查询词典 by rights

Human rights subject is limited in classical theories and evolving of the notion of hu—man rights subject ramifies the establishment of theory of universal subject,Legal person,as the fictional branch law subject which obtains the indemnification of human rights under constitution,expands the characteristic of human rights subject from life to personality,and theinternationalization of human rights makes collective versus individual the human rights subject under international law.

在古典人权理论中人权主体是有限的。现代人权理论中，人权的普遍性首先指主体的普遍性。法人所以成为人权主体，一则因之其权利为宪法意义上的权利；二则因之其保障方式为宪法诉讼方式。人权的国际化使集体成为特别的人权主体。

Because of the low efficiency of economy collectivization, collective property rights can"t last for a long time and central government has to communicate with community and peasants. Rural community collective property rights become subjective through balancing benefits by formal or informal trading. With the changes of political and economical environment, the contradiction of rural community property rights between fair and efficiency become more and more serious. Collective lands and collective enterprises advance to privatization gradually. There are two kinds of country collective property rights in the history of its evolution, one offer community common good and the other satisfy peasants" private demand. The collective property rights institution improvement brings efficiency because it privatizes the latter. Because of the limit of industrialization and civilization, land is still the last social welfare of peasants, so rural community must attain the collective property rights to control the pressure of population. Also community has to get money from collective economy.

本文分析的思路是；由于制度变迁的&路径依赖&，农村社区之间的利益分配边界在解放以后得以保持并在集体化过程中得到加强，为社区获得排他性集体产权奠定了基础；由于国家对农村经济的集体化效率极低而不可能长期维持，国家不得不与社区和农民对话，通过正式或非正式的交易平衡多方利益，社区集体产权获得实质性内容；随着政治、经济等环境的不断变化，社区集体产权公平与效率之间的矛盾同益明显，集体土地和集体企业逐渐朝私有化的方向发展；从农村社区集体产权制度变迁的历史来看，集体产权实际上包含两种形式：提供社区公共物品和满足社区农民个人需求，每一次集体产权的制度创新，都是使后者&私有化&而提高了集体经济的效率；但是，受我国工业化和城市化进程缓慢的制约，土地依然是农民最后的生存保障，农村社区必须保持对土地的集体产权以调节人口变化对土地的压力，社区组织行使职能也必须有一定的集体经济提供资金支持。

From now on, all property rights including property rights will be free gift spouse, parent, child, grandparent, grandparents, grandchildren, grandson, daughter, brother and sisters; housing housing property owners will be free gifts directly dependent on its commitment to the maintenance or obligations or the maintenance of dependents; and housing property rights of all deaths, according to the legal heirs to obtain property rights, wills and other heir or legatee three cases of property rights free gift, to the parties not to collect personal income tax.

今后，包括房屋产权所有人将房屋产权无偿赠与配偶、父母、子女、祖父母、外祖父母、孙子女、外孙子女、兄弟姐妹；房屋产权所有人将房屋产权无偿赠与对其承担直接抚养或者赡养义务的抚养人或者赡养人；房屋产权所有人死亡，依法取得房屋产权的法定继承人、遗嘱继承人或者受遗赠人等三种情形的房屋产权无偿赠与，可对当事双方不征收个人所得税。

At present narrow nationalism and totalitarianism are hampering the right understanding of human rights. At the same time too dependent on national public power is becoming one basic feature in understanding human rights among the third world. It results from a misbelief that the state has the sole power to provide human rights protection. These misunderstandings will do great harm to human rights theoretically and in practice. So to reaffirm the leading spirits of human rights is quite necessary.

时下，狭隘的民族主义与极权主义正日益侵蚀着多数第三世界国家对人权作出正确理解的能力，与此同时，对公共权力的过分依赖也逐渐成为这些国家人权观念的一部分，它源于那种将整个国家置于单一目标之下的危险意识形态，其结果是人权与民族国家间的固有矛盾被悄然消解，这种状况给人权理论与实践带来的危险是显而易见的。

The positive test draws the following conclusions: control rights is significantly negatively related with firm value which indicates that the bigger control rights the actual controller hold, the lower firm value is; cash flow rights is significantly negatively related with firm value which may due to the ravening share bonus deeds by controlling shareholder; the separation ratio of cash flow rights to control rights is negatively related with firm value and not significant which may due to the ravening share bonus deeds,or the deficient market, or inadequate information exposure etc; stock proportion restriction is significantly positive related with firm value which indicates the good effect of stock proportion restriction; actual controller who participate in the management and the ratio of director who have position in controlling shareholder's company don't pass the significant test; the size of the company is significantly negatively related with firm value; the ROE cannot explain the firm value.

通过实证检验发现，我国金字塔结构下民营上市公司的治理效应有以下特征：控制权与公司价值显著负相关，说明实际控制人掌握的控制权越大，公司价值越低；现金流权与公司价值显著负相关，这可能与我国民营上市公司控股股东的"掠夺性分红"行为有关；现金流权与控制权的分离率和公司价值负相关且未通过显著性检验，这可能与控股股东的"掠夺性分红"行为有关，也可能与市场的不完善、信息披露的不充分等有关；股权制衡度与公司价值显著正相关，说明我国民营上市公司的股权制衡机制能够产生一定程度的效果；实际控制人参与管理情况与在控股股东单位任职的董事比例和公司价值的关系均未通过显著性检验；公司规模与公司价值显著负相关；ROE对公司价值没有解释力。

Constructing harmonious society must eliminate disharmonic phenomena,rights poverty is the fountain factor that causes disharmony.most disharmony were caused by rights poverty,There exists a rise and ebb relationship between rights poverty and harmonious society,eliminating rights poverty is the fundamental way of constructing harmonious society,and constructing harmonious society is the effective measure of eliminating rights poverty.

构建和谐社会必须消除不和谐现象，权利贫困是造成社会不和谐的本源性因素，许多不和谐现象都是由权利贫困引起的。权利贫困与和谐社会之间存在着彼此消长的关系，消除权利贫困是构建和谐社会的根本途径，构建和谐社会是消除权利贫困的有效措施。

And the suggestion is that this system needs to be newly constructed from the following aspects: Firstly, immigration right must be added into the Constitution to guarantee the legal basis on what the rights of immigration system established; Secondly, the formulation of a unified China immigration laws change the current unified legal system; Thirdly, improve relief measures of the rights of immigration both from the public and private aspects; Fourthly, to establish a new unified border security inspection department for private business, to optimize the original setup of the department and to recon figurate the powers and rights; Fifthly, the restrictions on the discretion of the executive and administrative areas, stress the right immigration's central authority attribution All in all, the text begins with the basic contents of human rights of immigration, bases itself on the theoretical framework of human rights, adopts a historical point of view and vertical and horizontal comparative study methods, fully inspects and discusses other countries and regions'immigration system, critically scrutinizes the immigration-related regulations in China's the immigration system, and tries to build a immigration system theory and practice system that complies with China's practical circumstances by using constructive thinking and facilitates actual operation.

总而言之，该文从通行权作为人权的基本内容出发，以人权为理论框架背景，立足于历史角度，采用纵向和横向比较研究的方法，在充分考察和讨论其他国家和地区出入境通行权制度的基础上，批判性的看待中国现在的出入境制度中关于出入境通行权的相关规定，并试图以建设性的思维试图构建起符合中国国情的出入境通行权的理论体系和实践体系，便于实践操作。

Analyzing the reality of the conflict betweent the rights of the minority and those of the majority, as a result of taking place of the conflict betweent the rights of the minority and those of the majority is limitation of human resource and the immoralism of the rights of the minority by the minority being obedient to the majority and absurdity of deploying rights by domestic law,the essence of the conflict betweent the rights of the minority and those of the majority is interest conflict and conflict betweent right and power and value conflict .

从历史上与现实社会中少数人与多数人权利冲突的现象来分析，资源的有限性、&多数原则&对少数人权利的漠视、国内法配置权利的不合理性是导致少数人与多数人权利冲突发生的原因；从历史上与现实社会中少数人与多数人权利冲突的现象来分析，少数人与多数人权利冲突的本质是利益冲突、权利与权力的冲突和价值冲突。

At present, people gradually realize that all kinds of human rights as integrity has mutual relation, liberal rights and social right are not two insolated right, and one could not been protected through separating oneself from another. So, judicial remedy of social rights included class action, social interpretation about civil and citizen rights as well as factual judicial protection of social rights by affirmative action has been generated in some countries and regions.

目前，人们逐渐认识到作为整体的人的各种权利具有相互关联性，自由权与社会权不是孤立的两类存在，无法脱离其中的一类权利来抽象地保护另一类权利，于是，一些国家和地区在可能的范围内发展了社会权的司法救济，包括集体申诉制度、对公民和政治权利的社会性解释、通过肯定性救济手段给予社会权利以事实上的司法保护与公益诉讼等形式。

If it transfers parts of the rights and interests of the mining area, in the light of the proportion between the fair value of the transferred rights and interests and the fair value of the retained rights and interests, it shall calculate and determine the book value of the transferred portion of rights and interests of the mining area, and the difference between the transfer income and the book value of the transferred rights and interests of the mining area shall be recorded in the profits and losses of the current period.

转让部分探明矿区权益的，按照转让权益和保留权益的公允价值比例，计算确定已转让部分矿区权益账面价值，转让所得与已转让矿区权益账面价值的差额计入当期损益。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48