查询词典 by nature

When he that has given no provocation to malice, but by attempting to excel, finds himself pursued by multitudes whom he never saw, with all the implacability of personal resentment; when he perceives clamour and malice let loose upon him as a public enemy, and incited by every stratagem of defamation; when he hears the misfortunes of his family, or the follies of his youth, exposed to the world; and every failure of conduct, or defect of nature, aggravated and ridiculed; he then learns to abhor those artifices at which he only laughed before, and discovers how much the happiness of life would be advanced by the eradication of envy from the human heart.

倘若遭妒忌者从不招惹怨恨，而只想凭真才实学超凡出众，那当他发现自己被一群他觉得与之并无不可化解之个人恩怨的民众纠缠之时，当他发现自己被种种诽谤伎俩煽动起来的铺天盖地的恶意丑化成社会公敌之时，当他得知自己家庭之不幸和少时的愚行而被公诸于众，自己所有的不端行为和性格缺陷都被夸大和嘲笑之时，他便能学会憎恶那些他此前只是一笑置之的伎俩，并发现若能从世人心中根除嫉妒，人们会怎样更多地感受生活之幸福。

When he that has given no provocation to malice, but by attempting to excel in some useful art, finds himself pursued by multitudes whom he never saw with implacability of personal resentment; when he perceives clamour and malice let loose upon him as a public enemy, and incited by every stratagem of defamation; when he hears the misfortunes of his family or the follies of his youth exposed to the world; and every failure of conduct, or defect of nature, aggravated and ridiculed; he then learns to abhor those artifices at which he only laughed before, and discovers how much the happiness of life would be advanced by the eradication of envy from the human heart.

当某人并无害人之心，只想在某个领域有所建树，却发现众多自己素昧平生之人义愤填膺；当他察觉自己深陷可畏人言和恶意攻击之中，成为全民公敌，并为每一次恶意中伤愤愤不平；当他听到家门不幸或年轻时的丑事被揭露在光天化日之下；每一次品行不端都被添油加醋和冷嘲热讽；此时，他就会对那些曾经一笑而过的伎俩深恶痛绝，并发现从人性根本上铲除妒忌之心以后，生活将会是何等幸福。

1St Week: A general introduction to the nature and contents of the course; an investigation of students' acquired knowledge of literature in general; a brief introduction to African-American literature 2nd and 3rd Weeks: Rediscovering an Invisible Culture (Why Black culture had been unknown and unobserved for several decades; how it came to be rediscovered ) 4th to 6th Weeks: Double Consciousness (the marginal perspective in Language, Oral Culture, Folklore and Religion); Reading representative works by three Black writers of racial consciousness: Douglass, Washington and Bu Bois 7th to 9th Weeks: Minstrelsy (Imitation, Parody and Travesty in Black-White interaction rituals 1830--1920); Reading the novel about the Black life: Uncle Tom's Cabin 10th to 12th Weeks: Social Mobility and Cultural Stigma: The case of Chicago Jazz 1920--1930; Reading poems by Hughes and novels by Wright 13th to 15th Weeks: Oral Tradition and the Quest for Literacy: The crisis of Black writers from Philips Wheatley to Ralph Ellison; Reading the masterpiece of Ellison 16th to 18th Weeks: Contemporary Afro-American Culture: the sixties and seventies (efforts on reconstructing the Black identiy and Black history); Reading novels by Morrison

第1周：介绍课程性质、内容，了解学生相关文学背景，简要概括黑人文学历史第2-3周：再现黑人文化（黑人文化长期被掩盖的事实和原因，重新被发现的原因和过程）第4-6周：双重意识（语言、吟唱文学、民俗民谣、宗教的边缘化），阅读黑人种族意识三代伟大启蒙家道格拉斯、华盛顿、杜波伊斯的代表作第7-9周：吟游文学（黑人与白人的文化互动过程中的模仿、戏仿、曲仿），阅读第一部反映黑人生活的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》第10-12周：社会动荡与文化耻辱（芝加哥爵士乐的兴起、流行和影响），阅读休斯和赖特的代表作第13-15周：口头文学传统与争取教育权利的斗争（从惠特利到埃里森的黑人作家危机），阅读拉尔夫·埃里森的代表作第16-18周：六、七十年代以来的美国黑人文化（重建身份和重建历史的努力），阅读莫里森的代表作每位参加该课程学习的学生均须严格出勤，按时完成学读任务，每学期主持两次小型（10分钟）学术报告，第一次针对老师推荐的作家作品做一个专题报告，第二次针对自己的学期研究计划做一个选题前瞻性和可行性报告。

Combined with (1)"The Five Competitive Forces analysis" proposed by Michel E, Porter (2)"Strategic matrix analysis" proposed by Dah-Hsian Seetoo,(3)"Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations" proposed by Ginter, Swayne and Duncan (1998), and (4)"The Nature of the Strategy" proposed by Se-Hwa Wu. This paper tries to combine these theoretical perspectives and highlights a normative model and it's details for industrial competitive analysis and strategy formulation. One side of academic aspect, we expect this model could generalize to apply to other industry as well as to health care industry. On the other side of practical aspect, we expect to offer CEO of hospital a more complete and fruitful framework for strategic and competitive analysis.

本文以国内外学者所提出不同观点的策略学说，应用於医疗产业分析，以往竞争策略架构的分析模式多引用Porter的五力分析，本文另从司徒达贤提出的策略矩阵分析法中之产业及策略分析构面来加以考量，加上Ginter，Swayne and Duncan(1998)之医疗管理分析模型及吴思华所提出的策略九说，使得在实务分析上更为完整，以期藉由此分析方式，提供医疗产业更丰富多元的思考模式。

For the models by MMFI is a nonlinear differential equation with variable coefficients and the 'nonlinearity' brings discommodiousness to analyse the nature and quantification of a control system, it applies brim linearization method to better MMFI. By transforming 'triangle wave' membership functions of the base elements into 'rectangle wave' membership functions, we get three models which represent different aspect respectively. By simulating second order system and analysing the errors of the results, a conclusion is drawn, that is, the model obtained by brim linearization method has a good precision in contrast with the real model.

由于模糊推理建模法得到的模型是变系数非线性微分方程，这种&非线性&对该控制系统的某些定性或定量分析带来不便，因此应用边缘线性化方法对模糊推理建模法进行改进，将基元的隶属函数由&三角波&改成&矩形波&，从而得到了三个模型，这三个模型各有侧重，通过对二阶系统进行仿真，分析仿真结果，从而给出了关于边缘线性化方法的结论，即由边缘线性化方法得到的系统模型对该系统的真实模型有较高的逼近精度。

In market aspect,MNEs have rigidity of market crowding out,can possess market rapidly and potentially,build the bulwark of market entering,while it also has absolute advantage of brands. At the same time,they also develop a pattern of value chain of vertical specialization,by which,Chinas enterprises may have a chance to get into MNEs global value chain and acquire market room. In industry aspect,while MNEs control the industry by stock property and the advantage of brands,they provide a chance of industrial transfer and industrial linkages. Chinas enterprises could strengthen industrial linkages and achieve industrial drive by technology innovation and agglomeration effect. In technology aspect,because of the nature of MNEs technology monopoly,Chinas enterprises must face the dilemma of technology dependence,technology unadaptability and technology trap. But MNEs may also transfer technology to Chinas enterprises by competition effect,demonstration effect and cooperation effect. Moreover,Chinas enterprises could make use of MNEs investment of "oligopolistic reaction"in China to accelerate technology transfer.

在市场层面，跨国公司对中国企业具有市场挤出的刚性，市场占有速度快、潜力大，构筑市场进入壁垒，具有绝对品牌优势，但也在中国形成垂直专业化分工的价值链模式，中国企业获得链入跨国公司全球价值链，获取自身市场空间的机会；在产业层面，跨国公司借助股权安排和品牌优势实施产业控制，但也提供了产业梯度转移和产业关联的契机，中国企业可以通过技术创新和聚集效应，增强产业关联，实现产业带动；在技术层面，跨国公司出于技术垄断本性，使中国企业面临技术依赖、技术非适应性甚至技术陷阱的困境，但也通过竞争效应、示范效应、合作效应对中国企业进行技术转移，中国企业还可以利用跨国公司在华&寡占反应&投资，加速技术转移。

"Against all liabilities, claims, demands, proceedings, costs or expenses of whatsoeer nature which may be made or brought against or incurred by the lessor by reason of any loss, injury, death or damage caused or chaimed to be caused to any person or of any loss of or damage to property occasioned by or arising or claimed to be occasioned or to arise directly or indirectly out of the manufacture, deliery, presence, possession, proision, operation, use, instalment, remoal, transportation, replacement or repair of the goods and whether arising or claimed to arise out of defects in the goods or by reason of the goods infringing or being claimed to infringe any patent, copyright, confidential information of other intellectual property rights."

&对出租人可能提出的或出租人可能招致的，由于以下原因的所有责任、索赔、要求、诉讼、费用或任何性质的开支，其原因或者是直接或间接因货物的制造、送交、存在、占有、供应、操作、使用、安装、移动、运输、替换或修理，不论是否由于或据称由于货物有缺陷，而对任何人造成或据称造成的任何损失、伤害、死亡或损害，或对财产造成或引起或据称造成或引起的任何灭失或损害，或者是因货物侵犯或据称侵犯任何专利、版权、机密情报或其他智力产权&。这里保证补偿的是&……一切责任、索赔、要求、诉讼、费用或任何性质的开支&，其原因有两种情况，一是租赁货物对人或财产造成损害，二是租赁货物侵犯智力产权。关于第一种情况，合同不厌其烦地列举&直接或间接因货物的制造、送交、存在、占有、供应、操作、使用、安装、移动、运输、替换或修理，不论是否由于或据称由于货物有缺陷……&。这段话中多次提到&造成&、&引起&，但都要加上&或据称&，成为&造成或据称造成&、&引起或据称引起&。

Men, at first, for the most part, contented themselves with what unassisted nature offered to their necessities: and though afterwards, in some parts of the world,(where the increase of people and stock, with the use of money, had made land scarce, and so of some value) the several communities settled the bounds of their distinct territories, and by laws within themselves regulated the properties of the private men of their society, and so, by compact and agreement, settled the property which labour and industry began; and the leagues that have been made between several states and kingdoms, either expressly or tacitly disowning all claim and right to the land in the others possession, have, by common consent, given up their pretences to their natural common right, which originally they had to those countries, and so have, by positive agreement, settled a property amongst themselves, in distinct parts and parcels of the earth; yet there are still great tracts of ground to be found, which (the inhabitants thereof not having joined with the rest of mankind, in the consent of the use of their common money) lie waste, and are more than the people who dwell on it do, or can make use of, and so still lie in common; tho' this can scarce happen amongst that part of mankind that have consented to the use of money.

最初，就绝大部分人而言，满足于自然直接提供给他们的生活必需品；然而后来，世界某些部分的种群，（在那里，人口和储蓄的增长，并随着货币的使用，使土地变得不足，因而有了一些价值）多个社群之间确定了他们各自的领土边界，并在社群内部通过法律管理他们社会的私人财产权，于是通过契约和协议，确定由劳动创造的财产权；多个国家和王国之间则订立盟约，以明确表达或默认的形式否认了彼此之间的土地要求和权利，从而，基于共同的同意，放弃了他们原初对于别的国家所拥有的自然的共有权利的要求，于是，通过肯定性的协议，确定他们之间的财产权，在地球上形成各个不同的国家；然而还有大片土地被发现，（那里的居民并未与其余的人类通过使用共同的货币而融合在一起）这些土地处于荒芜状态，多于那里的居民所能够使用，因而仍处于共有状态；不过这种情形很少发生在那些同意使用货币的人群之中。

Whether or not the Lender shall have made such entry or taken possession as aforesaid) sell, assign, call in, collect and convert into money the Property or any part thereof or any interest therein subject to any prior estates, interest and rights to which the Property is subject, but free from this Legal Charge/Mortgage and all other estates, interests, tenancies and rights to which this Legal Charge/Mortgage has priority with full power to sell the same either together or in parcels and either by public auction or tender or private contract or partly by public auction or tender and partly by private contract and with such stipulations as to title or evidence of commencement of title or otherwise as the Lender shall think expedient and either for a lump sum or for a sum to be paid by instalments or for a sum on account and subject to a mortgage or other security for the balance and with full power to give any option to purchase the same or to buy in or rescind or vary any contract of sale of the same and to re-sell the same without being responsible for any loss which may be occasioned thereby with power for the Lender to enter into a Deed of Mutual Covenant or Sub-Deed of Mutual Covenant or Supplemental Deed of Mutual Covenant and/or Management Agreement and/or any other documents of a similar nature or grant any rights easements or privileges as the Lender shall in its absolute discretion think fit and with full power to compromise and effect compositions, and for the purposes aforesaid or any of them to execute and do all such assurances and things as the Lender shall think fit, PROVIDED HOWEVER that where the event of default relates to the payment of any moneys payable hereunder no such sale, assignment, calling in, collection or conversion into money shall be put into effect until the Lender shall first have made a demand for payment of such moneys to the Borrower and default shall have been made in payment thereof for a period of one calendar month

8.2.7 （不论贷款人已否如前述般进入物业或取得物业管有权）在下述条件下将物业或其任何部份出售、转让、收回、收取及折现：受限於物业原先已受其限制的产业权，权益及权利，但不受本法律押记／按揭影响，亦不受所有其他排在本法律押记／按揭之后的产业权、权益、租约及权利影响。全权以公开拍卖、投标或私人合约，或部份以公开拍卖或投标、部份以私人合约的形式，并根据贷款人就业权、业权开始的证据或其他事项认为适当的规定出售物业或其任何部份，而售价可整笔付款或分期付款，或部份款额入账而余额以按揭或其他抵押支付；全权给予认购权或买入、撤销或更改有关物业或其任何部份的售卖合约，并将物业或其任何部份再出售而无须为因此而引致的任何损失负责。贷款人并有权订立公契、公契分契或补充公契及／或管理协议及／或任何其他性质相若的文件，或授予任何按贷款人的绝对酌情权认为合适的权利、地役权或特权；全权作出妥协与达成债务重整协议，并为上述所有或任何目的签立及作出贷款人认为适当的转易与事情。但如失责事件涉及本契据须付的任何付款，则不得进行上述出售、转让、收回、收取或折现，直至贷款人先向借款人提出付款要求而上述款项欠付达一个公历月为止。

The thesis probes into Schoenberg' thinkings about music history, music nationalism, music education, music criticism, and music creation, respectively. There are some important viewpoints in Schoenberg's music thought: Firstly, Schoenberg's ideas of music history, he believes relationship of tradition and revolution in art is dialectical in nature, and argues that evolution in music was determined by natural law, obviously influenced by Hegel's philosophical history idea. Secondly, the thesis sums up his viewpoints of music nationalism, such as "lay stress on art music, look down on folk music","lay stress on western European music, look down on non- western European music" by Schoenberg's account about the reasons of the formation of national art, the dominant of national art and nationality in music; in fact, this viewpoint of western cultural centricity is one of his i mportant viewpoints throughout his life; Thirdly, Schoenberg's concept of music education: in his thought a composing teacher should teach the students how to master "the tool of art", train them for their ability of "one major and various kinds of techniques", try his best to nourish the student's personality; Fourthly, Schoenberg set forth some opinions about modern music critics and the method of music criticism: a music critic must be equipped with the quality of a music expert, and render composer's idea to the public by his art imagination, but not his personal opinion,and Schoenberg stress the areas of music criticism on style and idea ; Lastly, Schoenberg's concept of music creation: Expressionism and organism are two important issues in Schoenberg's thinking about music creation.

本文通过对勋伯格各类论文、书信、演讲、专著等文稿的评述，分别探讨了作为音乐思想家的勋柏格的音乐历史观、民族主义音乐观、音乐教育观、音乐批评观与音乐刨作观，并在此基础上总结了折射在勋柏格音乐思想中的几个重要观点：一，勋柏格对于音乐历史的认识：通过德奥音乐界前辈给予他的创作启示，以及勋伯格对自己几个创作阶段的发展历程的总结，阐述了他对于艺术中的传统与革新之间的关系的辩证认识，并通过这些问题总结出音乐的演进与黑格尔倡导的&历史发展必然性&哲学观念之间存在着必然联系；二，勋柏格的民族主义音乐观：通过勋柏格对于形成民族艺术特征的根本原因、民族艺术中的支配现象、民间音乐与艺术音乐之间的比较、音乐刨作中的&民族性&问题的意识等方面问题的剖析与认识，总结了他的&重艺术音乐，轻民间音乐&、&重西欧音乐，轻非西欧音乐&的观点，从而突出了他的精神领域中的根深蒂固的&德奥音乐中心论&，这是一个浸润着浓厚的西欧文化中心论色彩的观点，也是贯串他毕生的音乐思想的重要观点之一；三，勋柏格对音乐教育问题的见解：勋柏格认为作曲教师应该教会学生掌握&艺术的工具&、在教学中努力做到&一专多能&、注重个性培养；四，勋柏格对当代音乐批评家与音乐批评方法提出的要求：音乐批评家必须具备作为一名音乐家的专业修养，要以真实、客观的态度对待音乐批评这门神圣的职业，充分运用内心的艺术联想向公众再现作曲家的意图，而不是将个人见解强加于受众；同时，批评家需要对艺术的过去与未来拥有全面的了解与较准确的预测，在音乐批评的具体范畴中，应将重心角度置于探讨音乐作品的风格与思想之间的关系方面。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。