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From the management aim made by the form of managing with law in Ming Hui Code, to the thought of severe punishment in Ming Great Law and Ming Great Admonition, to the proper adjust of lawmaking suited to the society and treating the official clemently, we can see that Ming Dynasty racks the minds scheming the methods of managing the officials .But corruption was the appraisal of Ming Dynasty of afterworld . During the whole period of Ming Dynasty especially the later stage , corruption was widely. The political factor and culture factor were the most important reason .Value view of government behalf incorporation .Economical behalf is obtained not by economical means ,but by political ones, which is not a,normal state .

从《明会典》以行政法典的形式来确立吏治目标，到《大明律》、《明大诰》重典治吏思想的提出，到明中后期《问刑条例》因时立法、情法适中、宽厚待吏的适时调整，明代统治集团在整肃吏治上可谓费尽心机，但腐败始终被后人看作明代官场的最后鉴定，整个明代尤其是中后期，贪风日盛、贿赂公行，究其原因，社会总体机制下制度性因素和文化因素是最根本的，那就是中国传统的官利一体化的价值观，当官与发财是划等号的，经济利益不是通过经济方式而是通过政治方式来解决，这本身就是一种不正常的社会状态。

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

In order to improve the reliability of the nuclear Generating Sets and the stabilization of the power system, prevent the long time low frequency oscillation caused by the disturbed of the outside electrical net, assured improving the stabilization margin of the nuclear generating sets in the precondition of enough transient stability, validate the sensitivity of the parameter to the damping of Generating Sets of the MEC5220 digital excitation adjustor produce in Japan that used in the Second Project of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, confirm the parameter rationality of the digital excitation adjustor, optimize the parameter of PSS, in this paper, we put up a in-depth study to the principle of MEC5220 digital adjustor produce in Japan by the PSS/E software that develop by the PTI Company in the USA, completed the modeling of the excitation adjustor, PSS, generator, excitor, described the performance of this excitation adjustor, analyzed the essential reason that caused the low frequency oscillation, illuminated the factor that influence the damping characteristic of the MEC5220 digital excitation adjustor. Based on model and emulate, this paper optimized the primary parameter of the excitation adjustor, make a reasonable regulation to the PSS parameter.

为提高核电机组的运行可靠性和接入系统的安全稳定性，防止在外电网的干扰下核电机组发生长时间的低频振荡，保证机组在暂态稳定的前提下提高其稳定裕度，验证秦山核电二期核电机组所配日产MEC5220型数字式励磁调节器参数对机组阻尼的灵敏性，确定数字式励磁调节器的参数的合理性，优化PSS整定参数，本文利用美国PTI公司研发的PSS／E软件对日产MEC5220型数字调节器的原理进行进行了深入细化的研究，完成了励磁调节器、PSS、发电机、励磁机的建模，描述了该型励磁调节器的性能，分析了产生低频振荡的根本原因，阐明了影响阻尼特性的因素。

If damages are awarded at first instance by a court of competent jurisdiction in Hong Kong (or on appeal therefrom either to a superior court in Hong Kong or to the Final Court of Appeal ) in respect of death or bodily injury arising out of the use of a motor vehicle on a road in circumstances where the liability is required to be covered by insurance under the Motor Vehicles Insurance Ordinance, and such damages, or any part of them, remain unpaid twenty-eight days after the judgment becomes enforceable for any reason other than an insurance becoming ineffective due to insolvency of the Insurer, then, subject to the provisions of the Agreement, the Bureau will pay the unrecovered amount (including any interest awarded by the court and taxed costs) to the person in whose favour the judgment has been given, against an assignment of the judgment debt.

2依据〈汽车保险条例〉任何人仕如被道路上使用的汽车导致身体损伤或死亡，并经由香港法院初审判获赔偿（若属上诉案件，经由上诉庭或终审法院判定赔偿），而该损失或部分损失在判决生效后廿八天内，基於任何原因，仍未能偿付者（因保险人破产而导致保险失效者除外），本局便会依照与政府订定的协议，在应负的有关法律责任内，向索偿者支付判定的全部或余下款项（其中包括法庭裁定的利息及堂费支出）。

By investigating Euler\'s application of variational mathematics to mechanics, especially his principle of least action,the mechanics background of his research and its influence on Lagrange are revealed.6.By the discussion of Lagrange\'s innovation and generalization of the calculus of variations,the reason why Lagrange puts forward his method of variation by comparing Euler\'s method is explained.

深入细致地分析了拉格朗日对变(来源：ABC论文2d网www.abclunwen.com)分法所做的变革和发展：(1)通过比较欧拉方法和拉格朗日方法，探讨了拉格朗日变分方法——δ-方法提出的动因；(2)详细论述了拉格朗日早期对变分法发展所作的重要贡献；(3)探究了拉格朗日δ-方法由非参数形式向参数形式转变的原因。7。

Article 34 In the case of failure to verify and write off or endorse the re-exportation of goods temporarily imported under any carnet by the customs office in China for any reason, the ATA Verification and Write-off Center shall verify and write off the ATA carnet upon the strength of endorsement on the ATA carnet by the customs authority of any other contracting state which certifies that importation or re-importation of this batch of goods, or other documents acknowledged by the customs office in China which can certify that this batch of goods has already left China indeed, as certifications which certify that the goods have been re-exported from China.

第三十四条 ATA单证册项下暂时进境货物复运出境时，因故未经我国海关核销、签注的，ATA核销中心凭由另一缔约国海关在ATA单证上签注的该批货物从该国进境或者复运进境的证明，或者我国海关认可的能够证明该批货物已经实际离开我国境内的其它文件，作为已经从我国复运出境的证明，对ATA单证册予以核销。

The results show that the microstructures of these three kinds of coating are different from those of the matrix (20 steel). The wear resistance of the flame spray coating is 4. 9 times that of the matrix. This is caused by the existance of hard noncrystal microparticals. The wear resistance of the coating by flame spray welding is 6. 3 times that of the matrix. The reason is that the fine crystal grains can be formed and the solution strengthening, dispersion hardening can be induced by these alloy elements. The resistance of the laser remelt coating is 8. 8 times that of the matrix. This is due to the solution strengthening, dispersion hardening and the existence of very hard dendritic crystal, eutectic and martensite in the microstructure.

作者指出，喷涂层由于层内有一定数量高硬度的合金非晶质点存在，其耐磨性是钢基体的4.9倍；喷熔层内合金晶化产生的晶粒细小，合金元素能起固溶强化作用，也能生成化合物产生弥散硬化作用，故此耐磨性是钢基体的6.3倍；激光涂敷层除所含合金元素产生的固溶强化和弥散硬化作用外，表层组织为高硬度的枝晶+共晶和马氏体，故其耐磨性是钢基体的8.8倍。

This thesis presents a review of Schopenhauerism from the subjectivity point of view. By assigning the irrational will as the subject, Schopenhauerism changes the nature of subjectivity, and transfers the rational subjectivity guided by rational factors to the will subjectivity guided by the irrational factors. That makes for the harmonious development of subjectivity under both rational and irrational effect, therefore effectively keeps the subjectivity from swelling as might result from the mounting of the power of reason, thus illuminates a new way for the development of the thought of subjectivity.

本文从主体性思想的角度，考察了叔本华哲学，认为叔本华通过把非理性的意志确立为主体，转变了主体性的性质，把原本以理性为主导因素的理性主体性转变成了以非理性因素为主导的意志主体性，使主体性在理性和非理性的共同作用下协调发展，有效地避免了因理性力量的增长而导致的主体性膨胀，从而为已濒临绝境的主体性思想指出了新的发展方向。

All attempts to influence it by temporal punishments or burthens, or by civil incapacitations, tend only to beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness, and are a departure from the plan of the Holy Author of our religion, who, being Lord both of body and mind, yet chose not to propagate it by coercions on either, as was in his Almighty power to do, but to exalt it by its influence on reason alone.

所有试图通过世俗的惩罚，约束和剥夺去影响这一自由的企图，只会带来伪善和恶意，是对于我们宗教的神圣制定者的背离，作为我们身体和思想的主人拥有无上权威的造物主，他没有强制这两者去扩展他的教义，而是依靠理性这唯一的手段发扬光大它。

Among tragic novels,at first,by creating Unbalanced People,Hardy proved that at that time people were in division with society,nature,other people and theirselves,therefore,he made a new definition about """"people"""" and depicted the modern's basic outline:lonely,broken and pessimistic.Secondly,by courting persistently to """"Paganism Spirit"""",he not only criticized a great deal of drawbacks of Englightenment Modernityrdecrepit ethics,rigid reason,etc,but also drew the """"aesthetic""""prescription for the modern in predicament and called people to get back to t heir own existence,resume due status of perceptuality,impules and desire,etc.Thirdly,by profoundly conveying of pessimism,he revealed people's miserable situations under the violences of civilization and undependence after losing the God.Thus he refused the deformities of Enlightenment Modernity and enlightened people to look for new way of existence.At last,though dominated by realism,through the unique use of """"coincidence"""" and """"psychological depiction"""",his creation ,hi form,was somewhat similar with the modernism novels in the 20th century.

哈代在他创作的悲剧小说中，首先，通过对&非平衡性人物&的塑造，反映了当时的人们正处在与社会、自然、他人和自我的四重分裂状态中，由此他对&人&进行了重新的定义，描绘出了现代人的基本轮廓：孤独、破碎和悲观；其次，通过对&异教精神&的执着追求，他不仅批判了启蒙现代性的诸多弊端：衰朽的伦理道德、僵化的理性等等，同时，亦为困境中的现代人开出了&审美&的药方，呼唤人们回到自身的存在，恢复感性、冲动、欲望等的应有地位；第三，通过对&悲观主义&的深刻表达，他揭示了现代人的悲惨处境和失去上帝后的无所归依，从而拒绝了启蒙现代性的畸形规划，启示人们寻找新的存在之路；最后，虽然为现实主义所主宰，但通过&巧合&和&心理描写&手法的独特运用，他的创作又在形式上与20世纪的现代主义小说一脉相通。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。