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In the Civil Law Family,the collateral guarantor'srights of defense mainly are related to the invalidity of the underlying contract,the revocability of the underlying contract,the right of offset,the concurrentconditions,"Einrede der Unsicherkei",the invalidity of the guarantee contract.the period of validity,the special terms of immunity from the guarantor's liabilityand beneficiam excussionis.Under the case law of the Common Law Family,thesituations in which the collateral guarantor can claim the rights of defense mainlyinclude the situation of non-fulfillment of the guarantee condition,the situationrelated to the extent of guarantor's liability,the situation under which the creditordidn't perform his obligations,the situation related to the appropriation ofpayments,the situations related to fulfillment of purpose of guarantee,thesituation related to the creditor's laches,the situation related to the loss ofsecurities held by the creditor,the situation related to the discharge of theprincipal debtor,the situation related to the creditor connivance in the default ofthe principal,the situation related to the discharge arising by operation of law andthe situation related to the fiduciary duty.

大陆法系中，从属保证人对债权人的抗辩权主要有：主债务无效抗辩权、主债务可撤销抗辩权、抵销抗辩权、同时履行抗辩权、不安抗辩权、保证合同无效抗辩权、保证期间抗辩权、特殊免责抗辩权以及先诉抗辩权等；根据英美法系国家的判例法，从属保证人能够主张抗辩权的情形主要有：保证责任条件不成就的抗辩、关于保证责任范围的抗辩、债权人不履行义务的抗辩、关于债务清偿分配的抗辩、保证目的已实现的抗辩、关于债权人懈怠的抗辩、关于债权人享有的担保权益丧失的抗辩、债务人的债务免除抗辩、债权人对债务人违约纵容的抗辩、法律适用导致保证责任解除的抗辩、就信托义务原则提出的抗辩。

Any physical and property damage caused by product deficiency should be accounted for as an interference of civil rights, and thus compensated by producers as the mair body as well as sellers on condition that they err in it.

其引起的损害赔偿责任为民事侵权责任，以对产品之外的人身或财产有损害为构成要件。承担责任的方式为民事赔偿，主体是生产者，销售者只有在有过错的情况下才承担责任。

It is a constitutional republic ,"in which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law ."

这是一个共和国宪法"中，多数人统治是锻炼了少数人的权利受法律保护。"

Client service information more information about your rights and obligations, including our client service charter and how to make a compliment, complaint or suggestion, is included in the client service information contacting the department you can contact us with a general enquiry in a number of ways including by email, through our website, by telephone through our contact centres or offices around the world, or in person.

客户服务信息更多关于您的权利和义务，与对我们客户服务章程的有点，投诉或建议，请查询客户服务信息联络我们如有问题，你可以通过我们网站的email与我们联系，或者通过世界各地办事处和联络中心进行电话咨询或人工服务。

The Commission chose to cede Memel to Lithuania and give the area autonomous rights. This decision was approved by the League Council on 14 March 1924 and then by the Allied Powers and Lithuania.

委员会决定将梅梅尔割让给立陶宛，并允许该地区拥有自治权。1924年3月14日，联盟理事会通过了该项决议，之后协约国和立陶宛也分别接受了这项决定。

The first one is capital barrier, which means a large amount of initial capital for the perfect monopolizer. This prevents the common enterprise from entrance. The second is the technical barrier, i.e. the monopolizer is in control of certain technology and knack while other enterprises not, and then the market naturally become a monopoly market. Scale economy is the most studied technical barrier. The third one is law barrier, i.e. some exclusive patent rights are protected by the law. For example, patent and copyright are the monopolizations protected by the law. The fourth one is tactic barrier, even without any of the above mentioned barriers; it can also set up barriers through other ways, such as huge amount of advertisement investment.

首先是资本壁垒，即完全垄断企业的起始资本量很大，因此一般的企业难以进入；其次是技术性壁垒，即垄断者掌握了某种生产技术和诀窍，其他企业则没有，这个市场也就自然成了垄断市场，规模经济是一种被研究得最多的技术性壁垒；第三是法律壁垒，有些独家经营的特权是由法律所规定并受到法律保护的，专利和版权就是法律特许的垄断；第四是策略性壁垒，企业即使没有上述三种壁垒，也可以通过其他方式高筑壁垒，例如巨额广告投入。

The article also cited 河南文化产业网 www.henanci.com,(an official investigative and research website) as stating that the mounting death of Foxconn's employees is caused by their living in constant overstrung stress perpetuated by the excessively demanding management - in addition to the factory's notorious disregard for employees' basic rights.

河南文化产业网报导，对於员工意外死亡，外界诟病最多的是富士康的管理体制，大多认为是因为管理问题导致员工压力过大，不注重员工权利导致员工自杀身亡

Every corporation may issue 1 or more classes of stock or 1 or more series of stock within any class thereof, any or all of which classes may be of stock with par value or stock without par value and which classes or series may have such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated and expressed in the certificate of incorporation or of any amendment thereto, or in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such stock adopted by the board of directors pursuant to authority expressly vested in it by the provisions of its certificate of incorporation.

每家公司均可发行一个或多个类别的股票，也可发行任何类别股票的一个或多个系列。任何或所有类别的股票可以有面值，也可以无面值，并且这些类别或系列的股票可以有完全或有限的投票权，或者没有投票权，并且还可以有名称、优先权以及相对的、参与性的、可选的或其他特别的权利以及对股票的限定、限制或约束，上述各项应载列表述在注册成立证书或对其的任何变更中，或者董事会依据公司注册成立证书中的规定向其明确授权的权限通过的、规定了股票发行的一项或多项决议中。

By deciding and balancing the rights involved in a case,the judiciaries realize,materialize and particularize the initial distribution of social power made by the legislature.

司法者通过对个案中具体权利的决断与平衡，将立法者对社会权力所做的初次分配现实化、具体化、个别化。

In fact,these characteristics are relevant to the special traditional culture background and geographic environment in England,and it is well testified by the development of the early history in England,no matter by the Magna carya,Petition of Right,Habeas Corpus Act,or the Bill of Rights.

这与英国特殊的传统文化背景及地理环境有关系。从《自由大宪章》开始，到《权利请愿书》、《人身保护法》，再到《权利法案》，英国人权的早期历史发展状况，正证明了这一点。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。