the IDEF1X, among the data entity of CADM described by the IDEF1X. Then every item of data which is in the form of CADM criterion and stored in the database is checked according to the categoricalness rules, so that the data categoricalness of C~4ISR system architecture is executed.3. The verification methods of system accessibility based on CADM are studied.

2研究了基于CADM的数据完备性验证方法由于体系结构产品中数据元素的完备性规则已经完全表现在用IDEF1X描述的CADM模型中，所以论文根据IDEF1X对CADM数据实体之间关系的描述，直接建立了数据元素的完备性规则，然后根据完备性规则对以CADM规范存放在数据库中的每条数据进行检查，以此对C~4ISR系统体系结构数据进行完备性验证。

Pollan's rules are good, and it is one thing to eat by his rules, but making our environment such that people can live by the rules is not always easy.

Pollan 的建议是正确的，不过按他的方法吃饭是一回事，而要改变我们的环境，以使人们可以按这种方式生活并不容易。

As a user, he or she can only choice rules for reasoning, can't add rules for reasoning If some new rules want be used for reasoning, the software developer must recode the software But it' impossible for users The thought is very fascinating that users can add some new rules for reasoning but the software doesn't need be recoded, not only for users, but also for the software developer This technology can make computers reasoning more powerfully, or reasoning more quickly by some new rules be used, and it can be adjusted for different teaching books, and it can become perfect itself.

让用户能够向软件添加自己所需要的推理规则而无须修改程序，对用户和开发者都是非常有吸引力的想法。这使得计算机能利用新规则或定理证明更多的题目或能更快的证明题目，并且能更好地适应不同特色的教学用书，从而使软件在自动解题方面能不断完善。从理论上说，由用户添加推理规则并非难题。但要想用起来方便，推理快捷，却不容易。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。